-
International Journal of Rehabilitation... Mar 2016Life expectancy of people with Down's syndrome (DS) has increased considerably, now exceeding 60 years. People with DS start to get old around the age of 45. By... (Review)
Review
Life expectancy of people with Down's syndrome (DS) has increased considerably, now exceeding 60 years. People with DS start to get old around the age of 45. By referring to the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) biopsychosocial perspective, this study aimed to present an up-to-date review of the past 14 years of literature concerning the ageing of people with DS. PUBMED, PsycInfo and the Social Sciences Citation Index were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2014. Studies were selected if they were written in English, focused on people more than 45 years of age with DS, and if terms related to DS and ageing appeared in either the title or the abstract. A total of 30 studies were retrieved and their meaningful concepts were linked to the ICF. In total, 38 ICF categories were identified that were mainly related to intellectual functions (b117) (19%), general metabolic functions (b540) (7.4%), mobility of joint functions (b710), muscle power functions (b730) (4.2%), gait pattern functions (b770) (4.2%) and structure of the brain (s110) (4.3%). Only two studies considered environmental factors, and only one considered the joint analysis of health condition and environmental factors. Data about the ageing of people with DS are predominantly based on medical evaluations and descriptions of their physical impairments. Few attempts have been made towards a comprehensive assessment of elderly people with DS with a joint analysis of their health condition and its interaction with environmental factors.
Topics: Aging; Dementia; Down Syndrome; Gait; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Muscle Strength; Nervous System Diseases; Nursing Homes; Postural Balance; Social Environment
PubMed: 26626417
DOI: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000147 -
Research in Social & Administrative... Oct 2018Documented barriers to Medication Therapy Management (MTM) delivery, such as limited time and inefficient workflow may be overcome by utilizing support staff for... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Documented barriers to Medication Therapy Management (MTM) delivery, such as limited time and inefficient workflow may be overcome by utilizing support staff for administrative services. However, it is unknown how pharmacy technicians have been historically utilized to assist pharmacists in MTM-delivery.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize literature describing pharmacy technicians' participation in actions commonly undertaken in the provision of MTM services.
METHODS
In August 2016, a PubMed (MEDLINE) and Journal of Pharmacy Technology search was conducted using the term "pharmacy technician" with services outlined within the MTM Core Elements Version 2.0, and with terms related to administrative actions in the provision of MTM. References were searched using identified studies. Eligible articles described pharmacy technicians' performance and/or assistance in at least one MTM Core Element or related administrative action to the provision of MTM. Data was independently extracted by two researchers; any variation in extraction was reconciled via with discussion until consensus reached. A standardized data extraction template was used.
RESULTS
Forty-four manuscripts were included. Manuscripts were most likely to describe pharmacy technicians' assistance with medication reconciliation (70%), documentation (41%) and medication therapy review (30%). Actions least likely to be described included personal medication record development (5%), physical assessment (5%), follow-up (2%), and medication action plan development (0%). Most articles were written in the United States (73%), or Europe (16%), while the remaining articles were Canadian (11%); no articles were found originating from Asia, Africa, Australia or the Middle East.
CONCLUSION
Pharmacy technicians are utilized most often to support MTM through assistance in medication reconciliation. Standardized training for pharmacy technicians that delineates administrative support from pharmacists' role of clinical decision making could help pharmacists obtain greater efficiency in MTM delivery.
Topics: Community Pharmacy Services; Humans; Medication Reconciliation; Medication Therapy Management; Pharmacy Technicians; Professional Role
PubMed: 29221929
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.11.012 -
Knee Surgery & Related Research Dec 2018To compare the clinical outcomes between the open posterior approach and arthroscopic suture fixation for displaced posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To compare the clinical outcomes between the open posterior approach and arthroscopic suture fixation for displaced posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures.
METHODS
A literature search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were as follows: papers written in English on displaced PCL avulsion fractures, clinical trial(s) with clear description of surgical technique, adult subjects, a follow-up longer than 12 months and modified Coleman methodology score (CMS) more than 60 points.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included with a mean CMS value of 72.4 (standard deviation, 7.6). Overall, 134 patients underwent the open posterior approach with a minimum 12-month follow-up, and 174 patients underwent arthroscopic suture fixation. At final follow-up, the range of Lysholm score was 85-100 for the open approach and 80-100 for the arthroscopic approach. Patients who were rated as normal or nearly normal in the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee assessment were 92%-100% for the open approach and 90%-100% for the arthroscopic approach. The range of side-to-side difference was 0-5 mm for both approaches.
