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Journal of Health, Population, and... Jun 2021Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women is a public health concern globally. In India, individual studies report high prevalence. However, lack of national data masks... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women is a public health concern globally. In India, individual studies report high prevalence. However, lack of national data masks the true burden. This work determined the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Three different search engines yielded 15 eligible articles. Study quality was assessed by 10 different criteria and summary of study quality was categorized as per Cochrane standards. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy pregnant women and heterogeneity among selected studies. A sample of n = 4088 was used to study the pooled prevalence among pregnant women.
RESULTS
The random effects combined estimate was 32.35% (95% CI, (12.58-117.48). High heterogeneity (tau = 0.39, I = 100%) and high risk of bias was observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 2.54(P = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Pooled estimate > 30% emphasizes the need for screening through antenatal care services and initiate preventive measures to address the deficiency.
Topics: Female; Humans; India; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Care; Prevalence; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34187594
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00253-y -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jul 2018Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair follicle-specific autoimmune disorder. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with various autoimmune disorders for its immunomodulatory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair follicle-specific autoimmune disorder. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with various autoimmune disorders for its immunomodulatory effects. However, in previous studies, there had been inconsistent association found between AA and vitamin D deficiency.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the differences of the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between AA patients and non-AA population.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on AA and serum vitamin D levels and/or prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was performed searching MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases.
RESULTS
In all, 14 studies including a total of 1255 AA subjects and 784 non-AA control were analysed. The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was significantly lower in AA subjects (-8.52 ng/dL; 95% confidential interval; -5.50 to -11.53). The AA subjects had higher odds of vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio of 3.89; 2.02 to 7.49, mean prevalence of 73.8%; 59.1 to 84.6%). However, it was difficult to find clear correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and extent of hair loss in AA subjects.
CONCLUSION
The AA subjects had lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent compared to non-AA controls. Hence, vitamin D deficiency should be assessed in AA patients. Furthermore, nutritional supplementation of vitamin D or topical vitamin D analogues can be considered for AA patients with vitamin D deficiency. The limitation of this study is the highly heterogeneity of the included studies.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29633370
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14987 -
Minerva Endocrinologica Dec 2014In the last decade, few substances have been discussed as controversially as vitamin D. In the last few years, vitamin D research has now also found its way into the... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, few substances have been discussed as controversially as vitamin D. In the last few years, vitamin D research has now also found its way into the intensive care unit (ICU). Vitamin D deficiency is commonly found in the ICU and is associated with adverse outcomes including excess mortality, longer length of stay, higher sepsis incidence, longer mechanical ventilation. But how should one single vitamin be capable of such an impact? It has to be kept in mind that vitamin D is not a classic vitamin at all. It can be synthesized in sufficient amounts by the human body, it has a nuclear receptor and a large number of genes are under direct or indirect control of vitamin D. Furthermore, both the vitamin D receptor and the 1-α hydroxylase which is required to activate vitamin D are widely distributed in the human body. Unfortunately, as in other settings, a large body of observational data is opposed to only a few intervention studies. This article seeks to review the current observational and interventional literature concerning vitamin D status in the context of critical care, its effects on this highly vulnerable population and possible treatment strategies as well as an outlook on research that is necessary in the future.
Topics: Age Factors; Artifacts; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cohort Studies; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Double-Blind Method; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Immune System; Intensive Care Units; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Observational Studies as Topic; Prognosis; Receptors, Calcitriol; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 25069844
DOI: No ID Found -
Obesity Surgery Jan 2017Bariatric patients regularly present with insufficient vitamin D status before and after surgery, which requires substantial supplementation to treat. This review aims... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bariatric patients regularly present with insufficient vitamin D status before and after surgery, which requires substantial supplementation to treat. This review aims to assess the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on vitamin D status and the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation.
METHODS
This review was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies.
RESULTS
The current guidelines recommend initial vitamin D supplementation of at least 3000 IU/day post-operatively, with no need for follow-up testing after sleeve gastrectomy. Only one study has trialled a dose in line with the recommendations for this patient group. They found that it was effective in improving VitD status.
