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Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) May 2023The heights obtained during the countermovement jump and drop jump tests have been measured by numerous studies using different calculation methods and pieces of...
BACKGROUND
The heights obtained during the countermovement jump and drop jump tests have been measured by numerous studies using different calculation methods and pieces of equipment. However, the differences in calculation methods and equipment used have resulted in discrepancies in jump height being reported.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the available literature pertaining to the different calculation methods to estimate the jump height during the countermovement jump and drop jump.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken using the SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed electronic databases, with all articles required to meet specified criteria based on a quality scoring system.
RESULTS
Twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria, relating various calculation methods and equipment employed when measuring jump height in either of these two tests. The flight time and jump-and-reach methods provide practitioners with jump height data in the shortest time, but their accuracy is affected by factors such as participant conditions or equipment sensitivity. The motion capture systems and the double integration method measure the jump height from the centre of mass height at the initial flat foot standing to the apex of jumping, where the centre of mass displacement generated by the ankle plantarflexion is known. The impulse-momentum and flight time methods could only measure the jump height from the centre of mass height at the instant of take-off to the apex of jumping, thus, providing statistically significantly lower jump height values compared with the former two methods. However, further research is warranted to investigate the reliability of each calculation method when using different equipment settings.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that using the impulse-momentum method via a force platform is the most appropriate way for the jump height from the instant of take-off to the apex of jumping to be measured. Alternatively, the double integration method via a force platform is preferred to quantify the jump height from the initial flat foot standing to the apex of jumping.
Topics: Humans; Flatfoot; Reproducibility of Results; Lower Extremity; Exercise; Ankle Joint
PubMed: 36940054
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01828-x -
The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery :... May 2019Naviculocuneiform (NC) joint arthrodesis is an effective procedure to treat pain and provide stability to the medial column. Various forms of fixation have been...
Naviculocuneiform (NC) joint arthrodesis is an effective procedure to treat pain and provide stability to the medial column. Various forms of fixation have been described for NC arthrodesis. Despite this, the available literature is scant and questions remain regarding nonunion rate and contributory factors. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to determine the rate of nonunion for NC joint arthrodesis. Seven studies involving 139 NC joint arthrodeses met inclusion criteria. The nonunion rate was 6.5% at a weighted mean follow-up of 73.2 months. There is insufficient evidence to provide a practice guideline based on the current literature. Adequately powered prospective clinical trials comparing well-matched patient groups with long-term follow-up are required to limit systematic error and enhance external validity. Specific outcomes measures should include union, functional assessment, complications, and cost-benefit analysis.
Topics: Arthrodesis; Humans; Incidence; Tarsal Bones; Tarsal Joints
PubMed: 30876812
DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.09.014 -
Assistive Technology : the Official... Mar 2023This systematic review aimed to evaluate custom-made 3D printed insoles for people with flatfeet. PubMed, Embase, ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, Scopus, and Cochrane...
This systematic review aimed to evaluate custom-made 3D printed insoles for people with flatfeet. PubMed, Embase, ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, were searched from inception until January 2022. The quality assessment of included studies was performed through the Downs and Black checklist. A narrative analysis was performed since a meta-analysis could not be conducted. Ten studies including 225 subjects with flexible flatfeet were chosen for final evaluation. Although the evidence from selected literature was generally weak, using insoles with 3D printing technology may positively affect pain (comfort score) and foot function, with no significant change in vertical loading rate during walking or running. There were discrepancies among studies for plantar pressures, center of pressure trajectories, 3D ankle joint kinematics and kinetics of gait while wearing these insoles. Dose-response effects of medial posting on 3D printed insoles suggested beneficial effects on lower limb gait biomechanics in people with flatfeet. There was insufficient evidence to conclude the comparison between 3D printed insoles and other types of insoles. In conclusion, using a 3D printed insole may improve comfort score and foot function in people with flatfeet.
Topics: Humans; Flatfoot; Equipment Design; Pressure; Foot Orthoses; Walking; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 35882078
DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2022.2105438 -
International Orthopaedics May 2019This systematic review aimed to compare radiographic correction, clinical outcomes, complications, and re-operations between lateral column lengthening (LCL) and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
This systematic review aimed to compare radiographic correction, clinical outcomes, complications, and re-operations between lateral column lengthening (LCL) and arthroereisis (AR) for treating symptomatic flatfoot in children.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. The outcomes analyzed included radiographic parameters, clinical scores, satisfaction, complications, and re-operations.
RESULTS
Twenty-one and 13 studies were included in the LCL and AR groups, respectively. The change in anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle was greater in the LCL (9.5° to 21.7°) than in the AR group (10.6° to 12.8°). The change in calcaneal pitch was greater in the LCL (2.1° to 26.53°) than in the AR group (- 1.3° to 3.23°). Improvements in the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score were greater in the LCL (27.7 to 39.1) than in the AR group (17 to 22). The percentage of satisfaction was similar between the LCL (68% to 89%) and AR (78.5% to 96.4%) groups. The complication rate was higher in the LCL (0% to 86.9%) than in the AR group (3.5% to 45%). The most common complications were calcaneocuboid subluxation and persistent pain in the LCL and AR groups, respectively. The re-operation rate was similar between the LCL (0% to 27.3%) and AR (0% to 36.4%) groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The LCL group has achieved more radiographic corrections and more improvements in the AOFAS score than the AR group. Complications were more common in the LCL group than in the AR group, and the re-operation rates were similar between the two groups.
