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Developmental Medicine and Child... Sep 2023To assess the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions among adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare them to the prevalence and incidence among adults without... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To assess the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions among adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare them to the prevalence and incidence among adults without CP.
METHOD
We searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of one or more chronic conditions among adults with CP. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Two independent reviewers extracted data relating to prevalence and incidence and appraised study quality. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to pool prevalence and incidence.
RESULTS
We identified 69 studies; 65 reported the prevalence of 53 conditions and 13 reported the incidence of 21 conditions. At least 20% of adults had the following conditions: depression (21%); anxiety (21%); mood affective disorders (23%); asthma (24%); hypertension (26%); epilepsy (28%); urinary incontinence (32%); malnutrition (38%); and scoliosis (46%). Adults with CP were more likely to have type 2 diabetes, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, cerebrovascular disease, asthma, liver disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, underweight, and chronic kidney disease than adults without CP.
INTERPRETATION
These data from 18 countries, which provide an international perspective, may be used to promote awareness, identify targets for intervention, and inform the development of appropriate supports for adults with CP.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Cerebral Palsy; Prevalence; Incidence; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypertension; Asthma; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 36807150
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15526 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Jul 2012Life expectancy has dramatically expanded, the global population has aged unprecedentedly and the number of centenarians has significantly increased. The analysis of... (Review)
Review
Life expectancy has dramatically expanded, the global population has aged unprecedentedly and the number of centenarians has significantly increased. The analysis of autopsy series, cancer registries data, vital statistics and surveys specific to this age group allows unique observations with respect to incidence and prevalence, cause of death by cancer, frequency of primary tumours, metastatic patterns, occurrence of incidental cancers and of multiple primary tumours. Data analysis demonstrates how cancer incidence and cause of death present a threefold decrease after age 90 and reach 0-4% above age 100. In addition, the number of metastatic sites are remarkably less and incidental malignant tumours or multiple primary cancers are more frequent, indicating that cancer in centenarians carries a more indolent behaviour. The unique features of malignant tumours in this population is hereby presented and discussed following a systematic review of the available literature. Cancer in the very elderly is relatively uncommon as a disease and as a cause of death. It is characterized by a slow growth and a modest life-threatening potential.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Humans; Life Expectancy; Neoplasms; Prevalence; Registries
PubMed: 22024388
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.09.007 -
Journal of Neurology Sep 2023Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are progressive neurodegenerative syndromes characterised by Parkinsonism with additional features... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are progressive neurodegenerative syndromes characterised by Parkinsonism with additional features including cognitive dysfunction, falls, and oculomotor abnormalities. Understanding the epidemiology of these conditions is critical to planning for future service provision.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting incidence and prevalence of CBS and PSP. A search of the PubMed and EMBASE data bases was conducted from their date of inception to 13th July 2021. Meta-analysis of studies sharing similar methodologies was carried out to generate estimated pooled prevalence and incidence.
RESULTS
We found 32 studies meeting our criteria for inclusion. There were 20 studies with data on prevalence and 12 with incidence data of PSP. Prevalence of CBS was reported in eight studies while seven studies reported incidence. Reported estimates of prevalence for PSP ranged from 1.00 (0.9-1.1) to 18 (8-28) per 100,000 while prevalence rates for CBS ranged from 0.83 (0.1-3.0) to 25 (0-59). Incidence rates for PSP and CBS respectively ranged from 0.16 (0.07-0.39) to 2.6 per 100,000 person-years and 0.03 (0-0.18) to 0.8 (0.4-1.3) per 100,000 person-years. A random effects model meta-analysis of studies with similar methodologies yielded a pooled prevalence estimate for PSP of 6.92 (4.33-11.06, I = 89%, τ = 0.3907) and 3.91 (2.03-7.51, I = 72%, τ = 0.2573) per 100,000 for CBS.
CONCLUSION
Studies of the epidemiology of PSP and CBS report highly heterogeneous findings. There is a need for further studies using rigorous phenotyping and the most recent diagnostic criteria to understand the true burden of these conditions.
