-
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Obesity Surgery Jan 2016Bariatric surgery has been proven to be a successful management strategy for morbid obesity, but limited studies exist on its effect on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Bariatric surgery has been proven to be a successful management strategy for morbid obesity, but limited studies exist on its effect on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A comprehensive search of electronic databases was completed. Meta-analysis was performed on PCOS, hirsutism, and menstrual irregularity outcomes following bariatric surgery. Thirteen primary studies involving a total of 2130 female patients were identified. The incidence of PCOS preoperatively was 45.6 %, which significantly decreased to 6.8 % (P < 0.001) and 7.1 % (P < 0.0002) at 12-month follow-up and study endpoint, respectively. The incidences of preoperative menstrual irregularity and hirsutism both significantly decreased at 12-month and at study end follow-up. Bariatric surgery effectively attenuates PCOS and its clinical symptomatology including hirsutism and menstrual irregularity in severely obese women.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Menstruation Disturbances; Obesity, Morbid; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 26431698
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1902-5 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2023Hostile masculinity and its components (i.e., sexual dominance, hostility toward women, adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance, and acceptance of interpersonal... (Review)
Review
Hostile masculinity and its components (i.e., sexual dominance, hostility toward women, adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance, and acceptance of interpersonal violence) have received considerable research attention as predictors of male-perpetrated sexual aggression toward women. The current systematic review sought to synthesize and organize the extant literature. Studies were included in the systematic review if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal between the years 1990 and 2020, contained a male sample within the United States, analyzed quantitative data, and examined at least one component of hostile masculinity and its association with sexual aggression. Literature searches were conducted in three academic databases, and additional records were identified through references sections from known hostile masculinity research. A total of 95 articles met inclusion criteria and were integrated into the overview of results. The reviewed literature provided broad support for the association between hostile masculinity and sexual aggression, including evidence for the theoretical framework posited by the confluence model of sexual aggression. Prevention efforts are likely to find success by modifying hostile masculine characteristics among men, particularly within problematic environmental contexts. However, the review also highlighted the need for a uniform conceptualization and operational definition of hostile masculinity. Additionally, empirical work with diverse samples is necessary to determine the scope of generalizability and potential subcultural distinctions. Future research that addresses these limitations will contribute to the understanding and prevention of sexual aggression beyond what is provided by the extant literature.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Masculinity; Hostility; Aggression; Sexual Behavior; Rape
PubMed: 34227432
DOI: 10.1177/15248380211030224 -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Jul 2021The diagnostic accuracy of tests in identifying virilizing tumors in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is limited. This systematic review compares the dexamethasone... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
Dexamethasone suppression test versus selective ovarian and adrenal vein catheterization in identifying virilizing tumors in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The diagnostic accuracy of tests in identifying virilizing tumors in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is limited. This systematic review compares the dexamethasone suppression test against selective ovarian and adrenal vein sampling of androgens in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic causes of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism.
METHODS
Diagnostic test accuracy studies on these index tests in postmenopausal women were selected based on pre-established criteria. The true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative values were extracted and meta-analysis was conducted using the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristics curve method.
RESULTS
The summary sensitivity of the dexamethasone suppression test is 100% (95% CI 0-100%) and that for selective venous sampling is 100% (95% CI 0-100%). The summary specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test is 89.2% (95% CI 85.3-92.2%) and that for selective venous sampling is 100% (95% CI 0.3-100%).