Topics: Bone Transplantation; Child; Flatfoot; Foot Bones; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Subtalar Joint
PubMed: 30701302
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-019-04303-3 -
Prosthetics and Orthotics International Feb 2023Equinus generally is linked to many foot and ankle pathologies. A reasonably convincing relationship was found between isolated gastrocnemius or Achilles contracture and...
BACKGROUND
Equinus generally is linked to many foot and ankle pathologies. A reasonably convincing relationship was found between isolated gastrocnemius or Achilles contracture and the flatfoot deformity. Achilles' tightness in flatfoot children can lead to future pain and disability, which makes it more important than other types of flatfeet. Findings in the literature suggest stretching and orthotic management as a conservative treatment for this compound disorder.
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to examine the impact of orthotic managements on gastroc-soleus complex tightness in pediatric with flexible flatfoot.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science) was performed to find relevant articles. The level of evidence and quality was identified using Downs and Black (1998). This review was conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.
RESULTS
Three hundred fifty-seven studies were found by searching electronic databases. After removing duplicate documents, 190 documents remained. Three other articles were identified from the screened of related references. During title/abstract screening, 193 studies were excluded and no study was selected for full consideration for the present review.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, no study assessed the impact of orthotic management on gastroc-soleus complex tightness in children with flexible flatfoot. These devices have been proposed in spastic and nonspastic patients. Hence, researches that show whether these devices can be effective on gastrocnemius or Achilles tendon tightness in flatfoot children or not will be worthwhile.
Topics: Humans; Child; Flatfoot; Muscle, Skeletal; Achilles Tendon; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 36791382
DOI: 10.1097/PXR.0000000000000150 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... May 2021Subtalar arthroereisis has been increasingly accepted as a solution to manage symptomatic pes planus. However, despite the recent developments related to arthroereisis,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Subtalar arthroereisis has been increasingly accepted as a solution to manage symptomatic pes planus. However, despite the recent developments related to arthroereisis, no other published literature has aimed to review the outcomes in paediatric patients since 2010. This systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, aims to evaluate the current outcomes of subtalar arthroereisis in the treatment of symptomatic pes planus among the paediatric population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All studies reported on the clinical outcomes of subtalar arthroereisis in children aged 21 or younger were included.
RESULTS
A total of 17 publications were included, with 1536 feet. The average duration of follow-up of the studies included in the review is 43.52 months. The studies consistently reported improvement in the radiological outcomes, approximating that of a normal population. Subtalar arthroereisis has shown to restore the collapsed medial longitudinal arch, supported by the decrease in Meary's angle to 5.267° (95% CI: 4.695°-5.839°, normal: 0°-10.0°) post-operatively and an increased calcaneal pitch of 15.70° (95% CI: 15.41°-15.99°, normal 18.0°-20.0°). Deformities associated with pes planus such as heel valgus was also significantly reduced, evident by the post-operative lateral talocalcaneal angle of 27.19° (95% CI: 26.44°-27.93°, normal: 25.0°-45.0°) and a post-operative Kite's angle of 18.13° (95% CI: 17.73°-18.52°, normal: 15.0°-30.0°). Subjectively, subtalar arthroereisis has generally resulted in an improvement in the grading of outcomes postoperatively from the patient's point of view.
CONCLUSIONS
Subtalar arthroereisis could serve as a procedure to correct radiological abnormalities, as well as relieve pain in selected patients with symptomatic pes planus.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Flatfoot; Humans; Male; Orthopedic Procedures; Subtalar Joint
PubMed: 32377845
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03458-8 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... May 2024Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), formally known as "adult-acquired flatfoot deformity" (AAFFD), is a complex foot deformity consisting of multiple...
INTRODUCTION
Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), formally known as "adult-acquired flatfoot deformity" (AAFFD), is a complex foot deformity consisting of multiple components. If surgery is required, joint-preserving procedures, such as a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO), are frequently performed. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a summary of the evidence on the impact of MDCO on foot biomechanics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature search across two major sources (PubMed and Scopus) without time limitation was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Only original research studies reporting on biomechanical changes following a MDCO were included. Exclusion criteria consisted of review articles, case studies, and studies not written in English. 27 studies were included and the methodologic quality graded according to the QUACS scale and the modified Coleman score.
RESULTS
The 27 included studies consisted of 18 cadaveric, 7 studies based on biomechanical models, and 2 clinical studies. The impact of MDCO on the following five major parameters were assessed: plantar fascia (n = 6), medial longitudinal arch (n = 9), hind- and midfoot joint pressures (n = 10), Achilles tendon (n = 5), and gait pattern parameters (n = 3). The quality of the studies was moderate to good with a pooled mean QUACS score of 65% (range 46-92%) for in-vitro and a pooled mean Coleman score of 58 (range 56-65) points for clinical studies.