Topics: Humans; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Incidence; Corticobasal Degeneration; Prevalence; Syndrome
PubMed: 37289323
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11791-2 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2022We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on the association between greenspace exposure and all-sites and site-specific cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on the association between greenspace exposure and all-sites and site-specific cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality in adults. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for original articles published, without language restriction until September 2021. We assessed the risk of bias in each study and the overall quality of evidence for exposure-outcome pairs that were reported in two or more studies. Out of the 18 included studies, cross-sectional studies were the most common study design (n = 8), and most of the studies were conducted in Europe (n = 8). In terms of risk of bias, the majority of cohorts (four out of six) and case-control studies (three out of four) were of good or very good quality, and cross-sectional studies were mostly (five out of eight) of poor quality. Outcomes (incidence, prevalence, mortality) on different cancer sites were reported: lung cancer (n = 9), prostate cancer (n = 4), breast cancer (n = 4), skin cancer (n = 3), colorectal cancer (n = 2), all-sites cancer (n = 2), brain cancer (n = 1), mouth and throat cancer (n = 1), and esophageal cancer (n = 1). The meta-analyses for the breast, lung, and prostate cancer incidence did not show statistically significant associations (for example for breast cancer: hazard ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval: 0.47-1.48). For skin cancer, the available evidence suggests that greenspace could be a potential risk factor. For the other cancers, the evidence was non-conclusive. The overall quality of evidence of all of the exposure-outcome pairs was very low. Given the wide confidence interval of the pooled estimates and very low quality of evidence, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Future large and longitudinal studies are needed to assess the potential association of greenspace exposure with cancers, considering types and quality of greenspace, evaluation of cancer sub-types, and adjustment for a sufficient set of covariates.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Parks, Recreational; Prevalence; Prostatic Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35618130
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156180 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Oct 2022Integrated information on the global prevalence and incidence of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is lacking. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Integrated information on the global prevalence and incidence of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is lacking.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the incidence and prevalence of BP in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Observational studies were included by using databases of Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Subgroup analysis was by continent, age, sex, and country income level. Random-effects model was used. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I statistic.
RESULTS
The global incidence was 0.0419 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0414-0.0424). The incidence was 0.047 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0462-0.0477), 0.0419 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0411-0.0426), 0.0072 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0067-0.0078), 0.003 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0023-0.0039) in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa, respectively; 0.0202 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0196-0.0208) and 0.0181 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0175-0.0188) females and males; 0.001 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.001-0.001), 0.002 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.001-0.002), 0.004 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.004-0.004); 0.007 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.007-0.008), 0.011 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.011-0.012), 0.017 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.015-0.018) for age <50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, and ≥90 years; 0.0038 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0036-0.004112) (I = 99%, p < .05) and 0.0456 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.0450-0.0462) (I = 100%, p < .05). The pooled clinic-based prevalence was 0.79% (95% CI: 0.75%-0.84%), 1.13% (95% CI: 1.06%-1.21%), 0.21% (95% CI: 0.17%-0.26%), and 0.13% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.15%) for Asia, Africa, and Europe.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified the global incidence and prevalence of BP in terms of spatial and population distributions and among various income level. A relatively higher incidence was in Europe, females, older people, and high-income level country. The prevalence was higher in Asia. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity of included studies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Incidence; Prevalence; Pemphigoid, Bullous; North America; Asia; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 35080093
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14797 -
Journal of Reproductive Immunology Dec 2023Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects up to 2.5% of couples of reproductive age. Up to 10% of couples using assisted reproductive technology experience recurrent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects up to 2.5% of couples of reproductive age. Up to 10% of couples using assisted reproductive technology experience recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Immunosuppressive drugs, such as calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), has been proposed for RM and RIF management. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CNIs in RM and RIF treatment. We searched in the three databases. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for statistical analysis. This review included 8 studies involving 1042 women (485 women in the CNIs group and 557 women in the control group). CNI treatment (cyclosporine [CsA] and tacrolimus [TAC]) increases live birth rate (LBR, odds ratio [OR]: 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.93-3.28, p < 0.00001) and clinical pregnancy rate (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.54-4.40, p < 0.0001) and decreases miscarriage rate (OR: 0.45 95% CI: 0.32-0.63, p < 0.00001) when compared to the control. Side effects and obstetric and neonatal complications was similar in both groups. In conclusion, CNIs increased LBR in women with RM and RIF but there is a moderate risk of bias. Subgroup analysis revealed that CNIs improved LBR in women with RM with a low risk of bias. However, in women with RIF, with moderate to high risk of bias. The use of CsA and TAC, in low doses and for a short period, for managing reproductive failures in women seems to be safe, not causing serious side effects nor increasing the risk of obstetric and neonatal complications.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Abortion, Habitual; Pregnancy Rate; Immunosuppressive Agents; Birth Rate; Tacrolimus
PubMed: 37813069
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104157 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jan 2015Celiac disease, an autoimmune disease induced by dietary gluten, is associated with metabolic bone disorders, such as low bone mineral density. However, it is unclear... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Celiac disease, an autoimmune disease induced by dietary gluten, is associated with metabolic bone disorders, such as low bone mineral density. However, it is unclear whether this translates into an association between celiac disease and such hard clinical outcomes as bone fractures.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review and pool the evidence for the relationship of celiac disease with prevalence and incidence of bone fractures.
DATA SOURCES
We systematically searched Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in January 2014 for studies of celiac disease and bone fractures.
STUDY SELECTION
Observational studies of any design, in which bone fracture outcomes were compared in individuals with and without celiac disease were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two investigators independently extracted results from eligible studies.
