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Frontiers in Oncology 2018Studies on serum one-carbon metabolism factors (folate, B6, B12, homocysteine, and methionine) with lung cancer (LC) risk have produced inconsistent results. We aimed...
Studies on serum one-carbon metabolism factors (folate, B6, B12, homocysteine, and methionine) with lung cancer (LC) risk have produced inconsistent results. We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between them. This study was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement and was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42018086654). Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and CNKI up to February 2018. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR), as well as their 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was also assessed. A total of 14 articles (8,097 patients) were included. The concentration of serum folate and vitamin B6 of LC patients were lower than the controls [SMD -0.53, 95% CI (-0.70, -0.35), = 0.001 and SMD -0.28, 95%CI (-0.53, -0.02), = 0.001, respectively]. While the concentration of homocysteine of the cases was higher than the controls [SMD 0.41, 95% CI (0.24, 0.59), = 0.001]. However, there were no significant differences between LC patients and the controls in terms of vitamin B12 and methionine [SMD -0.09, 95% CI (-0.27, 0.09), = 0.202 and SMD -0.13, 95% CI (-0.36, 0.10), = 0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that these results were more significant in Europe, Asia, former and current smokers, and the male population (-value < 0.05). Serum folate and vitamin B6 might be protective factors against lung carcinogenesis and homocysteine could contribute to LC risk.
PubMed: 30430082
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00493 -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and... Aug 2017It has been suggested that pyridoxine has an antilactogenic effect. Studies of the efficacy of pyridoxine in suppressing lactation have reported conflicting results. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE
It has been suggested that pyridoxine has an antilactogenic effect. Studies of the efficacy of pyridoxine in suppressing lactation have reported conflicting results. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of high-dose pyridoxine in post-partum lactation inhibition.
METHODS
This systematic review included published trials that compared the efficacy and/or safety of pyridoxine to placebo or to other pharmacological agents for the inhibition of post-partum lactation. We searched PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, AMED, the Cochrane library and the clinical trials registry to identify relevant literature. No limit was imposed on the year of publication of the studies, and the review included studies published until 15 January 2016. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Seven studies were included, with a total of 1155 women, of which 471 women received pyridoxine. Three studies were randomized controlled trials, whereas the remaining four studies were non-randomized controlled trials. All of the included studies were relatively small (n=18-482). The studies compared pyridoxine with placebo, bromocriptine and/or stilboestrol. Pyridoxine was given orally, with a total daily dose of 450-600 mg for 5-7 days. Two trials (n=349 participants) indicated that pyridoxine was effective in inhibiting lactation in approximately 95% of the enrolled patients. All other studies failed to demonstrate pyridoxine efficacy through either clinical assessment or prolactin level measurements. Pyridoxine safety was assessed by two trials in which no serious untoward side effects were reported. Overall, the risk of bias for most of the studies was low to moderate.
WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION
Current evidence supporting the effectiveness of high-dose pyridoxine in the inhibition of post-partum lactation is inconsistent and insufficient. Larger randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of pyridoxine in post-partum lactation inhibition.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Lactation; Postpartum Period; Pyridoxine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28425124
DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12526 -
Surgery For Obesity and Related... Feb 2019Up to 80% of patients who undergo bariatric surgery are women of childbearing age. Coupled with improved fertility in women with obesity after bariatric surgery,... (Review)
Review
Up to 80% of patients who undergo bariatric surgery are women of childbearing age. Coupled with improved fertility in women with obesity after bariatric surgery, pregnancy postbariatric surgery has become increasingly more common. Although numerous studies have evaluated associations of bariatric surgery with pregnancy outcomes, the effect of maternal nutritional status on maternal and perinatal outcomes is not well established. We used Medline and Embase databases and a manual search of references for articles published until June 2018 to conduct a systematic review on nutritional status after bariatric surgery and its association with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Of the 306 initially identified articles, 27 met the study inclusion criteria, comprising 2056 women with pregnancies after bariatric surgery. Deficiencies were reported in maternal concentrations of vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, C, D, K, iron, calcium, selenium, and phosphorous. The only adverse events documented for these deficiencies encountered during pregnancy were anemia (vitamin B12, iron), night blindness (vitamin A), and urinary tract infections (vitamin A, D). This systematic review suggests that various micronutrient deficiencies are common among pregnant postbariatric surgery patients. Nevertheless, despite the concern that these deficiencies could adversely affect pregnancy outcomes (e.g., lower neonatal birth weight), evidence of such is lacking. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings and better delineate the optimal supplementation regimen during pregnancy after bariatric surgery.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Female; Humans; Maternal Health; Nutritional Status; Obesity, Morbid; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 30658948
DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.11.018 -
Public Health Nutrition Jun 2000While iron deficiency is regarded as the major cause of nutritional anaemia, changes in vitamins A, B12, C and E, folic acid and riboflavin status have also been linked... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
While iron deficiency is regarded as the major cause of nutritional anaemia, changes in vitamins A, B12, C and E, folic acid and riboflavin status have also been linked to its development and control. This paper provides a systematic review of vitamin supplementation trials relating to the control of nutritional anaemia.
