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Musculoskeletal Care Dec 2020Cervical spine radiculopathy (CSR) is a disabling condition that has significant negative impacts on a person's mental health, physical functioning and social... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Cervical spine radiculopathy (CSR) is a disabling condition that has significant negative impacts on a person's mental health, physical functioning and social participation. Research has reported variable CSR incidence and prevalence among different populations. To date, no systematic review has been completed investigating the prevalence or incidence of CSR; therefore, our objective was to determine the incidence and/or prevalence of CSR in adults.
DESIGN AND METHOD
A systematic review was conducted including searches of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and CINAHL from inception to February 25, 2020. Studies including data on incidence and/or prevalence of CSR were included. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Hayden, Cote and Bombardier appraisal checklist. Data were analysed narratively.
RESULTS
Nine low- to high-quality studies were included in the final review. Incidence ranged between 0.832 and 1.79 per 1,000 person-years from two high-quality and one low-quality study. Prevalence values ranged from 1.21 to 5.8 per 1,000 from four medium- to high-quality studies. Prevalence values of 1.14% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-1.82] and 1.31% (95% CI: 0.66-1.96) for males and females, respectively, were reported from one medium-quality study. One medium-quality study reported an unadjusted prevalence value of 6.3% for males and females.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review investigating the epidemiology of CSR in an adult population. This review reports a variable incidence rate and prevalence of CSR among specific populations; however, this was based on nine studies. There is a priority to investigate CSR epidemiology across other populations globally and standardising CSR diagnostic criteria.
Topics: Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Radiculopathy
PubMed: 32710604
DOI: 10.1002/msc.1498 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jul 2022Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is an ultra-rare disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined the global epidemiology of...
BACKGROUND
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is an ultra-rare disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined the global epidemiology of this condition.
METHODS
This study estimated the diagnosed incidence and 1-year, 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year period prevalence of AL amyloidosis in 2018 for countries in and near Europe, and in the United States (US), Canada, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Russia. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify country-specific, age- and gender-specific diagnosed incidence of AL amyloidosis and observed survival data-point inputs for an incidence-to-prevalence model. Extrapolations were used to estimate incidence and prevalence for countries without registry or published epidemiological data.
RESULTS
Of 171 publications identified in the SLR, 10 records met the criteria for data extraction, and two records were included in the final incidence-to-prevalence model. In 2018, an estimated 74,000 AL amyloidosis cases worldwide were diagnosed during the preceding 20 years. The estimated incidence and 20-year prevalence rates were 10 and 51 cases per million population, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Orphan medicinal product designation criteria of the European Medicines Agency or Electronic Code of Federal Regulations indicate that a disease must not affect > 5 in 10,000 people across the European Union or affect < 200,000 people in the US. This study provides up-to-date epidemiological patterns of AL amyloidosis, which is vital for understanding the burden of the disease, increasing awareness, and to further research and treatment options.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis; Incidence; Prevalence; Registries; United States
PubMed: 35854312
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02414-6 -
Ophthalmic Epidemiology Dec 2021: Although the impact of uveitis on people's lives is clear, the frequency of this condition is unclear.: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of uveitis.: A... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Although the impact of uveitis on people's lives is clear, the frequency of this condition is unclear.: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of uveitis.: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2019. The quality of the included studies was critically appraised with a grading system based on the Oxford Levels of Evidence. A detailed description of the populations studied and of factors affecting estimates was undertaken. Pooled analyses were conducted using a random-effects approach and expressed as incidence rates per 100,000 with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses by geographical region were conducted along with meta-regression to analyze possible factors for heterogeneity.: A total of 49 studies were included and critically appraised. Twenty-two were population-based, and 27 hospital-based. Heterogeneity was substantial in terms of populations studied, methods for ascertaining uveitis, including definitions, and reporting of results. This was especially important in prevalence studies, with data ranging from 9 to 730 cases per 100,000. For incidence studies, the meta-analysis yielded a pooled incidence of 50.45 per 100.000. The meta-regression showed the geographic region as an important explanatory factor of the heterogeneity between studies.: Population-based estimates of the epidemiology of uveitis vary widely, owing to methodologies employed, definitions of uveitis and geographical regions; the representativeness and generalizability of many epidemiological studies of uveitis are limited.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Prevalence; Uveitis
PubMed: 33557663
DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1882506 -
Archives of Internal Medicine Jun 2012BACKGROUND Smoking is an established risk factor of premature death. However, most pertinent studies primarily relied on middle-aged adults. We performed a systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND Smoking is an established risk factor of premature death. However, most pertinent studies primarily relied on middle-aged adults. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence on the association of smoking with all-cause mortality in people 60 years and older. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in multiple databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge and complemented by cross-referencing to identify cohort studies published before July 2011. Core items of identified studies were independently extracted by 2 reviewers, and results were summarized by standard methods of meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 17 studies from 7 countries. Current smoking was associated with increased all-cause mortality in all studies. Relative mortality (RM) compared with never smokers ranged from 1.2 to 3.4 across studies and was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.65-2.03) in the meta-analysis. A decrease of RM of current smokers with increasing age was observed, but mortality remained increased up to the highest ages. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship of the amount of smoked cigarettes and premature death was observed. Former smokers likewise had an increased mortality (meta-analysis: RM, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.28-1.40), but excess mortality compared with never smokers clearly decreased with duration of cessation. Benefits of smoking cessation were evident in all age groups, including subjects 80 years and older. CONCLUSIONS Smoking remains a strong risk factor for premature mortality also at older age. Smoking cessation is beneficial at any age.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Middle Aged; Mortality, Premature; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors
PubMed: 22688992
DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1397 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Oct 2013We aimed to quantify the relationship between national income and infant and under-five mortality in developing countries. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to quantify the relationship between national income and infant and under-five mortality in developing countries.
