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International Journal of Dental Hygiene Feb 2022To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess if cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have a higher colonization of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess if cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have a higher colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus than patients without this condition.
METHODS
Five electronic databases were searched systematically. The inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized clinical trials, non-randomized, or quasi-randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies published until March, 2021; articles that evaluated S. mutans and Lactobacillus profile in patients with and without cleft lip and palate undergoing orthodontic treatment. The random-effect model was used to perform the analysis of all the data collected. Statistic heterogeneity was evaluated with I test.
RESULTS
In this systematic review, 2 cohort studies were included. The data analysis from 160 patients revealed that patients without cleft lip and palate had 4.5 times more predisposition to oral colonization with S. mutans than CLP patients. No statistical significant difference was found between these patients for colonization with Lactobacillus.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limitations in the included studies, this systematic review suggested that CLP patients have a lower predisposition to oral colonization with S. mutans when compared to healthy patients.
Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Humans; Lactobacillus; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33818912
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12503 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2021To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults associated with presence of carious lesions and caries-free state (oral health).
DESIGN
This review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched published studies querying PUBMED and EMBASE using the following keywords: (plaque OR saliva) AND caries AND (next generation sequencing OR checkerboard OR 16s rRNA or qPCR). Studies were limited to human studies published in English between January 1, 2010 and June 24, 2020 that included > 10 caries-active and > 10 caries-free participants, and assessed the entire bacterial community.
RESULTS
Our search strategy identified 298 articles. After exclusion criteria, 22 articles remained; we considered 2 studies that examined saliva and plaque as separate studies, for a total of 24 studies. Species associated with caries or oral health varied widely among studies reviewed, with notable differences by age and biologic sample type. No bacterial species was associated with caries in all studies. Streptococcus mutans was found more frequently among those with caries (14/24 (58.3 %)) and Fusobacterium periodonticum was found more frequently among those that were caries-free (5/24 (20.8 %)).
CONCLUSION
No bacterial species was associated with caries or oral health across all studies supporting multiple pathways to cariogenesis. However, the variation may be due to sampling at different time points during caries development, varying methods of specimen sampling, storage, sequencing or analysis or differences in host factors such as age.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dental Caries; Fusobacterium; Humans; Mouth; Oral Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34246103
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105204 -
International Orthodontics Jun 2020Biofilm accumulation around orthodontic brackets and composite is a common complication of orthodontic treatment. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
An in vitro evaluation of the effects of nanoparticles on shear bond strength and antimicrobial properties of orthodontic adhesives: A systematic review and meta-analysis study.
INTRODUCTION
Biofilm accumulation around orthodontic brackets and composite is a common complication of orthodontic treatment.
OBJECTIVE
A systematic review and meta-analysis were done to find out whether the association of nanoparticles with the orthodontic adhesives compromises its properties and whether there are exceptional nanoparticles exhibiting excellent antimicrobial potential against cariogenic bacteria along with remarkable mechanical properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic databases were searched using the following keywords; orthodontic or orthodontics and antimicrobial or antibacterial and adhesive and nanoparticles and shear bond strength. Thirteen studies were included and meta-analysis was performed.
RESULTS
The results indicated no drastic changes in mechanical properties (0.812, 95% CI [0.750, 0.861], P=0.000). The Ag-HA, Cur, Cur-ZnO, and TiO in concentration≥1% showed a statistically significant difference, where the control groups had higher shear bond strength. Nine studies assessed the antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles. 1 wt% Cu and 5 wt% TiO not only did not affect shear bond strength but also showed more antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The analysis demonstrated the absence of heterogeneity (Q value=44.014; df (Q)=12; and I=72.736) in shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesives with nanoparticles, with low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Adding≤5 wt% antimicrobial nanoparticles to an orthodontic adhesive is less conducive to microbial growth than unmodified adhesive and does not influence bracket-enamel bond strength.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Dental Cements; Dental Stress Analysis; In Vitro Techniques; Nanoparticles; Orthodontic Brackets; Shear Strength; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32088136
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.01.011 -
Archives of Oral Biology May 2024This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents.
DESIGN
An electronic search was carried out across five databases. Studies were included if they conducted research on generally healthy adolescents, applied molecular-based microbiological analyses and assessed caries status. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment.