CONCLUSIONS
On-going monitoring of vitamin D status is necessary, as the recommended level is not often reached.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Obesity, Morbid; Postoperative Period; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 27815862
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2436-1 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2022The association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level and asthma occurrence in children was controversial. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PROBLEM
The association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level and asthma occurrence in children was controversial.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to April 13th 2020. All the study measured the serum 25-OHD level in children, or classified the children based on the 25-OHD level into severe vitamin D deficiency, insufficient deficiency and comparing the prevalence of asthma in childhood were included in our study.
SAMPLE
A total of 35 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Among them, 24 studies were included for analyzing the association between 25-OHD level and asthma, and 12 studies evaluated the treatment effect of vitamin D.
RESULTS
The children with asthma (5711 participants) had significant lower 25-OHD level than children without asthma (21,561 participants) (21.7 ng/ml versus 26.5 ng/ml, SMD = -1.36, 95% = -2.40--0.32, P = 0.010). Besides, the children with asthma treated with vitamin D supplement had a significantly lower recurrence rate than the placebo group (18.4% versus 35.9%, RR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.35-0.79, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Children with asthma had a lower 25-OHD level than healthy children. Vitamin D supplement could decrease the asthma recurrence rate in the follow-up years.
IMPLICATIONS
This study implies that lower 25-OHD may cause asthma in childhood.
Topics: Asthma; Child; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34366195
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.07.005 -
Nutrition Reviews Jun 2023Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, particularly in nursing home residents.
CONTEXT
Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, particularly in nursing home residents.
OBJECTIVE
This review critically summarizes the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in nursing home residents worldwide. In addition, it outlines the effect of vitamin D intervention, alone or in combination with other nutrients or therapies, on improving vitamin D status and associated health outcomes in nursing home residents.
DATA SOURCES, EXTRACTION, AND ANALYSIS
Searches were conducted of electronic databases for articles published from 2010 to May 2021. After screening of the 366 papers initially identified, 58 articles were included.
CONCLUSIONS
A paucity of observational studies in nursing homes suggests a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 8% [25(OH)D <25 nmol/L], up to 94% [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] in some cohorts where supplement use was low. Reported factors associated with deficiency and suboptimal vitamin D status include lack of sunlight exposure, poor dietary intake of vitamin D, limited vitamin D food fortification, frailty, poor renal function, and low use of vitamin D supplements. Residents who are severely deficient, deficient, or insufficient in vitamin D require remedial vitamin D supplementation prior to maintenance supplementation at doses >800 IU/day. High-dose vitamin D supplementation may reduce respiratory illness; however, supportive data are limited. Oral nutritional supplements, in combination with exercise, may benefit physical function and performance, whereas supplementation with vitamin D- and calcium-fortified foods has been associated with improved quality of life and reduced bone resorption. Globally, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in nursing home residents. There is an urgent need for standardized dietary and supplementation guidelines to prevent deficiency in this vulnerable group.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Quality of Life; Homes for the Aged; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Dietary Supplements; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 36367832
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac091 -
Journal of the American Geriatrics... Oct 2017With an aging population and no cure for dementia on the horizon, risk factor modification prior to disease onset is an urgent health priority. Therefore, this review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
With an aging population and no cure for dementia on the horizon, risk factor modification prior to disease onset is an urgent health priority. Therefore, this review examined the effect of low vitamin D status or vitamin D supplementation on cognition in midlife and older adults without a diagnosis of dementia.
DESIGN
Systematic review and random effect meta-analysis.
SETTING
Observational (cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort) studies comparing low and high vitamin D status and interventions comparing vitamin D supplementation with a control group were included in the review and meta-analysis.
PARTICIPANTS
Studies including adults and older adults without a dementia diagnosis were included.
MEASUREMENTS
Medline (PubMed), AMED, Psych INFO, and Cochrane Central databases were searched for articles until August 2016. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Physiotherapy Evidence Database assessed methodological quality of all studies.
RESULTS
Twenty-six observational and three intervention studies (n = 19-9,556) were included in the meta-analysis. Low vitamin D was associated with worse cognitive performance (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.14-1.35) and cognitive decline (OR = 1.26, CI = 1.09-1.23); with cross-sectional yielding a stronger effect compared to longitudinal studies. Vitamin D supplementation showed no significant benefit on cognition compared with control (SMD = 0.21, CI = -0.05 to 0.46).
