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Journal of the Indian Society of... 2020Dental caries is one of the most prevailing oral health diseases in children. Recent times have focused on herbal products, because they have minimum or no side effects... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is one of the most prevailing oral health diseases in children. Recent times have focused on herbal products, because they have minimum or no side effects and are effective in prevention. Licorice is one such product belonging to Glycyrrhiza family used in the form of dentifrice, chewing gums, lollipop, gels, etc., Literature reports about the activity of licorice root extract on the biofilm thereby reducing Streptococcus mutans (SM) count and preventing dental caries in children.
OBJECTIVES
The objective is to assess the effectiveness of licorice in reducing SM count and preventing dental caries in children.
METHODOLOGY
PubMed and Google scholar were searched with search strategies for studies reporting licorice as intervention in children among 3-15 years for preventing dental caries. Only those studies with study design of randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and comparative studies published between January 1, 2000, and October 31, 2019 were included. Cross references and hand searching for the relevant articles were also conducted.
RESULTS
A preliminary search yielded a total of 31 studies through PubMed and Google scholar. From 31 studies, nine studies were excluded based on the screening through titles. From the remaining 22 articles, six duplicates, four without parameters, six as reviews and case reports and were excluded. Finally, six articles giving ten estimates were included for qualitative synthesis.
CONCLUSION
Licorice extracts proves to be effective as an antimicrobial agent by reducing the count of SM in children. Its action on biofilm limits the fall of pH thereby preventing acidic environment that increases the risk of dental caries. Moreover, licorice in lollipop form is well accepted by children.
Topics: Biofilms; Child; Dental Caries; Gels; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33402612
DOI: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_100_20 -
Journal of the American Dental... Aug 2020The authors of this meta-analysis aimed to assess saliva-related caries risk factors, including calcium and phosphate, hydrogen ion concentration, buffer capacity,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The authors of this meta-analysis aimed to assess saliva-related caries risk factors, including calcium and phosphate, hydrogen ion concentration, buffer capacity, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts, flow rate, and decayed, missing and filled teeth index in each trimester during pregnancy.
TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED
The authors searched electronic databases up to July 1, 2019. Eligible observational studies were included. The authors assessed the quality of the included studies by using the Joanna Briggs Institute scale. To estimate the effects of pregnancy, standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 1,230 pregnant women in the case groups and 715 in the control groups (nonpregnant women). The results showed that salivary calcium concentration decreased in the third trimester, salivary phosphate decreased in the second and third trimesters, saliva hydrogen ion concentration decreased in the first and third trimesters, stimulated saliva flow rate increased in the third trimester, and salivary S mutans count increased in the second and third trimesters. In addition, the results showed that saliva calcium, phosphate, S mutans, and buffer capacity amounts had changed from the first trimester to the third.
CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
In the third trimester, most salivary factors related to caries change and can increase the risk of developing caries in the future. Interventions and screening for caries prevention in pregnancy should start in the first or second trimesters.
Topics: DMF Index; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32718487
DOI: 10.1016/j.aime.2020.04.021 -
The European Respiratory Journal Sep 2019Pleural infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. Identification of the offending organism is key to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. It is...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Pleural infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. Identification of the offending organism is key to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. It is not known whether the microbiological pattern of pleural infection is variable temporally or geographically. This systematic review aimed to investigate available literature to understand the worldwide pattern of microbiology and the factors that might affect such pattern.
DATA SOURCES AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Ovid MEDLINE and Embase were searched between 2000 and 2018 for publications that reported on the microbiology of pleural infection in adults. Both observational and interventional studies were included. Studies were excluded if the main focus of the report was paediatric population, tuberculous empyema or post-operative empyema.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
Studies of ≥20 patients with clear reporting of microbial isolates were included. The numbers of isolates of each specific organism/group were collated from the included studies. Besides the overall presentation of data, subgroup analyses by geographical distribution, infection setting (community hospital) and time of the report were performed.
RESULTS
From 20 980 reports returned by the initial search, 75 articles reporting on 10 241 patients were included in the data synthesis. The most common organism reported worldwide was . Geographically, pneumococci and viridans streptococci were the most commonly reported isolates from tropical and temperate regions, respectively. The microbiological pattern was considerably different between community- and hospital-acquired infections, where more Gram-negative and drug-resistant isolates were reported in the hospital-acquired infections. The main limitations of this systematic review were the heterogeneity in the method of reporting of certain bacteria and the predominance of reports from Europe and South East Asia.