DATA SYNTHESIS
In the meta-analyses of case-control and cross-sectional studies, bone fractures were almost twice as common in individuals with a clinically diagnosed celiac disease as in those without the disease. In the meta-analyses of prospective studies, celiac disease at baseline was associated with a 30% increase (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14, 1.50) in the risk of any fracture and a 69% increase in the risk of hip fracture (95% CI: 1.10, 2.59). The two studies of unrecognized celiac disease (elevated circulating concentrations of celiac disease-specific autoantibodies but no celiac disease diagnosis) had contradicting findings.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that clinically diagnosed celiac disease and bone fractures co-occur and that celiac disease was associated with an increased risk of hip fractures as well as fractures in general. Further research would be needed to determine whether unrecognized celiac disease is associated with the risk of bone fractures.
Topics: Bone Density; Celiac Disease; Comorbidity; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Prevalence
PubMed: 25279497
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1858 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Dec 2017Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that generally affects the skin, nails and joints. The burden of psoriatic disease in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that generally affects the skin, nails and joints. The burden of psoriatic disease in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains largely unknown. To estimate the burden of psoriasis in LAC. We conducted a systematic review following the MOOSE and PRISMA statements. We searched published studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and CENTRAL from 1st January 2000 to 5th August 2015. We included studies that reported incidence, prevalence, health resource use and health expenditures, treatment patterns, comparative effectiveness of different drugs, patients reported outcomes, adherence to treatment and patient preferences in LAC. Risk of bias was assessed evaluating selection of participants, control of cofounders, measurement of exposure and outcome and conflict of interest. Pairs of reviewers independently selected, extracted and assessed the bias risk of the studies. The systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016038325). A total of 18 studies from 12 LAC countries were included. Most were observational studies, between which there was a large heterogeneity of outcomes. Population-based studies were not found and most data came from hospital registries. One study reported an incidence of psoriatic arthritis in 6.26 cases per 100 000 person-years. Another study found an incidence of psoriasis 1020 per 100 000 patient-year attending at a dermatology clinic. The prevalence reported in the Argentinean health service was 74 cases per 100 000. Further, psoriasis has been shown to have a substantial negative impact on quality of life. A number of studies also indicated that non-communicable disease burden increases with the presence and severity of psoriasis. With regard to treatment pattern, methotrexate was the dominant systemic therapy. In conclusion, there is an important lack of information from LAC concerning the burden of psoriasis. Further studies investigating the burden of psoriasis in representative LAC populations are needed.
Topics: Caribbean Region; Humans; Incidence; Latin America; Prevalence; Psoriasis
PubMed: 28608530
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14393 -
Medicine Sep 2017In this study, we evaluated whether increased risks of mortality and cancer incidence exist among butchers worldwide. To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In this study, we evaluated whether increased risks of mortality and cancer incidence exist among butchers worldwide. To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the correlations of the risks of cancer death and incidence with male and female butchers.
METHODS
We obtained data by performing a comprehensive literature search in several databases for eligible studies published before March 2017. Multivariable-adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and odds ratio (OR), as well as associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and those by subgroups, were extracted and pooled.
RESULTS
A total of 17 observational studies comprising 397,726 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The butcher occupation was not associated with all-cancer mortality risk, with pooled overall SMRs of 1.07 (95% CI 0.96-1.20). However, the pooled ORs revealed that butchers hold an elevated risk of total cancer incidence (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.33-1.73). No proof of publication bias was obtained, and the findings were consistent in the subgroup analyses.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that working as butchers did not significantly influence all-cancer mortality risk but significantly contributed to elevated all-cancer incidence risk. Nevertheless, well-designed observational studies on this topic are necessary to confirm and update our findings.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Meat Products; Meat-Packing Industry; Mortality; Neoplasms; Occupational Exposure; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28953674
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008177 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Mar 2021A number of studies have suggested a pathophysiological link between allergic diseases and epilepsy. Understanding the association between allergic diseases and epilepsy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
A number of studies have suggested a pathophysiological link between allergic diseases and epilepsy. Understanding the association between allergic diseases and epilepsy can help establish healthcare policies, implement prevention strategies, and provide a new direction for treatment. The study aimed to examine the association between allergic diseases and epilepsy.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for relevant primary articles. Two individuals independently conducted abstract screening, full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessment. Random-effects models were used to pool the risk estimates.
RESULTS
From the 3124 citations identified, 32 were reviewed in full text. Finally, 11 studies with a total of 3,312,033 subjects were eligible for the analyses. Few studies reported the type of epilepsy, and there were inconsistent attempts to control for confounding. The pooled result showed that there was an 81% increase in the prevalence of epilepsy among individuals with asthma compared with those without asthma (odds ratio: 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.47-2.21). The incidence of epilepsy in patients with eczema was 2.57 (95%CI: 1.54-4.27). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that no single study qualitatively influenced the pooled OR. All funnel plots were asymmetric upon visual inspection, suggesting publication bias.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that patients with allergic diseases might have a high risk of epilepsy. Additional high-quality primary studies are required to confirm the association, obtain information regarding the mechanism of association, and determine prevention opportunities.
Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Incidence; Odds Ratio; Prevalence
PubMed: 33556864
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107770