CONCLUSIONS
Both arthroscopic and open methods for the treatment of PCL tibial-side avulsion injuries resulted in comparably good clinical outcomes, radiological healing, and stable knees.
PubMed: 30466249
DOI: 10.5792/ksrr.17.073 -
Health Expectations : An International... Aug 2019The contribution of involving patients and public in health research is widely reported, particularly within mental health research. Less is written about such...
BACKGROUND
The contribution of involving patients and public in health research is widely reported, particularly within mental health research. Less is written about such contributions to doctoral research. The research focus of this doctoral research, self-harm in older adults, was put forward by a Patient Public Involvement Engagement (PPIE) group, who contributed to its development.
AIMS
Critically reflect on the process, potential impact and identify challenges and opportunities in involving robust PPIE in a doctoral study.
METHODS
Three PPIE members contributed to a systematic review (SR) and a qualitative study through a series of four workshops to meet the aims of the study. PPIE contributed to developing the SR review questions, protocol, data analysis and dissemination of findings. For the qualitative study, they helped develop research questions, protocol, public-facing documentation, recruitment strategies and data analysis. Involvement followed the GRIPP2-SF reporting checklist.
RESULTS
PPIE enhanced methodological rigour, data analysis, interpretation and dissemination of findings. Challenges included lack of ethical guidance, time-related pressures and ensuring support for PPIE members. These were successfully managed through ongoing dialogue and regular communication.
CONCLUSIONS
PPIE can enhance the quality and depth of doctoral research, as lived experiences shared by PPIE members add to research's components. Exposing early-career researchers to PPIE can build research cultures sensitive to PPIE's potential contribution and develop the expertise needed to avoid tokenistic involvement. Capturing lay perspectives is essential in mental health research to ensure research findings are accessible and that findings inform clinical practice. However, clear guidance on the ethical dimensions to PPIE is needed.
Topics: Aged; Biomedical Research; Communication; Community Participation; Cooperative Behavior; Humans; Middle Aged; Patient Participation; Primary Health Care; Qualitative Research; Risk Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior
PubMed: 31131529
DOI: 10.1111/hex.12917 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Mar 2024With increasing interest in 3D photogrammetry, diverse methods have been developed for craniofacial shape analysis in craniosynostosis patients. This review provides an...
With increasing interest in 3D photogrammetry, diverse methods have been developed for craniofacial shape analysis in craniosynostosis patients. This review provides an overview of these methods and offers recommendations for future studies. A systematic literature search was used to identify publications on 3D photogrammetry analyses in craniosynostosis patients until August 2023. Inclusion criteria were original research reporting on 3D photogrammetry analyses in patients with craniosynostosis and written in English. Sixty-three publications that had reproducible methods for measuring cranial, forehead, or facial shape were included in the systematic review. Cranial shape changes were commonly assessed using heat maps and curvature analyses. Publications assessing the forehead utilized volumetric measurements, angles, ratios, and mirroring techniques. Mirroring techniques were frequently used to determine facial asymmetry. Although 3D photogrammetry shows promise, methods vary widely between standardized and less conventional measurements. A standardized protocol for the selection and documentation of landmarks, planes, and measurements across the cranium, forehead, and face is essential for consistent clinical and research applications.
PubMed: 38498012
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000010071 -
Respiratory Care Oct 2000Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, a Public Health Service-sponsored Clinical Practice Guideline, is a product of the Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel ("the... (Review)
Review
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, a Public Health Service-sponsored Clinical Practice Guideline, is a product of the Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel ("the panel"), consortium representatives, consultants, and staff. These 30 individuals were charged with the responsibility of identifying effective, experimentally validated tobacco dependence treatments and practices. The updated guideline was sponsored by a consortium of seven Federal Government and nonprofit organizations: the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and University of Wisconsin Medical School's Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention. This guideline is an updated version of the 1996 Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline No. 18 that was sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now the AHRQ), United States Department of Health and Human Services. The original guideline reflected the extant scientific research literature published between 1975 and 1994. The updated guideline was written because new, effective clinical treatments for tobacco dependence have been identified since 1994. The accelerating pace of tobacco research that prompted the update is reflected in the fact that 3,000 articles on tobacco were identified as published between 1975 and 1994, contributing to the original guideline. Another 3,000 were published between 1995 and 1999 and contributed to the updated guideline. These 6,000 articles were screened and reviewed to identify a much smaller group of articles that served as the basis for guideline data analyses and panel opinion. This guideline contains strategies and recommendations designed to assist clinicians, tobacco dependence treatment specialists, and health care administrators, insurers, and purchasers in delivering and supporting effective treatments for tobacco use and dependence. The recommendations were made as a result of a systematic review and analysis of the extant scientific literature, using meta-analysis as the primary analytic technique. The strength of evidence that served as the basis for each recommendation is clearly indicated in the guideline. A draft of the guideline was peer-reviewed prior to publication, and the comments of 70 external reviewers were incorporated into the final document. The key recommendations of the updated guideline, Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, based on the literature review and expert panel opinion, are as follows: 1. Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition that often requires repeated intervention. However, effective treatments exist that can produce long-term or even permanent abstinence. 2. Because effective tobacco dependence treatments are available, every patient who uses tobacco should be offered at least one of these treatments: Patients willing to try to quit tobacco use should be provided with treatments identified as effective in this guideline. Patients unwilling to try to quit tobacco use should be provided with a brief intervention designed to increase their motivation to quit. 3. It is essential that clinicians and health care delivery systems (including administrators, insurers, and purchasers) institutionalize the consistent identification, documentation, and treatment of every tobacco user seen in a health care setting. 4. Brief tobacco dependence treatment is effective, and every patient who uses tobacco should be offered at least brief treatment. 5. There is a strong dose-response relation between the intensity of tobacco dependence counseling and its effectiveness. Treatments involving person-to-person contact (via individual, group, or proactive telephone counseling) are consistently effective, and their effectiveness increases with treatment intensity (eg, minutes of contact). 6. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States; United States Public Health Service
PubMed: 11054899
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Neurology Dec 2019Patients with acute stroke are particularly vulnerable to delirium episodes. Although delirium detection is important, no evidence-based recommendations have been...
BACKGROUND
Patients with acute stroke are particularly vulnerable to delirium episodes. Although delirium detection is important, no evidence-based recommendations have been established to date on how these patients should be routinely screened for delirium or which tool should be used for this purpose in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify delirium screening tools for patients with acute stroke and to summarise their accuracy.
METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search of Medline, CINAHL and Scopus databases was performed to include: (a) diagnostic test accuracy studies; (b) evaluating tools detecting delirium among patients with acute stroke; (c) written in English; (d) published up to September 2018. The included studies were assessed in their quality by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.
RESULTS
A total of four studies have been performed to date in the field with a variable quality for the methodology used and documentation of the accuracy of mainly two tools, as (1) the 4-Assessment Test for delirium (4AT), reporting a range of sensitivity from 90.2 to 100% and a specificity from 64.5 to 86%; and (2) the Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) showing a sensitivity of 76% (95% Confidence of Interval [CI] 55-91) and a specificity of 98% (95%CI 93-100). Other tools have been studied as: The Abbreviated Mental Test-10, the Abbreviated Mental Test short form, the Clock Drawing Test, the Cognitive Examination derived from the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Glasgow Coma Scale. Moreover, the use of a single question-namely, 'Does this patient have cognitive issues?' as answered by the multidisciplinary team-has been subjected to a validation process.
CONCLUSIONS
To date a few primary studies have been published to test the accuracy of tools in their ability to detect post-stroke delirium; among those available, the 4AT and the CAM-ICU tools have been mostly studied. Research has just started to add evidence to the challenge of detecting and usefully assessing newly-acquired delirium among stroke patients: therefore, more studies are needed to improve the knowledge and allow a robust selection of the most useful tool to use in this population.
Topics: Delirium; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Mass Screening; Neuropsychological Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stroke
PubMed: 31791260
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1547-4 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Jan 2020To verify the quality of questionnaires/scales regarding knee instability caused by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency and their translated versions....
Questionnaires for knee instability assessment in people with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review of original questionnaires and their translated versions.
To verify the quality of questionnaires/scales regarding knee instability caused by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency and their translated versions. Searches were conducted on Web of Science, Pubmed, Medline, Cinahl, and SportDiscuss. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) scale was used to assess the article's quality; and the measurement properties of each questionnaire/scale were also analysed. Searches identified 7703 studies and 29 were included in this review. Nine were articles reporting the original development of a questionnaire/scale and 20 were translations. The original questionnaires/scales were written in English or French and were translated into Brazilian Portuguese, Portuguese, Dutch, Turkish, German, Korean, Italian, Arabic, Polish, French, and Chinese. The questionnaires/scales with best overall quality were the Cincinatti Knee Rating System, the International Knee Documentation Committee - Subjective Knee Form and the PPLP. The International Knee Documentation Committee had positive results for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.89-0.92); for reliability and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.88 to 0.99); and for construct validity (Pearson's r ranged from 0.1 to 0.85). The International Knee Documentation Committee had the largest number of translated versions and it was considered the best instrument assessed. Furthermore, The International Knee Documentation Committee was considered to be easy to apply, short and accessible, thus it is the choice of several clinicians and researchers.Implications for rehabilitationKnee instability is one of the most important factors to be evaluated during rehabilitation of people with anterior cruciate ligament injury in both surgical and non-surgical approach.The use of questionnaires may provide a better overall functionality assessment of people with knee instability from ACL injury.To choose the most appropriate questionnaire, clinicians should consider their needs and should consider validated questionnaires linked with adequate psychometric properties which guarantee the original characteristics of a questionnaire and also guarantee reliable results.