DESIGN
We conducted a systematic literature search of studies that examined the relationship between income and child mortality (infant and/or under-five mortality) and meta-analysed their results.
SETTING
Developing countries.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Child mortality (infant and /or under-five mortality).
RESULTS
The systematic literature search identified 24 studies, which produced 38 estimates that examined the impact of income on the mortality rates. Using meta-analysis, we produced pooled estimates of the relationship between income and mortality. The pooled estimate of the relationship between income and infant mortality before adjusting for covariates is -0.95 (95% CI -1.34 to -0.57) and that for under-five mortality is -0.45 (95% CI -0.79 to -0.11). After adjusting for covariates, pooled estimate of the relationship between income and infant mortality is -0.33 (-0.39 to -0.26) while the estimate for under-five mortality is -0.28 (-0.37 to -0.19). If a country has an infant mortality of 50 per 1000 live births and the gross domestic product per capita purchasing power parity increases by 10%, the infant mortality will decrease to 45 per 1000 live births.
CONCLUSION
Income is an important determinant of child survival and this work provides a pooled estimate for the relationship.
Topics: Child; Child Mortality; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Humans; Income; Infant; Infant Mortality
PubMed: 23824332
DOI: 10.1177/0141076813489680 -
The Canadian Journal of Neurological... Apr 2016Population-based prevalence and incidence studies are essential for understanding the burden of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Population-based prevalence and incidence studies are essential for understanding the burden of frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
METHODS
The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify population-based publications from 1985 to 2012, addressing the incidence and/or prevalence of FTD. References of included articles and prior systematic reviews were searched for additional studies. Two reviewers screened all abstracts and full-text reviews, abstracted data and performed quality assessments.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were included. Methodological limitations led to wide ranges in the estimates for prevalence (point prevalence 0.01-4.6 per 1000 persons; period prevalence 0.16-31.04 per 1000 persons) and incidence (0.0-0.3 per 1000 person-years). FTD accounted for an average of 2.7% (range 0-9.1%) of all dementia cases among prevalence studies that included subjects 65 and older compared to 10.2% (range 2.8-15.7%) in studies restricted to those aged less than 65. The cumulative numbers of male (373 [52.5%]) and female (338 [47.5%]) cases from studies reporting this information were nearly equal (p=0.18). The behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD) was almost four times as common as the primary progressive aphasias.
CONCLUSIONS
Population-based estimates for the epidemiology of FTD varied widely in the included studies. Refinements in the diagnostic process, possibly by the use of validated biomarkers or limiting case ascertainment to specialty services, are needed to obtain more precise estimates of the prevalence and incidence of FTD.
Topics: Female; Frontotemporal Dementia; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence
PubMed: 27307130
DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.25 -
The Canadian Journal of Neurological... Apr 2016Population-based prevalence and incidence studies are essential for understanding the societal burden of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Population-based prevalence and incidence studies are essential for understanding the societal burden of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).
METHODS
The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify publications addressing the incidence and/or prevalence of DLB. References of included articles and prior systematic reviews were searched for additional studies. Two reviewers screened all abstracts and full-text reviews, abstracted data and performed quality assessments.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included. Incidence rates ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 per 1000 person-years. DLB accounted for 3.2-7.1% of all dementia cases in the incidence studies. Point and period prevalence estimates ranged from 0.02 to 63.5 per 1000 persons. Increasing prevalence estimates were reported with increasing age. DLB accounted for from 0.3 to 24.4% of all cases of dementia in the prevalence studies.
CONCLUSIONS
DLB becomes more common with increasing age and accounts for about 5% of all dementia cases in older populations.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Lewy Body Disease; Prevalence
PubMed: 27307129
DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.2 -
The Lancet. Public Health May 2021Prisons are recognised as high-risk environments for tuberculosis, but there has been little systematic investigation of the global and regional incidence and prevalence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Prisons are recognised as high-risk environments for tuberculosis, but there has been little systematic investigation of the global and regional incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis, and its determinants, in prisons. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations by geographical region.
METHODS
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and the LILACS electronic database from Jan 1, 1980, to Nov 15, 2020, for cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, incidence of tuberculosis, or prevalence of tuberculosis among incarcerated individuals in all geographical regions. We extracted data from individual studies, and calculated pooled estimates of incidence and prevalence through hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression modelling. We also did subgroup analyses by region. Incidence rate ratios between prisons and the general population were calculated by dividing the incidence of tuberculosis in prisons by WHO estimates of the national population-level incidence.
