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International Ophthalmology Oct 2022Dry eye syndrome (DES) is multifactorial and likely to be a cause of concern more so than ever given the rapid pace of modernization, which is directly associated with... (Review)
Review
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is multifactorial and likely to be a cause of concern more so than ever given the rapid pace of modernization, which is directly associated with many of the extrinsic causative factors. Additionally, recent studies have also postulated novel etiologies that may provide the basis for alternative treatment methods clinically. Such insights are especially important given that current approaches to tackle DES remains suboptimal. This review will primarily cover a comprehensive list of causes that lead to DES, summarize all the upcoming and ongoing clinical trials that focuses on treating this disease as well as discuss future potential treatments that can improve inclusivity.
Topics: Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus
PubMed: 35678897
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02320-7 -
Ophthalmology Jan 2019
Review
Topics: Academies and Institutes; Cyclosporine; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ophthalmic Solutions; Ophthalmology; Phenylalanine; Physical Examination; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Sulfones; United States
PubMed: 30366798
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.023 -
Home Healthcare Now 2018Dry eye disease is a chronic condition of the corneal surface marked by persistent symptoms of irritation or burning that can cause inflammatory damage to the cornea and... (Review)
Review
Dry eye disease is a chronic condition of the corneal surface marked by persistent symptoms of irritation or burning that can cause inflammatory damage to the cornea and conjunctiva if untreated. Common risk factors for this syndrome include advancing age, female sex, low humidity environments, systemic medications, and autoimmune disorders. Treatments to relieve symptoms include tear replacement, humidification, improved nutrition, and anti-inflammatory ocular agents. Home healthcare nurses can identify signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome and initiate strategies that range from warm compresses to physician referrals for more aggressive treatment. Consistent management of this condition improves quality of life and minimizes damage to the ocular surface.
Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chronic Disease; Disease Management; Dry Eye Syndromes; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Xerophthalmia
PubMed: 29498987
DOI: 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000652 -
PloS One 2022A meta-analytic approach was used to identify potential risk factors for dry eye syndrome. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A meta-analytic approach was used to identify potential risk factors for dry eye syndrome. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for studies investigated the risk factors for dry eye syndrome from their inception until September 2021. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random-effects model. Forty-eight studies comprising 493,630 individuals were included. Older age (OR: 1.82; P<0.001), female sex (OR: 1.56; P<0.001), other race (OR: 1.27; P<0.001), visual display terminal use (OR: 1.32; P<0.001), cataract surgery (OR: 1.80; P<0.001), contact lens wear (OR: 1.74; P<0.001), pterygium (OR: 1.85; P = 0.014), glaucoma (OR: 1.77; P = 0.007), eye surgery (OR: 1.65; P<0.001), depression (OR: 1.83; P<0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 1.65; P<0.001), sleep apnea (OR: 1.57; P = 0.003), asthma (OR: 1.43; P<0.001), allergy (OR: 1.38; P<0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.12; P = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.15; P = 0.019), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.20; P<0.001), stroke (OR: 1.32; P<0.001), rosacea (OR: 1.99; P = 0.001), thyroid disease (OR: 1.60; P<0.001), gout (OR: 1.40; P<0.001), migraines (OR: 1.53; P<0.001), arthritis (OR: 1.76; P<0.001), osteoporosis (OR: 1.36; P = 0.030), tumor (OR: 1.46; P<0.001), eczema (OR: 1.30; P<0.001), and systemic disease (OR: 1.45; P = 0.007) were associated with an increased risk of dry eye syndrome. This study reported risk factors for dry eye syndrome, and identified patients at high risk for dry eye syndrome.
