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Biology Feb 2022Intestinal microflora has been associated with obesity. While visceral fat is more strongly associated with cardiovascular disorder, a complication linked to obesity,...
Intestinal microflora has been associated with obesity. While visceral fat is more strongly associated with cardiovascular disorder, a complication linked to obesity, than the body mass index (BMI), the association between intestinal microflora and obesity (as defined in terms of BMI) has been studied widely. However, the link between visceral fat area (VFA) and intestinal microflora has been little studied. In this study, we investigate the association between intestinal microflora and VFA and BMI using a longitudinal study on Japanese subjects with different VFA statuses ( = 767). Principal component analysis of the changes in intestinal microflora composition over the one-year study period revealed the different associations between intestinal microflora and VFA and BMI. As determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, changes in the abundance ratio of two microbial genera- and -were significantly associated with VFA changes and changes in the abundance ratio of four different microbial genera were significantly associated with BMI changes, suggesting that the associated intestinal microbes are different. Furthermore, as determined by metagenomic shotgun sequences, changes in the abundance ratios of two species- and -were significantly and negatively associated with VFA changes. Our findings might be used to develop a new treatment for visceral fat.
PubMed: 35205184
DOI: 10.3390/biology11020318 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Recent studies have demonstrated that changes in the abundance of the intestinal bacterium , a potential probiotic, are closely associated with the development of...
Recent studies have demonstrated that changes in the abundance of the intestinal bacterium , a potential probiotic, are closely associated with the development of various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, some neurodegenerative diseases, and certain cancers. However, there is still a lack of an effective method to detect the abundance of in the gut rapidly. Especially, DNA aptamers are now widely used as biometric components for medical testing due to their unique characteristics, including high chemical stability, low production cost, ease of chemical modification, low immunogenicity, and fast reproducibility. We successfully obtained a high-affinity nucleic acid aptamer library (B.p-R14) after 14 SELEX rounds, which efficiently discriminates in different analysis techniques including fluorometric suspension assays or fluorescence microscopy from other major gut bacteria in complex mixtures and even in human stool samples. These preliminary findings will be the basis towards aptamer-based biosensing applications for the fast and reliable monitoring of in the human gut microbiome.
Topics: Aptamers, Nucleotide; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; SELEX Aptamer Technique
PubMed: 36080459
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175693 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2020An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and coccoid- or oval-shaped bacterium, designated strain KGMB01111, was isolated from faeces from a healthy...
An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and coccoid- or oval-shaped bacterium, designated strain KGMB01111, was isolated from faeces from a healthy Korean. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that KGMB01111 was closely related to CCRI-16110 (93.9 %) and GAM6-1 (93.7 %), followed by DSM 1787 (93.5 %), ATCC 27340 (93.4 %), DSM 10507 (93.1 %) and ATCC 29236 (93.1 %) within the family ( rRNA cluster XIVa). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that KGMB01111 formed a separate branch with species in the genus . The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were C and C 9 dimethyl acetal (DMA), and the major polar lipids were aminophospholipids and lipids. KGMB01111 contained diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant end product of fermentation produced by KGMB01111 was acetic acid. Based on the whole-genome sequence, the DNA G+C content of the isolate was 44.7 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, KGMB01111 represents a novel species within the genus for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB01111 (=KCTC 15706=DSM 107827).
Topics: Acetic Acid; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Feces; Fermentation; Humans; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 32100703
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004015 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2018A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and coccoid- or oval-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB1, was isolated from a faecal sample of a patient with...
A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and coccoid- or oval-shaped bacterium, designated strain KB1, was isolated from a faecal sample of a patient with diverticulitis in South Korea. Degeneracies in the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KB1 were resolved by cloning, which yielded five different sequences with heterogeneity. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KB1 formed a monophyletic branch with species in the genus Blautia, with highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Blautia producta (97.7-98.9 %), followed by Blautia coccoides (97.5-98.1 %). Strain KB1 was able to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 42 °C, with optimal growth at 37 °C, and in the presence of 20 % dehydrated bile. Acetic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid were produced by strain KB1 from Gifu anaerobic medium broth as metabolic fermentation end-products. The major cellular fatty acids of strain KB1 were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 dimethyl aldehyde. The DNA G+C content was 46.3 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain KB1 and the type strain of B. producta was 84.1 %. On the basis of polyphasic analysis, strain KB1 represents a novel species in the genus Blautia, for which the name Blautia hominis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KB1 (=KCTC 15618=JCM 32276).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Fermentation; Humans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 29458493
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002623 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jan 2019Two isolates of a Gram-positive, non-motile, coccoid or oval-shaped anaerobic bacterium, designated strains N6H1-15 and YH1_16, were isolated from faecal samples...