RESULTS
In total, 3935 records were reviewed which resulted in a selection of 20 cross-sectional studies (published 2005-2022) with a sample size ranging from 11 to 614 participants including adolescents between 11 and 19 years. The studies analyzed saliva, dental biofilm or tongue swabs with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, (q)PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing methods. Prevotella denticola, Scardoviae Wiggsiae, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently reported species presenting higher abundance in adolescents with caries. The majority of the studies reported that the microbial diversity was similar between participants with and without dental caries.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review is the first that shows how the oral microbiota composition in adolescents appears to differ between those with and without dental caries, suggesting certain taxa may be associated with increased caries risk. However, there is a need to replicate and expand these findings in larger, longitudinal studies that also focus on caries severity and take adolescent-specific factors into account.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Dental Caries; Cross-Sectional Studies; Streptococcus mutans; Saliva; Microbiota; DNA
PubMed: 38447351
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105933 -
Effect of Antimicrobial Interventions on the Oral Microbiota Associated with Early Childhood Caries.Pediatric Dentistry 2015The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic microbiota and early childhood caries (ECC) outcomes; and to review methods used to perform microbial assessments in clinical studies of ECC.
METHODS
Multiple databases were searched; only clinical cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 1998 to 2014 were selected. A total of 471 titles and abstracts were identified; 114 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full review, from which 41 studies were included in the meta-analyses.
RESULTS
In most of the reviewed studies, moderate reductions in cariogenic bacterial levels, mainly in mutans streptococci (MS), were demonstrated following the use of antimicrobial agents, but bacterial regrowth occurred and new carious lesions developed once the treatment had ceased, particularly in high-risk children. Relatively consistent findings suggested that anti-cariogenic microbial interventions in mothers significantly reduced MS acquisition by children. However, studies of the long-term benefits of ECC prevention are lacking.
CONCLUSION
Based on the meta-analyses, antimicrobial interventions and treatments show temporary reductions in MS colonization levels. However, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that the approaches used produced sustainable effects on cariogenic microbial colonization or ECC reduction and prevention.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Load; Cariostatic Agents; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Humans; Infant; Microbial Consortia; Mouth; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 26063552
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Paediatric... Jul 2013Early childhood caries (ECC) describes dental caries affecting children aged 0-71 months. Current research suggests ECC has important aetiological bases during the first... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Early childhood caries (ECC) describes dental caries affecting children aged 0-71 months. Current research suggests ECC has important aetiological bases during the first year of life. Gaps in knowledge about disease progression prevent the effective and early identification of 'at risk' children.
AIM
To conduct a systematic review of research studies focusing on (a) acquisition and colonization of oral bacteria and ECC and (b) risk and/or protective factors in infants aged 0-12 months.
DESIGN
Ovid Medline and Embase databases (1996-2011) were searched for RCT, longitudinal, cross-sectional and qualitative studies. Two investigators undertook a quality assessment for risk of bias.
RESULTS
Inclusion criteria were met for (a) by four papers and for (b) by 13 papers; five papers were rated medium or high quality. Bacterial acquisition/colonization and modifying factor interrelationships were identified, but their role in the caries process was not clarified. Key risk indicators were infant feeding practices (nine papers), maternal circumstances and oral health (6) and infant-related oral health behaviours (4).
CONCLUSION
This review confirmed that factors occurring during the first year of life affect ECC experience. Despite heterogeneity, findings indicated maternal factors influence bacterial acquisition, whereas colonization was mediated by oral health behaviours and practices and feeding habits.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Disease Progression; Feeding Methods; Humans; Infant; Risk Factors; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 22925469
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2012.01260.x -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Feb 2016To conduct a systematic review aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine varnishes (CHX-V) on mutans streptococci (MS) in patients during... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine varnishes (CHX-V) on mutans streptococci (MS) in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic computerized database search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE up to September 2014. A Google search was also conducted to further identify articles that met the eligibility criteria. Clinical trials which used CHX-V alone as the intervention to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the varnish in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Outcome measures included MS level reduction and/or decreased caries incidence from baseline data.
RESULTS
Nineteen articles were identified for full-text reading; eleven articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Type and concentration of CHX-V, bacterial sampling method, application frequency, sampling schedule, risk of bias and study outcomes are presented.
