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Nutrients Apr 2018Vitamin D has been implicated in antenatal depression (AD) and postpartum depression (PPD) in many studies; however, results have been inconsistent due to the complexity... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D has been implicated in antenatal depression (AD) and postpartum depression (PPD) in many studies; however, results have been inconsistent due to the complexity of this association. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Maternity and Infant Care databases for literature addressing associations between vitamin D and AD and PPD. Two independent authors reviewed titles and abstracts of the search results and selected studies for full review. Data were extracted, and a quality rating was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) on the selected studies. A total of 239 studies were identified; 14 were included in the review. The quality assessment of the included studies ranged from moderate to high. Of the studies on PPD, five of nine (55%) showed a significant association between vitamin D and PPD. Five of seven (71%) studies on AD showed a significant association with vitamin D status. As the included studies used different effect estimates and statistical analyses to report the association, it was not possible to transform the existing data into one single effect measure to employ meta-analytic techniques. While results of this systematic review vary, they indicate a significant association between vitamin D status and AD and PD.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Biomarkers; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Status; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Young Adult
PubMed: 29649128
DOI: 10.3390/nu10040478 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Apr 2015Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of studies on the association between vitamin D deficiency and anthropometric state. However, we did not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of studies on the association between vitamin D deficiency and anthropometric state. However, we did not identify any meta-analyses of the relationship between obesity and vitamin D deficiency in different age groups. Thus, we evaluated the association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency. We searched for observational studies published up to April 2014 in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases. We performed a meta-analysis in accordance with the random-effects model to obtain the summary measurement (prevalence ratio, PR). Among the 29,882 articles identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 35% higher in obese subjects compared to the eutrophic group (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21-1.50) and 24% higher than in the overweight group (PR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14-1.34). These results indicate that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was more elevated in obese subjects. The vitamin D deficiency was associated with obesity irrespective of age, latitude, cut-offs to define vitamin D deficiency and the Human Development Index of the study location.
Topics: Age Distribution; Humans; Obesity; Prevalence; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 25688659
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12239 -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Feb 2013There is conflicting evidence about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, and a systematic assessment of the literature has not been available. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
There is conflicting evidence about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, and a systematic assessment of the literature has not been available.
AIMS
To determine the relationship, if any, between vitamin D deficiency and depression.
METHOD
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomised controlled trials was conducted.
RESULTS
One case-control study, ten cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies with a total of 31 424 participants were analysed. Lower vitamin D levels were found in people with depression compared with controls (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI 0.23-0.97) and there was an increased odds ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories in the cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.0-1.71). The cohort studies showed a significantly increased hazard ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.40-3.49).
CONCLUSIONS
Our analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that low vitamin D concentration is associated with depression, and highlight the need for randomised controlled trials of vitamin D for the prevention and treatment of depression to determine whether this association is causal.
Topics: Adult; Confidence Intervals; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Depressive Disorder; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Odds Ratio; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 23377209
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.106666 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency.... (Review)
Review
The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases. One hundred and sixty-two studies were found. There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall, 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES. However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.
Topics: Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye; Glaucoma; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Myopia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 35457041
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084226 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2021To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese children and adolescents when compared to eutrophic controls. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese children and adolescents when compared to eutrophic controls.
METHODS
Systematic review with meta-analysis covering studies with patients aged 0-18 years old diagnosed with obesity and vitamin D deficiency and control group of eutrophic patients. The studies were retrieved in the PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases in December 2019. The search used the terms "obesity" in combination with "pediatric population" and "vitamin D".
RESULTS
Through the search 3155 articles were retrieved; and after analysis, 20 studies were selected according to the study objectives. A total of 24,600 children and adolescents were included. Through meta-analysis, the relative risk for the association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.26-1.59) (I² = 89%, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents with obesity have higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Obesity; Prevalence; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 33022267
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.006 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2012Currently, there is a lack of clarity in the literature as to whether there is a definitive difference between the effects of vitamins D2 and D3 in the raising of serum... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Currently, there is a lack of clarity in the literature as to whether there is a definitive difference between the effects of vitamins D2 and D3 in the raising of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article was to report a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have directly compared the effects of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in humans.
DESIGN
The ISI Web of Knowledge (January 1966 to July 2011) database was searched electronically for all relevant studies in adults that directly compared vitamin D3 with vitamin D2. The Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry, International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number register, and clinicaltrials.gov were also searched for any unpublished trials.
RESULTS
A meta-analysis of RCTs indicated that supplementation with vitamin D3 had a significant and positive effect in the raising of serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared with the effect of vitamin D2 (P = 0.001). When the frequency of dosage administration was compared, there was a significant response for vitamin D3 when given as a bolus dose (P = 0.0002) compared with administration of vitamin D2, but the effect was lost with daily supplementation.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis indicates that vitamin D3 is more efficacious at raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations than is vitamin D2, and thus vitamin D3) could potentially become the preferred choice for supplementation. However, additional research is required to examine the metabolic pathways involved in oral and intramuscular administration of vitamin D and the effects across age, sex, and ethnicity, which this review was unable to verify.