CONCLUSIONS
In pleural infection, the geographical location and the setting of infection have considerable bearing on the expected causative organisms. This should be reflected in the choice of empirical antimicrobial treatment.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae; Global Health; Humans; Klebsiella; Middle Aged; Pleural Diseases; Pseudomonas; Risk; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 31248959
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00542-2019 -
European Journal of Clinical... Aug 2016Infective endocarditis (IE) incidence remains high with considerable fatality rates; guidelines for prophylaxis against IE are currently under review in some settings... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis (IE) incidence remains high with considerable fatality rates; guidelines for prophylaxis against IE are currently under review in some settings which highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date epidemiological estimates about the most common microbial causes. The objective of this systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, was to identify the most common microbial causes of IE in recent years. Medline was searched from January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2013 for all articles containing the term "infective endocarditis". All relevant studies reporting diagnostic results were included. Special patient subpopulations were assessed separately. A total of 105 studies were included, from 36 countries, with available data on a total of 33,214 cases. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common microorganism, being the most frequent in 54.3 % of studies (N = 57) (and in 55.4 % of studies using Duke's criteria for diagnosis [N = 51]). Viridans group streptococci (VGS), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus spp and Streptococcus bovis were among the most common causes. S. aureus was the most common pathogen in almost all population subgroups; however, this was not the case in patients with implantable devices, prosthetic valves, or immunocompromised non-HIV, as well as in the sub-group from Asia, emphasizing that a global one-size-fits-all approach to the management of suspected IE is not appropriate. This review provides an evidence-based map of the most common causative agents of IE, highlighting S. aureus as the leading cause in the 21st century. The changing epidemiology of IE in some patient sub-groups in the last decade and the very high number of microbiologically undiagnosed cases (26.6 %) suggest the need to revisit IE prophylaxis and diagnostic strategies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Young Adult
PubMed: 27170145
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2660-6 -
Pediatric Dentistry 2015The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether prenatal use of fluoride, chlorhexidine mouthrinses, and xylitol could alter the mutans streptococci levels... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether prenatal use of fluoride, chlorhexidine mouthrinses, and xylitol could alter the mutans streptococci levels in children.
METHODS
A systematic search of clinical trials was implemented for the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, PubMed, PMC, NCBI, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar, LILACS, and Science Direct. A search for ongoing trials was also undertaken in the clinicaltrial.gov database to identify eligible studies. Data regarding methodology, participants, types of interventions, and outcomes were extracted, and the risk of bias was also assessed independently by two review authors.
RESULTS
Only two clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Although one study showed significant results, the overall result of this systematic review showed no statistical significance. A risk ratio and 95 percent confidence interval of 0.1 (0.01 to 1.89) were obtained.
CONCLUSIONS
Statistically significant results were reported in both the included studies; however, systematic analysis revealed a dearth of current evidence to support the general recommendation of pharmacological interventions for expectant mothers resulting in altered mutans streptococci levels in their children.
Topics: Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Female; Fluorides; Humans; Mothers; Mouthwashes; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus mutans; Xylitol
PubMed: 26531084
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2021Dental caries is one of the most important oral health problems and a common infectious microbial disease. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been regarded as the...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is one of the most important oral health problems and a common infectious microbial disease. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been regarded as the primary etiologic factor in the formation of dental caries. Curcumin (CUR) has an antibacterial action and could be used in the eradication of S. mutans to control dental caries. This systematic review was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the anticaries effect of CUR.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane - CENTRAL, and Scopus databases. Based on the PICO model, studies which evaluated the anticaries effects of CUR up until 24 February 2020 with language restrictions were selected for this systematic review.
RESULTS
From 753 papers found, 13 met the eligibility criteria and were included. In 12 out of 13 included studies, CUR had significant antibacterial and anticaries effects. CUR had inhibitory effects on S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity, biomass, viability and metabolism reduction of biofilm, reduced exopolysaccharide production of biofilms, changes in biofilm structure, and had anti-adhesion effects against S. mutans.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review suggests promising antibacterial and anticaries effects of CUR including inhibition of S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity. This review provides unique information regarding the potential role of CUR in the prevention and treatment of dental carries as a natural, accessible, safe, and inexpensive agent to increase oral and dental health. However, clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Curcumin; Dental Caries; Humans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34331692
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_12 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2014To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans colonies.
SEARCH STRATEGY
four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid ALL EMB Reviews, PubMed and BIREME) were selected to search for relevant articles covering the period from January 1965 to December 2012.
SELECTION CRITERIA
in first consensus by reading the title and abstract. The full text was obtained from publications that met the inclusion criteria.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently extracted data using the following keywords: conventional, self-ligating, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, and systematic review; and independently evaluated the quality of the studies. In case of divergence, the technique of consensus was adopted.