CONCLUSION
There is limited evidence for the use of dexamethasone suppression test or selective venous sampling in identifying virilizing tumors in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Androgens; Catheterization, Peripheral; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Dexamethasone; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Postmenopause; Testosterone
PubMed: 33660585
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1897099 -
Metabolic Surgery on Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated reproductive endocrine disease that is closely related to obesity. Metabolic surgery ameliorates a series of clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
UNLABELLED
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated reproductive endocrine disease that is closely related to obesity. Metabolic surgery ameliorates a series of clinical manifestations and related comorbidities of PCOS. However, the overall efficacy of metabolic surgery on PCOS remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of metabolic surgery on obese patients with PCOS. A systematic literature search for relevant studies was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2021. Data extraction and quality evaluation were performed by three researchers, and RevMan 5.4 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. A total of 14 studies involving 501 obese patients with PCOS were included. Incidence of PCOS in obese women ranged from 5.5% to 63.5% among the included studies. The results showed the incidence of abnormal menstruation decreased from 81% to 15% (OR=0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.08), while the incidence of hirsutism dropped from 71% to 38% (OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.74). Serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels decreased by 25.92 ng/dL (MD = -25.92, 95% CI: -28.90- -22.93) and 2.28 ng/dL (SMD = -2.28, 95% CI: -3.67- -0.89), respectively. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increased by 26.46 nmol/L (MD = 26.46, 95% CI: 12.97-39.95). Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels decreased by 1.29 ng/mL (MD = -1.29, 95% CI: -1.92- -0.66). Small sample size studies revealed that pregnancy rates ranged from 95.2% to 100% postoperatively. Metabolic surgery contributed to marked improvement of abnormal menstruation, hirsutism, and levels of free testosterone, total testosterone, SHBG, and AMH in patients with PCOS. Our findings indicate that patients with PCOS are expected to benefit from metabolic surgery, and could help potentially improve their reproductive outcomes. Metabolic surgery could thus be a new viable option for the clinical treatment of PCOS.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021251524.
Topics: Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Bariatric Surgery; Female; Hirsutism; Humans; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 35360056
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.848947 -
PloS One 2019Boys and young men have unique health-related needs that may be poorly met by existing programs and initiatives. The mismatch between the needs of boys and young men and...
Boys and young men have unique health-related needs that may be poorly met by existing programs and initiatives. The mismatch between the needs of boys and young men and current service offerings-driven largely by social determinants of health such as masculinity-may stymie health status. This is evidenced through high rates of self-stigma, accidental death or suicide, and low rates of help seeking and health literacy among populations of boys and young men. With growing interest in improving wellbeing and educational outcomes for all young people (including boys and young men), this systematic review aimed to evaluate community and school-based programs with specific focus on program features and outcomes directly relevant to young males aged 12-25 years. Five data-bases were searched; Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, ERIC, and ERAD. Articles were included if they evaluated an intervention or program with a general or at-risk sample of young men, and measured a psychological, psychosocial, masculinity, or educational outcome. The majority of the 40 included studies had high quality reporting (62.5%). Synthesised data included theoretical frameworks, intervention characteristics, outcomes, and key results. Of the included studies, 14 were male-focussed programs, with masculinity approaches directed towards program aims and content information. The emergent trend indicated that male-targeted interventions may be more beneficial for young men than gender-neutral programs, however, none of these studies incorporated masculine-specific theory as an overarching framework. Furthermore, only three studies measured masculine-specific variables. Studies were limited by a lack of replication and program refinement approaches. It is concluded that there is significant scope for further development of community and school-based health promotion programs that target young men through incorporation of frameworks that consider the impact of gendered social and environmental determinants of health. Evaluation of these programs will provide researchers and practitioners with the capacity for translating beneficial outcomes into best-practice policy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Health Status; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Men; School Health Services; Schools; Suicide; Young Adult
PubMed: 31107908
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216955 -
BMJ Open Jun 2019To understand help-seeking by male victims of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and their experiences of support services by systematically identifying qualitative and...
OBJECTIVES
To understand help-seeking by male victims of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and their experiences of support services by systematically identifying qualitative and mixed-method studies and thematically synthesising their findings.
DESIGN
Systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. Searches were conducted in 12 databases and the grey literature with no language or date restrictions. Quality appraisal of the studies was carried out using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Reviewers extracted first and second order constructs related to help-seeking, identified themes and combined them by interpretative thematic synthesis.