Topics: Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Drug Administration Schedule; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 22552031
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.031070 -
Nutrients Sep 2023Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from... (Review)
Review
Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, and maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections and developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D's mechanisms and effects on enhancing innate and acquired immunity against microbes and preventing autoimmunity. The study evaluated the quality of evidence regarding biology, physiology, and aspects of human health on vitamin D related to infections and autoimmunity in peer-reviewed journal articles published in English. The search and analyses followed PRISMA guidelines. Data strongly suggested that maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations of more than 50 ng/mL is associated with significant risk reduction from viral and bacterial infections, sepsis, and autoimmunity. Most adequately powered, well-designed, randomized controlled trials with sufficient duration supported substantial benefits of vitamin D. Virtually all studies that failed to conclude benefits or were ambiguous had major study design errors. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency costs less than 0.01% of the cost of investigation of worsening comorbidities associated with hypovitaminosis D. Despite cost-benefits, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains high worldwide. This was clear among those who died from COVID-19 in 2020/21-most had severe vitamin D deficiency. Yet, the lack of direction from health agencies and insurance companies on using vitamin D as an adjunct therapy is astonishing. Data confirmed that keeping an individual's serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) (and above 40 ng/mL in the population) reduces risks from community outbreaks, sepsis, and autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such concentrations in 97.5% of people is achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except in countries far from the equator during winter) or taking between 5000 and 8000 IU vitamin D supplements daily (average dose, for non-obese adults, ~70 to 90 IU/kg body weight). Those with gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, or on medications that increase the catabolism of vitamin D and a few other specific disorders require much higher intake. This systematic review evaluates non-classical actions of vitamin D, with particular emphasis on infection and autoimmunity related to the immune system.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Vitamin D; Autoimmunity; COVID-19; Immune System; Autoimmune Diseases; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37686873
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173842 -
Fertility and Sterility Jul 2022To investigate whether a significant association between vitamin D status and the risk of miscarriage or recurrent miscarriage (RM) exists. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether a significant association between vitamin D status and the risk of miscarriage or recurrent miscarriage (RM) exists.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING
Not applicable.
PATIENT(S)
Women with miscarriage and RM.
INTERVENTION(S)
We searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception to May 2021. Randomized and observational studies investigating the association between maternal vitamin D status and miscarriage and/or vitamin D treatment and miscarriage were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
The primary outcome was miscarriage or RM, with vitamin D status used as the predictor of risk. Whether vitamin D treatment reduces the risk of miscarriage and RM was also assessed.
RESULT(S)
Of 902 studies identified, 10 (n = 7,663 women) were included: 4 randomized controlled trials (n = 666 women) and 6 observational studies (n = 6,997 women). Women diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) had an increased risk of miscarriage compared with women who were vitamin D replete (>75 nmol/L) (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-3.02; 4 studies; n = 3,674; I = 18%). Combined analysis, including women who were vitamin D insufficient (50-75 nmol/L) and deficient (<50 nmol/L) compared with women who were replete (>75 nmol/L), found an association with miscarriage (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.30; 6 studies; n = 6,338; I = 35%). Although 4 randomized controlled trials assessed the effect of vitamin D treatment on miscarriage, study heterogeneity, data quality, and reporting bias precluded direct comparison and meta-analysis. The overall study quality was "low" or "very low" using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.
CONCLUSION(S)
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with miscarriage. Whether preconception treatment of vitamin D deficiency protects against pregnancy loss in women at risk of miscarriage remains unknown.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021259899.
Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 35637024
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.04.017 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Psoriasis is a chronic immune-dysregulated inflammatory disease and hypovitaminosis D is considered a risk factor. We conducted an online database search to review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-dysregulated inflammatory disease and hypovitaminosis D is considered a risk factor. We conducted an online database search to review and meta-analyze the relationship between vitamin D, other bone metabolism parameters, and psoriasis. The efficacy of oral vitamin D supplementation in improving Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was also evaluated. Non-original articles, case reports, and animal studies were excluded. Bias risk was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies, respectively. Unstandardized mean differences were used for data synthesis. Twenty-three studies reported serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in 1876 psoriasis patients and 7532 controls. Psoriasis patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than controls (21.0 ± 8.3 vs. 27.3 ± 9.8, < 0.00001). Conversely, 450 psoriasis patients had lower levels of parathormone than 417 controls (38.7 ± 12.8 vs. 43.7 ± 16.5, = 0.015). Four RCTs examined the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on psoriasis for 173 patients and 160 patients were treated with placebo. No significant differences were found in PASI after 3, 6, and 12 months of supplementation. It is shown that 25(OH)D serum levels are significantly lower in psoriasis, but, although the granularity of RCT methodology may have influenced the pooled analysis, vitamin D supplementation did not seem to improve clinical manifestations.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Psoriasis; Vitamin D Deficiency; Calcifediol; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37571324
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153387 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Mar 2021There is evidence that a number of medical conditions and co-morbidities are associated with obesity in young children. This review explored whether there is evidence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Obesity in young children and its relationship with diagnosis of asthma, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency, specific allergies and flat-footedness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
There is evidence that a number of medical conditions and co-morbidities are associated with obesity in young children. This review explored whether there is evidence of associations with other conditions or co-morbidities. Observational studies of young children (mean age < 10 years) were identified using electronic searches of five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED and SPORTDiscus). Of 27 028 studies screened, 41 (comprising 44 comparisons) met the inclusion criteria. These studies provided data on five distinct diseases/conditions: asthma (n = 16), vitamin D deficiency (n = 10), iron deficiency (n = 10), allergies (n = 4) and flat-footedness (n = 4). Thirty-two studies were appropriate for meta-analysis using random-effects models, and revealed obesity was significantly associated with having asthma (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7), vitamin D deficiency (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.5) and iron deficiency (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4-3.2). Heterogeneity (I ) ranged from 57% to 61%. Narrative synthesis was conducted for all studies. There was no evidence of a consistent association between obesity in young children and eczema, dermatitis or rhinitis due to the low number of studies. However, there was an association with flat-footedness. These results have implications for health policy and practice and families. Further research leading to a greater understanding of the associations identified in this review is suggested.
Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Flatfoot; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32808447
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13129