METHODS
A MEDLINE search was used to find reports of vitamin supplementation trials that reported changes in anaemia or iron status.
RESULTS
Vitamin A can improve haematological indicators and enhance the efficacy of iron supplementation. Both folate and vitamin B12 can cure and prevent megaloblastic anaemia. Riboflavin enhances the haematological response to iron, and its deficiency may account for a significant proportion of anaemia in many populations. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of dietary iron, although population-based data showing its efficacy in reducing anaemia or iron deficiency are lacking. Vitamin E supplementation given to preterm infants has not reduced the severity of the anaemia of prematurity. Vitamin B6 effectively treats sideroblastic anaemia. Multivitamin supplementation may raise haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, but few studies have isolated the effect of multivitamins from iron on haematological status.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, the public health impact of vitamin supplementation in controlling anaemia is not clear. Neither are the complex interactions involving multiple vitamins in haematopoiesis sufficiently understood to explain the observed variability in haematological responses to vitamins by age, population, vitamin mixture and dosages. Further research is needed to understand the roles of individual and combined vitamin deficiencies on anaemia to design appropriate micronutrient interventions to prevent anaemia.
Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Dietary Supplements; Global Health; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Vitamins
PubMed: 10948381
DOI: 10.1017/s1368980000000173 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2023Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of 14 treatments including a total of 10 dietary antioxidants on the risk of prostate cancer. Material and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of 14 treatments including a total of 10 dietary antioxidants on the risk of prostate cancer. Material and methods: we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of these 10 antioxidants on the risk of getting prostate cancer. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Data extraction: studies were appraised by two investigators and data were extracted. Using a surface under cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probability, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the relative ranking of agents. Results: from the earliest accessible date through August 2022, RCTs were gathered. A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included with a total sample size of 73,365 males. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that green tea catechins (GTCs) significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer (SUCRA, 88.6 %) followed by vitamin D (SUCRA, 55.1 %), vitamin B6 (54.1 %), and folic acid was the lowest (22.0 %). Conclusion: based on the Ranking Plot of the Network, we can state that GTCs might have an impact on the prevention of prostate cancer compared to other dietary antioxidants, but we still need quality literature to further prove it.
Topics: Male; Humans; Antioxidants; Network Meta-Analysis; Vitamins; Folic Acid; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37154035
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04558 -
Meat Science Jul 2022Shifts in wellbeing and health occur as we age. As life expectancy increases, maintenance of wellbeing and health becomes increasingly important. Nutrients found in beef... (Review)
Review
The potential role of beef and nutrients found in beef on outcomes of wellbeing in healthy adults 50 years of age and older: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Shifts in wellbeing and health occur as we age. As life expectancy increases, maintenance of wellbeing and health becomes increasingly important. Nutrients found in beef are associated with outcomes of wellbeing such as physical and cognitive function, lean body mass, and mood in older adults and individuals with chronic disease. However, it is unclear how beef and nutrients found in beef impact wellbeing in healthy adults ≥50 years of age. This study systematically reviewed evidence linking the intake of beef and nutrients found in beef to markers of wellbeing in healthy adults. PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched up to August 31, 2021 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Nutrients included in the analysis were beef, red meat, dietary protein, essential amino acids, branched chain amino acids, tryptophan, arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, zinc, and iron. We identified nine RCTs with results from 55 measurements of markers of wellbeing. An overall positive effect was found of beef and beef's nutrients on wellbeing. There was an overall positive effect of amino acids and protein on wellbeing, with no effect of arginine, vitamin B-12, leucine, and zinc. Physical function was also influenced by beef and nutrients found in beef. Eight of the studies found focused on specific nutrients found in beef, and not beef itself in older adults with one or more chronic diseases. This study identified a need for further research regarding the effect of beef and nutrients found in beef on defined functional outcomes of wellbeing in healthy adults ≥50 years of age.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cattle; Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Nutrients; Zinc; Amino Acids; Arginine
PubMed: 35483315
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108830 -
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Aug 2020There is a possible relationship between migraine and hypercoagulability inducing factors, such as hyperhomocysteinemia. In this context, homocysteine (Hcy)-lowering...