CONCLUSION
A limited number of studies with low risk of bias were available to address the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX-V on MS in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Therefore, while the majority of studies found CHX-V to be an effective antimicrobial against MS at an interval of 3-4 weeks, the strength of the recommendation is weak. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether this antimicrobial effect will contribute to clinically significant caries reduction in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Streptococcus mutans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26257398
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12163 -
Archives of Oral Biology Oct 2020To evaluate the efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds (NAPs), compared to synthetic antimicrobials (SAs), in the biofilm control and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds in the control of biofilm in children and adolescents compared to synthetic antimicrobials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds (NAPs), compared to synthetic antimicrobials (SAs), in the biofilm control and microorganisms (MOs) count among children and adolescents at different intervention times through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VHL, and Grey Literature. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the tools ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0. Meta-analyses (MAs) were performed according to three parameters: the influence of NAPs on the plaque index (PI) mean; the period of NAPs administration (≤15 days/>15 days) on the biofilm reduction; and the influence of NAPs on the MOs count subgrouping according to the type of MO (total MOs, S. mutans, and Streptococcus spp.). The standard mean differences were calculated (p ≤ 0.05) for all analyses, and the heterogeneity was tested through the I index. The evidence was certainty-tested using the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies were selected for qualitative synthesis, and 12 studies were included in the MAs. NAPs were less efficacious in improving the PI (p < 0.0001, I>87 %) and reducing biofilm over time (p < 0.01, I>87 %) but presented a reduction in MOs count similar to that of SAs (p = 0.3, I = 0%). The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to low.
CONCLUSION
Although the use of NAPs is similar to the use of SAs in reducing MOs count, it is less effective than SAs in improving PI mean and for biofilm reduction over time.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Biological Products; Child; Humans; Mouth; Phenols; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32736143
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104844 -
Nutrients Jul 2013This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of probiotics in human. The hypothesis was that the administration of probiotic strains... (Review)
Review
This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of probiotics in human. The hypothesis was that the administration of probiotic strains might play a role in caries lesion prevention and in the control of caries-related risk factors. The main relevant databases (Medline, Embase) were searched. Quality of the Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) was classified using the "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" (CONSORT) checklist and the Impact Factor (IF) value of each journal was recorded. Sixty-six papers were identified, and 23 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only three studies had caries lesion development as outcome, all the others reported caries risk factors as interim evaluation. Using the CONSORT Score, the papers were coded as 4 excellent, 9 good and 10 poor. The mean IF value recorded was 1.438. Probiotics may play a role as antagonistic agent on mutans streptococci (MS), acidogenic/aciduric bacteria that contributes to the caries process. In two-thirds of the selected papers, probiotics have demonstrated the capacity to reduce MS counts in saliva and/or plaque in short-term. The effect of probiotics on the development of caries lesion seems encouraging, but to date, RCTs on this topic are insufficient to provide scientific clinical evidence.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 23857225
DOI: 10.3390/nu5072530 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Jan 2014The current recommendations for the treatment of bacterial salivary gland infections are mainly empirical. Therefore, an evidence-based literature review was conducted... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The current recommendations for the treatment of bacterial salivary gland infections are mainly empirical. Therefore, an evidence-based literature review was conducted to identify antibiotics with favorable pharmacokinetics in saliva and to establish recommendations for the antibiotic treatment of sialadenitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors performed a systematic review of the pertinent literature published from 1985 to 2013. If the predefined inclusion criteria were met, the articles were screened for various variables: antibiotic type, mode of administration, type of examined saliva, peak salivary antibiotic concentrations, biochemical methodology, and minimal inhibitory concentrations of bacteria implicated in sialadenitis (Staphylococcus aureus, Viridans streptococci, various gram-negative strains, and anaerobes).
RESULTS
The review included 18 studies. The systematic analysis of the reported results concurred that intravenously administered cephalosporins achieve the highest concentrations in saliva, followed by orally administered cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. These concentrations exceed the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the bacteria of interest. Phenoxymethylpenicillin and tetracyclines are not secreted in the saliva at bactericidal levels. The antibiotic peak salivary levels depended on the type of saliva examined (parotid vs submandibular vs minor salivary gland) and the biochemical method of measurement (high-performance liquid chromatography vs bioassay).
CONCLUSION
Cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones display superior pharmacokinetics in saliva and cover the spectrum of all bacteria implicated in sialadenitis. Within the limitations of this review, they can be recommended for the treatment of bacterial salivary gland infections.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Evidence-Based Dentistry; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Saliva; Sialadenitis
PubMed: 23992785
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.214