RESULTS
The search strategy resulted in 1,401 articles. The classification of scientific relevance revealed the high quality of the 6 eligible articles of which outcomes were not unanimous in reporting not only the influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over adhesion and formation of colonies of Streptococcus mutans, but also that other factors such as the quality of the bracket type, the level of individual oral hygiene, bonding and age may have greater influence. Statistical analysis was not feasible because of the heterogeneous methodological design.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there is no evidence for a possible influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over colony formation and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 24713561
DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.060-068.oar -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Dental caries causes serious consequences and the financial burden of society especially in children with high morbidity rate. Here we carried out a meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dental caries causes serious consequences and the financial burden of society especially in children with high morbidity rate. Here we carried out a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy of probiotics against dental caries in children. Forty-three RCTs were eligible for this meta-analysis after searching the PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science from the inception through October 2021. Pooled estimates demonstrated that treatment with probiotics significantly reduced noncavitated (dicdas2-6mft) (SMD = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.06, = 0.002) and cavitated (dicdas5-6mft) carious lesions in children (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.5 to 0.14, = 0.0004). Probiotics also reduced prevalence of noncavitated (dicdas2-6mft) carious lesions (RR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.67 to-0.97, = 0.02). Salivary was declined after intervention (SMD = -1.17, 95% CI: -1.85 to -0.5, = 0.0007), while counts were upregulated (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.46-1.92, = 0.001). However, no significant effects in total bacteria counts and salivary pH were observed. Our findings suggest that probiotics especially could be a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical applications in children dental caries.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Caries; Probiotics; Bacterial Load; Streptococcus mutans; Lactobacillus; Saliva
PubMed: 35607893
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2077693 -
Caries Research 2006Research suggests that mutans streptococci play an important role in cariogenesis in children but the usefulness of bacterial testing in risk assessment is unknown. Our... (Review)
Review
Research suggests that mutans streptococci play an important role in cariogenesis in children but the usefulness of bacterial testing in risk assessment is unknown. Our objective was to summarize the literature assessing the association of mutans streptococci and dental caries in preschool children, (Pre)Medline (1966-2003), Embase (1980-2003), the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (2003, issue 3), and reference lists of included studies were searched. All abstracts found by the electronic searches (n = 981) were independently scrutinized by 2 reviewers. Minimal requirements for inclusion were assessment of preschool children without caries at baseline, reporting of mutans streptococci present in saliva or plaque at baseline and assessment of caries presence after a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. Participants' details, test methods, methodological characteristics and findings were extracted by one reviewer and cross-checked by another. Homogeneity was tested using chi2 tests. Results of plaque and saliva testing were pooled separately using a fixed effects model. Methodological quality of reports was low. Out of 9 studies included, data from 3 reports on plaque test assessment alone (n = 300) and from 4 reports on saliva test assessment alone (n = 451) were available for pooled analysis. The pooled risk ratio (95% CI) was 3.85 (2.48-5.96) in studies using plaque tests and 2.11 (1.47-3.02) in those using saliva testing. Presence of mutans streptococci, both in plaque or saliva of young caries-free children, appears to be associated with a considerable increase in caries risk. Lack of adjustment for potential confounders in the original studies, however, limits the extent to which interpretations for practice can be made.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 16946603
DOI: 10.1159/000094280 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2007The current study undertakes a systematic review of the literature in order to assess how long different formulations (solutions, gels and varnishes) of chlorhexidine... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The current study undertakes a systematic review of the literature in order to assess how long different formulations (solutions, gels and varnishes) of chlorhexidine (CHX) reduce the level of mutans streptococci (MS) in the oral cavity.
SOURCES
A search of the PUBMED and LILACS databases was conducted through October 2005.
STUDY SELECTION
Clinical studies evaluating the effects of CHX solutions, gels, or varnishes on MS levels were targeted (n=52).
CONCLUSIONS
The studies varied greatly in quantity of mouthwash solution used in rinsing, length of rinsing, and treatment frequency and period. CHX mouthwash solution had short-term effect on salivary MS. Most of studies evaluating CHX gel and varnish used a concentration of 1%. The 1% CHX gel showed a significant reduction through intensive treatment (3-4 daily applications over 2 days) or through daily application for 10 and 14 days. It cannot be asserted that 1% CHX varnish provides better results when applied intensively as compared to applications conducted at intervals of 1 or more months. Treatment using 1% CHX varnish displays large variations in the level and length of decreased MS levels. Despite variability in results, 40% CHX varnish has a greater effect on the period of decreased MS levels than does 1% CHX varnish. Studies did not show a statistically significant difference between the gel and the varnish. The effects of CHX treatment must be monitored, given sharp individual variability in response to this treatment.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Dentifrices; Gels; Humans; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Paint; Solutions; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 17391828
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2007.01.007