Topics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Brazil; Humans; Joint Instability; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30537875
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1496153 -
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision... Jan 2023The lack of interoperability between health information systems reduces the quality of care provided to patients and wastes resources. Accordingly, there is an urgent...
BACKGROUND
The lack of interoperability between health information systems reduces the quality of care provided to patients and wastes resources. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop integration mechanisms among the various health information systems. The aim of this review was to investigate the interoperability requirements for heterogeneous health information systems and to summarize and present them.
METHODS
In accordance with the PRISMA guideline, a broad electronic search of all literature was conducted on the topic through six databases, including PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Embase to 25 July 2022. The inclusion criteria were to select English-written articles available in full text with the closest objectives. 36 articles were selected for further analysis.
RESULTS
Interoperability has been raised in the field of health information systems from 2003 and now it is one of the topics of interest to researchers. The projects done in this field are mostly in the national scope and to achieve the electronic health record. HL7 FHIR, CDA, HIPAA and SNOMED-CT, SOA, RIM, XML, API, JAVA and SQL are among the most important requirements for implementing interoperability. In order to guarantee the concept of data exchange, semantic interaction is the best choice because the systems can recognize and process semantically similar information homogeneously.
CONCLUSIONS
The health industry has become more complex and has new needs. Interoperability meets this needs by communicating between the output and input of processor systems and making easier to access the data in the required formats.
Topics: Humans; Health Information Systems; Electronic Health Records; Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine
PubMed: 36694161
DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02115-5 -
L'Encephale Feb 2024The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among prisoners remains a major public health issue worldwide. In France, despite the increasing number of persons who are...
INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among prisoners remains a major public health issue worldwide. In France, despite the increasing number of persons who are incarcerated (+30% between 1992 and 2002 with a 120% prison overcrowding), and a historical concern about the mental health of persons in detention and its management, no systematic review has been published on this subject. The aim of this article is to present the results of a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons.
METHOD
The reporting of this systematic review conforms to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases. We used combinations of keywords relating to prison (prison*, jail*, inmate*), to psychiatry ("mental health", psychiatr*), and to France (France, French). This work was completed with a search through the digital libraries of the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP) and of the Système Universitaire de Documentation (Sudoc) to obtain data from academic works and the gray literature. References cited in studies included in this review were also examined. All references published up to September 2022, written in English or French, presenting the results of original quantitative studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in correctional settings were included. Two researchers independently extracted data from included references according to a pre-established protocol.
RESULTS
Among 501 records identified, a total of 35 papers based on 24 epidemiological studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review: 16 were cross-sectional, 7 retrospective and 1 both cross-sectional and retrospective. All papers were published between 1999 and 2022. We found one European study, 5 international studies, 18 regional or local studies. Of these, 21 studies had all-male or mixed gender samples (but when the sample was mixed gender, it was always at least 92% male). Almost half of the studies (n=11) involved a small sample of fewer than 500 persons. Half of the studies involved a sample of recently incarcerated persons: 6 involved a random sample of persons in detention, and 1 involved a sample of people incarcerated for more than 5 years. The last 5 studies focused on persons aged over 50 years and incarcerated for more than one year (n=1), incarcerated for sexual offences (n=2), placed in disciplinary cells (n=1) or in a special wing for radicalized or suspected radicalized individuals (n=1). Nine studies used standardized and validated diagnostic tools. According to the 4 studies involving representative samples and using standardized and validated diagnostic tools, the prevalence of the following psychiatric disorders was: 29.4-44.4% for anxiety disorders, 5-14.2% for PTSD, 28-31.2% for mood disorders, 6.9-17% for psychotic disorders, 32% for personality disorders and 11% for ADHD.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review of the literature highlights the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons. The data collected are in line with international studies. The great methodological heterogeneity of the papers included in this review calls for further rigorous research to better understand the rates of mental disorders in French prisons and to explore their determinants.
PubMed: 38378405
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.028