SETTING
DVA experienced by male victims and defined as any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse among people aged 18 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality.
PARTICIPANTS
Male victims of DVA.
INTERVENTIONS
Any intervention which provides practical and/or psychological support to male victims of DVA including but not limited to DVA-specific services, primary healthcare and sexual health clinics.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Qualitative data describing help-seeking experiences and interactions with support services of male victims of domestic violence RESULTS: We included twelve studies which were published between 2006 and 2017. We grouped nine themes described over two phases (a) : fear of disclosure, challenge to masculinity, commitment to relationship, diminished confidence/despondency and invisibility/perception of services; and (b) : initial contact, confidentiality, appropriate professional approaches and inappropriate professional approaches.
CONCLUSION
The recent publication of the primary studies suggests a new interest in the needs of male DVA victims. We have confirmed previously identified barriers to help-seeking by male victims of DVA and provide new insight into barriers and facilitators to service provision.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42016039999.
Topics: Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; Humans; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Qualitative Research; Social Support
PubMed: 31186243
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021960 -
Psychological Trauma : Theory,... Sep 2020Masculinity ideologies have been associated with negative mental health outcomes. However, little is known regarding the link between masculinity ideologies and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Masculinity ideologies have been associated with negative mental health outcomes. However, little is known regarding the link between masculinity ideologies and posttraumatic stress (PTS). This review aims to provide insight into this association by synthesizing available empirical research.
METHOD
The databases Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubPsych were systematically searched for quantitative studies published up to 2018 in English language reporting on the association between masculinity ideologies and PTS. Results were narratively reviewed and synthesized in a multilevel meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Eleven studies were included in the narrative review, while 10 studies provided effect sizes that were included in the meta-analysis. Samples mainly consisted of male veterans. The weighted mean effect size of the association between masculinity ideologies and PTS was r = .22. Studies including a clearly identifiable sample of trauma survivors reported a significantly smaller association than studies that did not specify the occurrence of a traumatic event. A narrative review of results showed that masculinity ideologies prescribing restrictive emotionality were more strongly associated with PTS relative to other masculine norms. Findings were limited regarding the influence of race and gender.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that interventions aimed at trauma survivors may benefit from addressing deficits in emotion regulation resulting from masculinity ideologies. However, more research is needed to understand how masculinity ideologies and PTS interact with conditions such as trauma type, gender, or race. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Emotional Regulation; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 32538656
DOI: 10.1037/tra0000578 -
Clinical Endocrinology Oct 2010Prenatal treatment with dexamethasone to prevent virilization in pregnancies at risk for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) remains controversial. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Prenatal dexamethasone use for the prevention of virilization in pregnancies at risk for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia because of 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analyses.
CONTEXT
Prenatal treatment with dexamethasone to prevent virilization in pregnancies at risk for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies that evaluated the effects of dexamethasone administration during pregnancies at risk for classical CAH because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CYP21A2).
DATA SOURCES
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception through August 2009. Review of reference lists and contact with CAH experts further identified candidate studies.
STUDY SELECTION
Reviewers working independently and in duplicate determined trial eligibility. Eligible studies reported the effects on either foetal or maternal outcomes of dexamethasone administered during pregnancy compared to a control group that did not receive any treatment.
DATA EXTRACTION
Reviewers working independently and in duplicate determined the methodological quality of studies and collected data on patient characteristics, interventions, and outcomes.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We identified only four eligible observational studies (325 pregnancies treated with dexamethasone). The methodological quality of the included studies was overall low. Meta-analysis demonstrates a reduction in foetus virilization measured by Prader score in female foetuses treated with dexamethasone initiated early during pregnancy (weighted mean difference, -2.33, 95% CI, -3.38, -1.27). No deleterious effects of dexamethasone on stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, foetal malformations, neuropsychological or developmental outcomes were found although these data are quite sparse. There was increased oedema and striae in the mothers treated with dexamethasone. There were no data on long-term follow-up of physical and metabolic outcomes in children exposed to dexamethasone.