CONCLUSION
Observational evidence demonstrates low vitamin D is related to poorer cognition; however, interventional studies are yet to show a clear benefit from vitamin D supplementation. From the evidence to date, there is likely a therapeutic age window relevant to the development of disease and therefore vitamin D therapy. Longitudinal lifespan studies are necessary to depict the optimal timing and duration in which repletion of vitamin D may protect against cognitive decline and dementia in aging, to better inform trials and practice towards a successful therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Observational Studies as Topic; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 28758188
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15012 -
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2017Vitamin deficiency is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Supplementation of vitamins could thus serve as an adjunctive therapy. The present... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Vitamin deficiency is frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Supplementation of vitamins could thus serve as an adjunctive therapy. The present meta-analysis reviews the deficiencies and alterations in serum fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) reported in IBD patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed database search was performed to identify all primary studies up to January 2015 that evaluated the serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamin levels in IBD patients compared with healthy individuals. We estimated pooled mean differences between groups and estimated their relations with some compounding variables (age, disease duration, C-reactive protein, albumin), using a meta-regression analysis.
RESULTS
Nineteen case-control studies met selection criteria. In patients with Crohn's disease (CD), vitamin A, D, E, K status was lower than in controls [D=212 μg/L.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 95.36-330.48 μg/L, P=0.0002; D=6.97 nmol/L, 95% CI, 1.61-12.32 nmol/L, P=0.01; D=4.72 μmol/L, 95% CI, 1.60-7.84 μmol/L, P=0.003; D=1.46 ng/mL, 95% CI, 0.48-2.43 ng/mL, P=0.003, respectively]. Patients with ulcerative colitis had lower levels of vitamin A than controls (D=223.22 μg/L, 95% CI, 44.32-402.12 μg/L, P=0.01). Patients suffering from CD for a longer time had lower levels of vitamins A (95% CI=7.1-67.58 y, P=0.02) and K (95% CI, 0.09-0.71 y, P=0.02). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated statistically significant associations between the levels of inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein (P=0.03, 95% CI, -9.74 to -0.6 mgl/L) and albumin (P=0.0003, 95% CI, 402.76-1361.98 g/dL), and vitamin A status in CD patients.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis shows that the levels of fat-soluble vitamins are generally lower in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and their supplementation is undoubtedly indicated.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K
PubMed: 28858940
DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000911 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2021Vitamin D may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases, but its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains uncertain. We sought to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases, but its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains uncertain. We sought to review systematically the existing evidence to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D levels and AMD. A four-database search (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus) was performed from inception to May 2020 using the MeSH terms: ("Macular Degeneration" OR "Age-related macular degeneration" OR "Retinal degeneration" OR "Macula lutea") AND ("Vitamin D" OR "Ergocalciferols" OR "Cholecalciferol" OR "25-Hydroxyvitamin D"). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to compute 1) the standard mean difference in 25(OH)D concentration between AMD and non-AMD patients and 2) the AMD risk according to serum 25(OH)D levels. Eighteen observational studies enrolling 75,294 patients after a selection process among 375 original abstracts were selected. No significant differences were found, but there appears to exist a trend for late AMD among subjects with a serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/L (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-3.24, P = 0.05). There is no clear evidence of a definitive association between serum 25(OH)D and AMD risk, mainly due to heterogeneity in study procedures and lack of longitudinal designs.
Topics: Humans; Macular Degeneration; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 32768420
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.07.003 -
The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS Jun 2022To evaluate vitamin D ((25OH)D levels) deficiency as a possible cause in the development of DT1 in children and adolescents aged 0-15. We searched PubMed/ Medline,...
To evaluate vitamin D ((25OH)D levels) deficiency as a possible cause in the development of DT1 in children and adolescents aged 0-15. We searched PubMed/ Medline, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library to identify potentially eligible articles that examine whether low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with subsequent development of DT1. All type of research designs, including randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case- control and cross-sectional studies with subjects aged ≤15 years old were consider for inclusion. Seven original studies met the entry criteria. Most of these studies found up to 50% lower levels of vitamin D in children with DT1 compared to control group and a significant positive association between vitamin D levels and of the risk of developing DT1. Results of quality assessment demonstrated moderate to high quality of all the studies included. Vitamin D deficiency may be a possible cause in the development of DT1 in the early years of life and particularly in children with genetic predisposition, whilst the deficiency of vitamin D is a very common occurrence in patients with DT1. Further long-term studies on children are required to determine the role of vitamin D on DT1.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 35831940
DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2022.18.58