There is a possible relationship between migraine and hypercoagulability inducing factors, such as hyperhomocysteinemia. In this context, homocysteine (Hcy)-lowering vitamins (B6-folate-B12) may prove beneficial in the management-prophylaxis of migraine. We performed a systematic literature search in order to retrieve studies assessing the supplementation of B6, folate and B12 (alone or as adjunctive therapies) to migraine patients, as well as patients suffering from other primary headache disorders. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, trial registries and OpenGrey were searched. Twelve relevant articles were retrieved. The management of acute migraine attacks with Hcy-lowering vitamins has not provided promising results (one randomized controlled trial-RCT-and one prospective uncontrolled trial). On the contrary, significant benefits were registered for the use of B6 alone, in combination with folate and in combination with folate and B12 in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura (MA) in adults compared to placebo (five RCTs, only one did not obtain significant results). Folate supplementation alone was not more efficacious than placebo (one RCT). Limited data for the prophylaxis of migraine without aura (MO) in children (two prospective uncontrolled trials) and adults (two prospective uncontrolled trials involving both MA and MO participants) impede the extraction of safe conclusions. An overall attractive safety profile was exhibited with gastrointestinal adverse events being the most common. Overall, a potential beneficial effect regarding the administration of B6, folate and/or B12 in the prophylaxis of MA in adults was indicated. Additional high-quality RCTs that will investigate MO in adults as well as MO and MA in children are warranted.
Topics: Drug Therapy, Combination; Folic Acid; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Prospective Studies; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 32279306
DOI: 10.1111/ane.13251 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine May 2012Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are rarely diagnosed in children younger than 2 years, because diagnosis is based entirely on behavioral tests. Oxidative damage may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are rarely diagnosed in children younger than 2 years, because diagnosis is based entirely on behavioral tests. Oxidative damage may play a central role in this pathogenesis, together with the interconnected transmethylation cycle and transsulfuration pathway. In an attempt to clarify and quantify the relationship between oxidative stress-related blood biomarkers and ASDs, a systematic literature review was carried out. For each identified study, mean biomarker levels were compared in cases and controls providing a point estimate, the mean ratio, for each biomarker. After meta-analysis, the ASD patients showed decreased blood levels of reduced glutathione (27%), glutathione peroxidase (18%), methionine (13%), and cysteine (14%) and increased concentrations of oxidized glutathione (45%) relative to controls, whereas superoxide dismutase, homocysteine, and cystathionine showed no association with ASDs. For the C677T allele in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), homozygous mutant subjects (TT) showed a meta-OR of 2.26 (95% CI 1.30-3.91) of being affected by ASD with respect to the homozygous nonmutant (CC). Case-control studies on blood levels of vitamins suggest a lack of association (folic acid and vitamin B12) or rare association (vitamins A, B6, C, D, E). Sparse results were available for other biomarkers (ceruloplasmin, catalase, cysteinylglycine, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, nitric oxide) and for polymorphisms in other genes. Existing evidence is heterogeneous and many studies are limited by small sample size and effects. In conclusion, existing evidence suggests a role for glutathione metabolism, the transmethylation cycle, and the transsulfuration pathway, although these findings should be interpreted with caution, and larger, more standardized studies are warranted.
Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Child, Preschool; Glutathione; Humans; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Oxidative Stress; Vitamins
PubMed: 22542447
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.011 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2005The use of mega-vitamin intervention began in the 1950s with the treatment of schizophrenic patients. Pyroxidine (vitamin B6) was first used with children diagnosed with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The use of mega-vitamin intervention began in the 1950s with the treatment of schizophrenic patients. Pyroxidine (vitamin B6) was first used with children diagnosed with "autism syndrome" when speech and language improvement was observed in some children as a result of large doses of B6. A number of studies attempted to assess the effects of vitamin B6-Magnesium (Mg) was found to reduce undesirable side effects from B6) on characteristics such as verbal communication, non-verbal communication, interpersonal skills, and physiological function, in individuals with autism.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy of vitamin B6 and magnesium (B6-Mg) for treating social, communication, and behavioural responses of children and adults with autism.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2002), EMBASE (1980 to January 2002), PsycINFO (1887 to January 2002), Dissertation Abstracts International (1861 to January 2002). The search engine FirstSearch was also used (January 2002). All searches were updated in April 2005. Reference lists for all the obtained studies and other review articles were examined for additional studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All studies in which the participants had been diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder were randomly allocated prior to intervention and in which outcomes were compared to either a placebo or non-treated group were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently evaluated and extracted data from all potential studies identified for inclusion.