CONCLUSIONS
The observational nature of the available evidence and the overall small sample size of the whole body of the literature significantly weaken inferences about the benefits and harms of dexamethasone in this setting. Dexamethasone seems to be associated with reduction in foetus virilization without significant maternal or foetal adverse effects. However, this review underscores the current uncertainty and further investigation is clearly needed. The decision about initiating treatment should be based on patients' values and preferences and requires fully informed and consenting parents.
Topics: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Dexamethasone; Female; Fetus; Humans; Pregnancy; Risk; Virilism
PubMed: 20550539
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03826.x -
Psycho-oncology Jun 2019Men with prostate cancer face various body composition and psychosocial challenges following diagnosis. Movement-based interventions such as exercise may represent novel...
OBJECTIVE
Men with prostate cancer face various body composition and psychosocial challenges following diagnosis. Movement-based interventions such as exercise may represent novel strategies to improve these important biopsychosocial changes. This systematic qualitative review aimed to examine the various exercise interventions and their effect on male perception of masculinity, body image, and personal identity.
METHODS
A systematic search across nine electronic databases was conducted in July 2017 and repeated in August 2018. Eligible studies included qualitative works examining masculinity, body image, or personal identity within an exercise intervention. Thematic content analysis allowed for qualitative synthesis across numerous studies.
RESULTS
Six studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion. Four interventions used multimodal aerobic and resistance training, one incorporated aerobic exercise through football practice, and one utilized a home-based aerobic plus yoga program. Exercise was implicated to improve masculinity through creation of a safe community, allowed for refocusing on valued male traits, provided a source of distraction, and offered a means of establishing control over one's illness. Exercise also facilitated a process of self-reflection secondary to changes in physique and helped to re-establish male self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of prostate cancer stage, treatment status, or prior androgen deprivation therapy exposure, both aerobic or aerobic and resistance training exerted positive effects on perceived feelings of masculinity, body image, and personal identity.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Body Image; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 30875710
DOI: 10.1002/pon.5060 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior Oct 2023Sexual and dating violence (SDV) by male youth (≤ 25 years)-including sexual harassment, emotional partner violence, and rape-is a worldwide problem. The goal of...
Sexual and dating violence (SDV) by male youth (≤ 25 years)-including sexual harassment, emotional partner violence, and rape-is a worldwide problem. The goal of this preregistered (PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022281220) systematic review was to map existing SDV prevention programs aimed at male youth, including their characteristics (e.g., content, intensity), intended psychosexual outcomes, and empirically demonstrated effectiveness, guided by the principles of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). We conducted searches in six online databases for published, peer-reviewed quantitative effectiveness studies on multi-session, group focused, and interaction based SDV prevention programs for male youth ending March 2022. After screening of 21,156 hits using PRISMA guidelines, 15 studies on 13 different programs, from four continents were included. Narrative analysis showed, first, broad ranges in program intensity (2-48 h total), and few program curricula included explicit discussion of relevant aspects of the TPB. Second, programs' main intended psychosexual outcomes were to change SDV experiences, or related attitudes, or norms. Third, significant effects were found mostly on longer term behaviors and short-term attitudes. Other theoretical proxies of SDV experiences, such as social norms and perceived behavioral control, were sparsely investigated; thus, program effectiveness on these outcomes remains largely unknown. Assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, moderate to serious risk of bias arose in all studies. We present concrete suggestions for program content, such as explicit attention to victimization and masculinity and discuss best practices for evaluation research, including assessments of program integrity, and examining relevant theoretical proxies of SDV.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adolescent; Intimate Partner Violence; Rape; Sex Offenses; Violence; Sexual Harassment
PubMed: 37226034
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02596-5