Two isolates of a Gram-positive, non-motile, coccoid or oval-shaped anaerobic bacterium, designated strains N6H1-15 and YH1_16, were isolated from faecal samples obtained from a mature dog. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates belonged to the Blautia coccoidesrRNA gene group (cluster XIVa) and were closely related to Blautia hansenii KCTC 5951, Blautia stercoris KCTC 5981, Blautia producta producta KCTC 3695 and B. coccoides DSM 15327, with 96.7, 94.4, 94.2 and 93.9 % sequence similarity, respectively. The two isolates contained m-diaminopimelic acid within their peptidoglycans. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (18.5 %), C16 : 0 (18.0 %) and C18 : 1cis 9 (16.2 %). The predominant metabolic end products of glucose fermentation were acetic and lactic acids, and the G+C content was 44.2 mol%. Thus, the polyphasic data suggest that the two new isolates represent a new species, proposed as Blautia argi sp. nov. The type strain is N6H1-15 (=KCTC 15426=JCM 31394).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Dogs; Fatty Acids; Feces; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 30407903
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002981 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023The identification of short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEP) and different proteoforms in single cultures of gut microbes offers new insights into a largely...
The identification of short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEP) and different proteoforms in single cultures of gut microbes offers new insights into a largely neglected part of the microbial proteome landscape. This is of particular importance as SEP provide various predicted functions, such as acting as antimicrobial peptides, maintaining cell homeostasis under stress conditions, or even contributing to the virulence pattern. They are, thus, taking a poorly understood role in structure and function of microbial networks in the human body. A better understanding of SEP in the context of human health requires a precise understanding of the abundance of SEP both in commensal microbes as well as pathogens. For the gut beneficial , we demonstrate the importance of specific environmental conditions for biosynthesis of SEP expanding previous findings about their role in microbial interactions.
Topics: Humans; Open Reading Frames; Peptides; Antimicrobial Peptides; Proteome
PubMed: 37782090
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02528-23 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023Human consumption of larch arabinogalactan has a significant effect on enhancing probiotic microflora in the gut, and it also promotes the production of short-chain...
Biochemical characterization of bifunctional enzymatic activity of a recombinant protein (Bp0469) from Blautia producta ATCC 27340 and its role in the utilization of arabinogalactan oligosaccharides.
Human consumption of larch arabinogalactan has a significant effect on enhancing probiotic microflora in the gut, and it also promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids. Bacterial members of Lachnospiraceae family are important and play significant roles in maintaining our gut health. However, it is less known about biochemistry of members of this family by which they utilize non-cellulosic fiber in the gut. For enhancing this understanding, we studied that B. producta ATCC 27340 grew on arabinogalactan oligosaccharides (AGOs) as compared to polysaccharide form of arabinogalactan. Recombinant protein (Bp0469) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and revealed the optimum pH and temperature at 7.4 in phosphate buffer and 45 °C, respectively. Catalytic efficiency of recombinant Bp0469 for p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-α-L-arabinofuranoside was about half of pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside. It also cleaved natural substrates (lactose, arabinobiose and 3-O-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)-d-galactopyranose) and characterized AGOs in this study. Based on genomic, structural models, and biochemical characteristics, identified Bp0469 is a peculiar enzyme with two distinct domains that cleave α1-5 linked arabinobiose and β-D-Galp-1-3/4 linkages. Overall, the study enhances the knowledge on nutritional perspective of B. producta ATCC 27340 for thriving on non-cellulosic biomass, and identified enzyme can also be used for producing industrial important AGOs.