MAIN RESULTS
This update includes a new trial (Kuriyama 2002) to bring the total of included studies to three (total n=33). One study, which used a cross-over design (Tolbert 1993) provided insufficient data to conduct an analysis. Another crossover study (Findling 1997) yielded no significant differences between treatment and placebo group performances following the B6 intervention on measures of social interaction, communication, compulsivity, impulsivity, or hyperactivity. The latest study (Kuriyama 2002) was motivated by evidence from epilepsy research and was focussed on a subgroup of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) who exhibited clinical features similar to those with pyroxidine-dependent epilepsy. This small study (n=8) only measured IQ and 'Social Quotient' and found a statistically significant benefit for IQ (5.2, 95% CI = [0.2 to 10.3]) when in the treated group, by using change scores.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Due to the small number of studies, the methodological quality of studies, and small sample sizes, no recommendation can be advanced regarding the use of B6-Mg as a treatment for autism.
Topics: Adult; Autistic Disorder; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Magnesium; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 16235322
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003497.pub2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2015Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) mainly due to development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In absence of definitive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) mainly due to development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In absence of definitive treatments of DKD, small studies showed that vitamin B may help in delaying progression of DKD by inhibiting vascular inflammation and endothelial cell damage. Hence, it could be beneficial as a treatment option for DKD.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the benefits and harms of vitamin B and its derivatives in patients with DKD.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register to 29 October 2012 through contact with the Trials' Search Co-ordinator using search terms relevant to this review.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials comparing vitamin B or its derivatives, or both with placebo, no treatment or active treatment in patients with DKD. We excluded studies comparing vitamin B or its derivatives, or both among patients with pre-existing ESKD.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently assessed study eligibility, risk of bias and extracted data. Results were reported as risk ratio (RR) or risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using the random-effects model.
MAIN RESULTS
Nine studies compared 1354 participants randomised to either vitamin B or its derivatives with placebo or active control were identified. A total of 1102 participants were randomised to single vitamin B derivatives, placebo or active control in eight studies, and 252 participants randomised to multiple vitamin B derivatives or placebo. Monotherapy included different dose of pyridoxamine (four studies), benfotiamine (1), folic acid (1), thiamine (1), and vitamin B12 (1) while combination therapy included folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in one study. Treatment duration ranged from two to 36 months. Selection bias was unclear in three studies and low in the remaining six studies. Two studies reported blinding of patient, caregiver and observer and were at low risk of performance and detection bias, two studies were at high risk bias, and five studies were unclear. Attrition bias was high in one study, unclear in one study and low in seven studies. Reporting bias was high in one study, unclear in one study, and low in the remaining seven studies. Four studies funded by pharmaceutical companies were judged to be at high risk bias, three were at low risk of bias, and two were unclear.Only a single study reported a reduction in albuminuria with thiamine compared to placebo, while second study reported reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) following use of combination therapy. No significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality with pyridoxamine or combination therapy was reported. None of the vitamin B derivatives used either alone or in combination improved kidney function: increased in creatinine clearance, improved the GFR; neither were effective in controlling blood pressure significantly compared to placebo or active control. One study reported a significant median reduction in urinary albumin excretion with thiamine treatment compared to placebo. No significant difference was found between vitamin B combination therapy and control group for serious adverse events, or one or more adverse event per patient. Vitamin B therapy was reported to well-tolerated with mild side effects in studies with treatment duration of more than six months. Studies of less than six months duration did not explicitly report adverse events; they reported that the drugs were well-tolerated without any serious drug related adverse events. None of the included studies reported cardiovascular death, progression from macroalbuminuria to ESKD, progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria, regression from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria, doubling of SCr, and quality of life. We were not able to perform subgroup or sensitivity analyses or assess publication bias due to insufficient data.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is an absence of evidence to recommend the use of vitamin B therapy alone or combination for delaying progression of DKD. Thiamine was found to be beneficial for reduction in albuminuria in a single study; however, there was lack of any improvement in kidney function or blood pressure following the use of vitamin B preparations used alone or in combination. These findings require further confirmation given the limitations of the small number and poor quality of the available studies.
Topics: Albuminuria; Diabetic Nephropathies; Folic Acid; Humans; Pyridoxamine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selection Bias; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins
PubMed: 25579852
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009403.pub2