CONCLUSION
A thorough knowledge of how MDCO impacts foot function is key in properly understanding the postoperative effects of this commonly performed procedure. According to the evidence, MDCO impacts the function of the plantar fascia and Achilles tendon, the integrity of the medial longitudinal arch, hind- and midfoot joint pressures, and consequently specific gait pattern parameters.
Topics: Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Calcaneus; Flatfoot; Foot; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Gait; Osteotomy
PubMed: 38554203
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05267-9 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Mar 2024Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in medial displacement calcaneus osteotomy (MDCO) has been proposed for surgical correction of adult-acquired flat foot deformity (AAFD)... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in medial displacement calcaneus osteotomy (MDCO) has been proposed for surgical correction of adult-acquired flat foot deformity (AAFD) to reduce complications of open approaches. The aim of our study is to systematically analyze complications and the clinical and radiological results of MIS- MDCO.
METHODS
A systematic review of the English literature was performed on 30th October 2023. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and case series concerning surgical correction of AAFD with MIS-MDCO and with at least 15 patients were included. Case reports, technical notes, animal or cadaveric studies were excluded. The quality and risk of bias of the studies included were evaluated using GRADE and MINORS systems. Complications rate, clinical and radiological results were inferred from the studies included.
RESULTS
Nine articles were included. A total of 501 cases treated with MIS-MDCO were analysed with a mean follow-up of 11.9 ± 5.1 months. The reported wound infection rate was about 3% and sural neuropathy was rated about 1%. Only 4% of the cases required removal of the screw for pain. In the comparative studies (MIS versus Open MDCO), comparable clinical results but with significant differences (P < 0.001) in infection rates (1% versus 14%) and sural neuropathy (2% versus 1%) were observed.
CONCLUSION
AAFD correction performed with MIS-MDCO, with the limitation of a poor quality and high risk of bias of the included studies, seems to provide good clinical results and high subjective satisfaction with a lower complication rate compared to open approach. Further high-quality long-term comparative studies could better clarify complications and clinical and radiological outcomes of the MIS technique in the treatment of AAFD.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Flatfoot; Calcaneus; Retrospective Studies; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Osteotomy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38212588
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05188-z -
Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official... Mar 2024In progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), the goal of surgery is to obtain a well-balanced plantigrade foot. It remains unclear if restoration of the alignment... (Review)
Review
Does foot shape really matter? Correlation of patient reported outcomes with radiographic assessment in progressive collapsing foot deformity reconstruction: A systematic review.
BACKGROUND
In progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), the goal of surgery is to obtain a well-balanced plantigrade foot. It remains unclear if restoration of the alignment and subsequent improvement in radiological parameters is associated with improved patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The aim of the current systematic review was to investigate whether there is a correlation between radiographic assessment and PROMs in patients treated surgically for flexible PCFD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails (CENTRAL), and KINAHL. We included all the studies reporting both PROMs and radiological outcomes in patients treated surgically for PCFD. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool.
RESULTS
Six retrospective studies were included. Radiological parameters related to forefoot plantarflexion were associated with statistically significant differences in postoperative PROMs. A neutral hindfoot and midfoot position was positively correlated with postoperative PROMs but a statistically significant difference could not be established in all studies. The medial arch height was positively correlated with PROMs, but in one study this was the case only in revision surgeries.
CONCLUSION
The literature so far suggests restoration of the alignment may be associated with improved PROMs. Future prospective studies that investigate possible radiological and clinical correlations in PCFD surgery are needed.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
PubMed: 38514277
DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2024.03.004 -
Foot & Ankle Specialist Aug 2022Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a condition affecting approximately 3% of the adult population. It can lead to severe morbidity, and therefore, prompt...
BACKGROUND
Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a condition affecting approximately 3% of the adult population. It can lead to severe morbidity, and therefore, prompt treatment is of the upmost importance in maintaining and restoring function. Recently, the use of subtalar arthroereisis has become more widespread in the treatment of AAFD. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the clinical and radiological outcomes of AAFD when treated with subtalar arthroereisis.
METHODS
Studies involving the use of subtalar arthroereisis for the management of AAFD were reviewed, and appropriate studies selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were reviewed for both clinical and radiological outcomes following the use of subtalar arthroereisis as well as reported complications.
RESULTS
Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, with most of these involving stage II AAFD. A total of 190 subtalar arthroereisis procedures were performed with all studies demonstrating improvement in both clinical and radiological scores with a low rate of complications.
CONCLUSION
Subtalar arthroereisis may have benefits when used as an adjunct to treat stage II AAFD. However, more high-quality studies are needed to establish its best use.
LEVELS OF EVIDENCE
.
Topics: Adult; Flatfoot; Humans; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Subtalar Joint
PubMed: 33511862
DOI: 10.1177/1938640020987775