Topics: Humans; Glycoside Hydrolases; Recombinant Proteins; Oligosaccharides; Galactose; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 37678698
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126736 -
Gut Microbes 2011The study of host microbe interactions is hampered by the complexity and inter-individual variability of the human gut microbiota. Therefore, a simplified human...
The study of host microbe interactions is hampered by the complexity and inter-individual variability of the human gut microbiota. Therefore, a simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMI) consisting of seven bacterial species was introduced into germfree rats. Species selection was based on numerical importance and fermentative abilities in the human gut. Association of the rats with the SIHUMI (Anaerostipes caccae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium longum, Blautia producta, Clostridium ramosum, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum) resulted in increased faecal concentrations of short chain fatty acids compared to germfree animals. Since the faecal butyrate concentration was low (0.9 ± 0.5 µmol/g dry matter) the SIHUMI was complemented with Clostridium butyricum. This extended bacterial community (SIHUMIx) led to an increased faecal butyrate concentration of 1.5 ± 0.7 µmol/g dry matter. Besides forming SCFA, the SIHUMIx was capable of degrading mucins, β-aspartylglycine and bilirubin. These features are characteristic of conventional animals but not observed in germfree animals. Dietary interventions with modifications in fibre and fat content led to changes in the proportion of community members. The relative increase of one member of this community in response to a high-fat diet reflects the situation reported for obese mice and human subjects. The strength of the model communities is their remarkable stability over time and their easy transfer to the offspring.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Butyrates; Clostridium butyricum; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Female; Germ-Free Life; Humans; Intestines; Male; Metagenome; Models, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 21637015
DOI: 10.4161/gmic.2.1.14651 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2012Strain GAM6-1T is a novel, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive bacterium that was isolated from the faeces of a healthy individual. Phylogenetic...
Strain GAM6-1T is a novel, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive bacterium that was isolated from the faeces of a healthy individual. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GAM6-1T was most closely related to Blautia producta ATCC 27340T (95.7 % sequence similarity), in the family Lachnospiraceae. Strain GAM6-1T did not exhibit catalase or oxidase activity. The strain's cellular fatty acids were of the straight-chain saturated and mono-unsaturated types, with C14:0 (24.10 %), C16:0 (19.09 %) and C16:0 dimethylacetal (14.35 %) predominant. Strain GAM6-1T was able to produce acid from various carbohydrates. Glucose fermentation produced acetic acid as the major short-chain fatty acid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain GAM6-1T was 35.6 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain GAM6-1T (=KCTC 5981T=JCM 17204T) is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Blautia stercoris sp. nov. is proposed.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Adult; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Fermentation; Genotype; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 21571940
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.031625-0 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2008Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on 15 isolates of an unidentified Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating coccobacillus-shaped bacterium isolated...
Reclassification of Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus productus and Ruminococcus schinkii as Blautia coccoides gen. nov., comb. nov., Blautia hansenii comb. nov., Blautia hydrogenotrophica comb. nov., Blautia luti comb....
Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on 15 isolates of an unidentified Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating coccobacillus-shaped bacterium isolated from human faeces. The novel organisms were catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and succinate as end products of metabolism. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the 15 isolates were highly related to each other and formed a hitherto unknown subline within the clostridial rRNA cluster XIVa. The novel isolates formed a robust phylogenetic group with a number of organisms which included Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus obeum and a number of other misclassified ruminococci. On the basis of these studies, a novel genus, Blautia gen. nov., is proposed. It is suggested that Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus productus, and Ruminococcus schinkii are transferred to this genus as Blautia coccoides gen. nov., comb. nov., Blautia hansenii comb. nov., Blautia hydrogenotrophica comb. nov., Blautia luti comb. nov., Blautia producta comb. nov. and Blautia schinkii comb. nov. One of the new isolates, the hitherto unknown coccus-shaped bacterial strain WAL 14507T (=ATCC BAA-1564T=DSM 19850T) is proposed as representing the type strain of a novel species, Blautia wexlerae sp. nov.
Topics: Acetates; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridium; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Feces; Genes, rRNA; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ruminococcus; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Succinates
PubMed: 18676476
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65208-0