FINDINGS
We identified 159 relevant studies; 11 investigated the incidence of M tuberculosis infection (n=16 318), 51 investigated the incidence of tuberculosis (n=1 858 323), and 106 investigated the prevalence of tuberculosis (n=6 727 513) in incarcerated populations. The overall pooled incidence of M tuberculosis infection among prisoners was 15·0 (95% credible interval [CrI] 3·8-41·6) per 100 person-years. The incidence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 person-years) among prisoners was highest in studies from the WHO African (2190 [95% CrI 810-4840] cases) and South-East Asia (1550 [240-5300] cases) regions and in South America (970 [460-1860] cases), and lowest in North America (30 [20-50] cases) and the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region (270 [50-880] cases). The prevalence of tuberculosis was greater than 1000 per 100 000 prisoners in all global regions except for North America and the Western Pacific, and highest in the WHO South-East Asia region (1810 [95% CrI 670-4000] cases per 100 000 prisoners). The incidence rate ratio between prisons and the general population was much higher in South America (26·9; 95% CrI 17·1-40·1) than in other regions, but was nevertheless higher than ten in the WHO African (12·6; 6·2-22·3), Eastern Mediterranean (15·6; 6·5-32·5), and South-East Asia (11·7; 4·1-27·1) regions.
INTERPRETATION
Globally, people in prison are at high risk of contracting M tuberculosis infection and developing tuberculosis, with consistent disparities between prisons and the general population across regions. Tuberculosis control programmes should prioritise preventive interventions among incarcerated populations.
FUNDING
US National Institutes of Health.
Topics: Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Prevalence; Prisoners; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 33765455
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00025-6 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Aug 2022The aim of this study was to quantify the global epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), alongside the incidence of liver transplantation, cancer, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
The aim of this study was to quantify the global epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), alongside the incidence of liver transplantation, cancer, and death, through robust systematic review of population-based data.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to and including June 30, 2020 to identify population-based studies reporting the incidence and/or prevalence of PSC. Studies that did not report original data, or of exclusively pediatric-onset disease (diagnosis age <16 years) or exclusively PSC-associated with inflammatory bowel disease were excluded.
RESULTS
Of 4922 published studies, 17 fulfilled inclusion criteria; 16 documenting incidence and 14 prevalence. The highest reported incidence of PSC was reported in Northern Europe (Finland, 1.58 and Norway, 1.3 per-100,000 population, respectively) and North America (Minnesota, 1.47); with the lowest being observed across the Mediterranean Basin (Italy, 0.1). Prevalence ranged from 31.7 in Finland and 23.99 in Minnesota, to 1.33 in Singapore and 0.0 in Alaska. Of studies reporting temporal occurrence, an increase in disease incidence was observed across North America and Northern Europe (4 studies), alongside an increase in prevalence over time (4 studies). The incidence and risks for clinical outcomes were presented by 9 of the included studies. Median transplant-free survival ranged from 9.7 (United States) to 20.6 years (Netherlands), with standardized mortality ratios of 2.5 and 4.2 compared with the control population. The standardized incidence of cholangiocarcinoma ranged from 235 (Finland) to 398 (Netherlands).
CONCLUSIONS
Estimates of PSC incidence and prevalence vary, with most studies conducted in North America and Western Europe; the latter showing a steady increase in disease occurrence over time. Further research is needed to understand changes in disease epidemiology, including etiological drivers, the implications of rising case burden on health care policy, and better appreciation of PSC in the developing world.
Topics: Adolescent; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Child; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Humans; Incidence; Prevalence
PubMed: 34474162
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.08.039 -
American Journal of Public Health Jul 2021To determine the impact of disaggregated mortality and health surveillance data on the ability to identify health disparities for American Indian and Alaska Native... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Identifying Disparities in Health Outcomes and Mortality for American Indian and Alaska Native Populations Using Tribally Disaggregated Vital Statistics and Health Survey Data.
To determine the impact of disaggregated mortality and health surveillance data on the ability to identify health disparities for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) subpopulations. We conducted a systematic review of reporting categories for AI/AN decedents on official death certificates for all 50 US states. Using public data from the 2017-2018 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess disparities in health conditions and outcomes for tribally enrolled and non‒tribally enrolled AI/AN persons compared with non-Hispanic Whites. There was no standard for the collection of tribal enrollment data or AI/AN race on death certificates across all 50 states. There were stark differences in the incidence and prevalence of various health risk factors and chronic diseases for the tribally enrolled AI/AN subpopulation, non‒tribally enrolled AI/AN subpopulation, and non-Hispanic White comparison group. The collection of tribal enrollment data in vital statistics and health surveillance systems is necessary to identify and respond to health disparities among AI/AN subpopulations. These efforts must be conducted in partnership with tribal nations and consider Indigenous data sovereignty.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Alaska Natives; American Indian or Alaska Native; Cause of Death; Forecasting; Health Surveys; Healthcare Disparities; Incidence; Mortality; Multivariate Analysis; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; United States; Vital Statistics
PubMed: 34314207
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306427