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Nature Reviews. Immunology Feb 2019Of any pathogen, HIV provides perhaps the greatest challenge to successful vaccine development. Nevertheless, progress continued to be made in 2018; new vaccine concepts... (Review)
Review
Of any pathogen, HIV provides perhaps the greatest challenge to successful vaccine development. Nevertheless, progress continued to be made in 2018; new vaccine concepts entered the clinic and new insights were obtained in basic research that will ultimately help to guide rational vaccine design against many’difficult’ pathogens.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Animals; HIV; Humans; Vaccinology
PubMed: 30560910
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0103-6 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) May 2008A quarter century of scientific discovery has been applied to developing an AIDS vaccine, yet this goal remains elusive. Specific characteristics of the virus, including... (Review)
Review
A quarter century of scientific discovery has been applied to developing an AIDS vaccine, yet this goal remains elusive. Specific characteristics of the virus, including the extreme genetic variability in circulating viral isolates worldwide, biological properties of HIV that impede immune attack, and a high mutation rate that allows for rapid escape from adaptive immune responses, render this a huge challenge. However, evidence of protection against AIDS viruses in animal models and control of HIV in humans under certain circumstances, together with scientific advances in understanding disease pathogenesis, provide a strong rationale and objective paths to continue the pursuit of an effective AIDS vaccine to stem the global epidemic.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; HIV Antibodies; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
PubMed: 18467582
DOI: 10.1126/science.1152622 -
Vaccine Nov 2015Development of an effective AIDS vaccine is crucial for the control of global human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevalence. We have developed a novel AIDS... (Review)
Review
Development of an effective AIDS vaccine is crucial for the control of global human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevalence. We have developed a novel AIDS vaccine using a Sendai virus (SeV) vector and investigated its efficacy in a macaque AIDS model of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Its immunogenicity and protective efficacy have been shown, indicating that the SeV vector is a promising delivery tool for AIDS vaccines. Here, we describe the potential of SeV vector as a vaccine antigen delivery tool to induce effective immune responses against HIV-1 infection.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Clinical Trials as Topic; Genetic Vectors; HIV-1; Humans; Macaca; Models, Animal; SAIDS Vaccines; Sendai virus; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 26232346
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.114 -
Science Immunology May 2021In the evolutionary battle between virus and host, a genetic alteration in cytomegalovirus caused by an inversion-deletion event during tissue culture passage opens an... (Review)
Review
In the evolutionary battle between virus and host, a genetic alteration in cytomegalovirus caused by an inversion-deletion event during tissue culture passage opens an unconventional path toward an HIV vaccine (see the related Research Articles by Malouli , Yang , and Verweij ).
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Humans
PubMed: 33990380
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi5830 -
Archives of Virology Aug 2018Since 1985, we have tested several immunological approaches to suppressing HIV replication in HIV-infected patients and to prevent HIV acquisition in uninfected people.... (Review)
Review
Since 1985, we have tested several immunological approaches to suppressing HIV replication in HIV-infected patients and to prevent HIV acquisition in uninfected people. Here, after briefly reviewing our studies on immunosuppressive treatments and therapeutic dendritic cell-based therapies, we examine in more detail our work on the tolerogenic vaccines we developed against AIDS in Chinese macaques. The vaccine consisted of inactivated SIVmac239 particles adjuvanted with the Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR). Without adjuvant, the vaccine administered by the intragastric route induced the usual simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific humoral immune responses but no post-challenge protection. In contrast, out of 24 macaques that were immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine and challenged intrarectally with SIVmac239 or SIVB670, 23 were sterilely protected for up to 5 years, while all control macaques were infected. On the other hand, all macaques of Indian origin that were immunized with the same adjuvanted vaccine were not protected. We then discovered that vaccinated Chinese macaques developed a previously unrecognized class of non-cytolytic MHC-Ib/E-restricted CD8 T cells (or CD8 T-Regs) that suppressed the activation of SIV RNA-infected CD4 T cells and thereby inhibited the (activation-dependent) reverse transcription of the virus and prevented the establishment of SIV infection. Finally, we found a similar population of HLA-E-restricted CD8 T-Regs in human elite controllers (a small group of HIV-infected patients whose viral replication is naturally inhibited). Ex vivo, their CD8 T-Regs suppressed viral replication in the same manner as those of vaccinated Chinese macaques. It is noteworthy that all of these elite controllers had a homo- or heterozygous HLA-Bw4-80I genotype. Taking into account the longevity and the high percentage of vaccine-protected Chinese macaques together with the concomitant identification of a robust ex vivo correlate of protection and the discovery of similar CD8 T-Regs in human elite controllers, preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines should be envisaged in humans.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Animals; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Macaca mulatta; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 30043201
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3936-1 -
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dec 2018Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected 76 million people and killed an estimated 35 million. During its 40-year history, remarkable progress has been made on... (Review)
Review
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected 76 million people and killed an estimated 35 million. During its 40-year history, remarkable progress has been made on antiretroviral drugs. Progress toward a vaccine has also been made, although this has yet to deliver a licensed product. In 2007, I wrote a review, HIV AIDS Vaccines: 2007. This review, HIV AIDS Vaccines: 2018, focuses on the progress in the past 11 years. I begin with key challenges for the development of an AIDS vaccine and the lessons learned from the six completed efficacy trials, only one of which has met with some success.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Development; Genotype; HIV Antibodies; HIV Antigens; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mutation; Phenotype; Research Design
PubMed: 30099743
DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1208 -
IAVI Report : Newsletter on... 2012
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Humans; Research
PubMed: 22448403
DOI: No ID Found -
IAVI Report : Newsletter on... 2010
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Humans
PubMed: 21158223
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Review of Vaccines 2016Virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses play a major role in the control of HIV replication, and induction of HIV-specific T-cell responses is an important strategy for... (Review)
Review
Virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses play a major role in the control of HIV replication, and induction of HIV-specific T-cell responses is an important strategy for AIDS vaccine development. Optimization of the delivery system and immunogen would be the key for the development of an effective T cell-based AIDS vaccine. Heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens using multiple viral vectors are a promising protocol for efficient induction of HIV-specific T-cell responses, and the development of a variety of potent viral vectors have been attempted. This review describes the current progress of the development of T cell-based AIDS vaccines using viral vectors, focusing on Sendai virus vectors, whose phase I clinical trials have been performed.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Drug Carriers; Drug Discovery; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Sendai virus; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 26512881
DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1105747 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2006Development of a preventive vaccine for HIV is the best hope of controlling the AIDS pandemic. HIV has, however, proved a difficult pathogen to vaccinate against because... (Review)
Review
Development of a preventive vaccine for HIV is the best hope of controlling the AIDS pandemic. HIV has, however, proved a difficult pathogen to vaccinate against because of its very high mutation rate and capability to escape immune responses. Neutralizing antibodies that can neutralize diverse field strains have so far proved difficult to induce. Adjuvanting these vaccines with cytokine plasmids and a "prime-boost," approach is being evaluated in an effort to induce both CTL and antibody responses and thereby have immune responses active against both infected cells and free viral particles, thereby necessitating fewer doses of recombinant protein to reach maximum antibodies titers. Although obstacles exist in evaluation of candidate HIV vaccines, evidence from natural history studies, new molecular tools in virology and immunology, new adjuvants, new gene expression systems, new antigen delivery systems, recent discoveries in HIV entry and pathogenesis, and promising studies of candidate vaccines in animal models have provided reasons to hope that developing a safe and effective AIDS vaccine is possible and within reach.
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Antibody Formation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gene Products, env; HIV Antigens; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Research; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 16481703
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.19711