Topics: Contact Lenses; Dry Eye Syndromes; Female; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35984830
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271267 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020Using metagenomics, continuing evidence has elicited how intestinal microbiota trigger distant autoimmunity. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that... (Review)
Review
Using metagenomics, continuing evidence has elicited how intestinal microbiota trigger distant autoimmunity. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the ocular surface, with frequently unmet therapeutic needs requiring new interventions for dry eye management. Current studies also suggest the possible relation of autoimmune dry eye with gut microbiota. Herein, we review the current knowledge of how the gut microbiota interact with the immune system in homeostasis as well as its influence on rheumatic and ocular autoimmune diseases, and compare their characteristics with SS. Both rodent and human studies regarding gut microbiota in SS and environmental dry eye are explored, and the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on dry eye are discussed. Recent clinical studies have commonly observed a correlation between gut dysbiosis and clinical manifestations of SS, while environmental dry eye portrays characteristics in between normal and autoimmune. Moreover, a decrease in both the / ratio and genus have most commonly been observed in SS subjects. The presumable pathways forming the "gut dysbiosis-ocular surface-lacrimal gland axis" are introduced. This review may provide perspectives into the link between the gut microbiome and dry eye, enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis in autoimmune dry eye, and be useful in the development of future interventions.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Disease Models, Animal; Dry Eye Syndromes; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homeostasis; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Metagenomics; Models, Biological; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 33182758
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228443 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem May 2018To analyse the concept of Dry Eye Syndrome in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To analyse the concept of Dry Eye Syndrome in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU).
METHOD
This is a concept analysis, according to Walker's and Avant's method, conducted using an integrative review, through search in the database. Science Direct, Scopus, Cinahl, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane and Web of Science. The following keywords were used: "Keratoconjuntivite Sicca", "Risk Factors", "Dry eye Syndromes" and "Intensive Care Units". After selection, 85 articles have been kept.
RESULTS
Antecedents found: age, lagophthalmos, environmental factors, use of medications, systemic diseases, mechanical ventilation and eye surgeries. Attributes: Tear Break-up Time < 10 s, Schirmer's test I < 10 mm, Schirmer's test II < 5 mm and signs and symptoms. Consequents: eye damage and discomfort; unstable vision. The Model Case and the Contrary Case were used to illustrate it.
CONCLUSION
The research provided clarification of the concept and consequent understanding of the Dry Eye Syndrome, which is preventable especially in ICU.
Topics: Age Factors; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye Diseases; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Respiration, Artificial; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29924155
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0582 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition resulting from reduced tear secretion from the lacrimal glands, increased tear water evaporation or the production of... (Review)
Review
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition resulting from reduced tear secretion from the lacrimal glands, increased tear water evaporation or the production of poor-quality tears. Such tear instability can lead to inflammation and damage of the ocular surface, as well as to abnormal nociception. Historically, tear substitutes and corticosteroids have been the bastion of DED therapy, but a substantial number of patients still suffer from residual symptoms even after being treated with traditional treatments. Aiming to find safe and effective alternative therapies, recent efforts have been focused on the role of vitamin D in the cellular physiology of the eye. Possibly because of its positive effect in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses, the systemic supplementation of vitamin D seems, indeed, to be an effective therapeutic strategy, especially, but not only, for patients affected by DED that does not respond to conventional treatments. In this context, this review focuses on the literature reporting on the pathogenesis and treatment of DED, with a special emphasis on the recent investigations reporting on the potential role of the systemic administration of vitamin D as a therapeutic approach in the management of such condition.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Dry Eye Syndromes; Vitamins; Tears; Lacrimal Apparatus
PubMed: 36674972
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021458 -
Nursing For Women's Health Feb 2019Dry eye syndrome is a common ophthalmic complaint. Women, especially menopausal women with comorbidities, are at greater risk for developing dry eye syndrome and...
Dry eye syndrome is a common ophthalmic complaint. Women, especially menopausal women with comorbidities, are at greater risk for developing dry eye syndrome and subsequent negative effects on their overall eye health. In this article, I review the anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface of the eye, pathophysiology of dry eyes and its complications, risk factors for menopausal women, and assessment tools that nurses can use. Implications for nursing practice are discussed, and a case example illustrates clinical points.
Topics: Aged; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye; Female; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30594503
DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2018.11.001 -
International Ophthalmology Nov 2019Dry eye is the most common eye disorder of tears and ocular surface. However, the extent to which diabetes mellitus may confer risk of dry eye remains uncertain. The aim... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dry eye is the most common eye disorder of tears and ocular surface. However, the extent to which diabetes mellitus may confer risk of dry eye remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis that synthesizes the association between diabetes mellitus and dry eye.
METHODS
Case-control studies were selected from the Medline, Embase, Cochrane database from January 2000 to March 2018. Two reviewers screened potential studies, and eligible studies were included according to keywords and predefined criteria. We calculated the overall risk estimates by using a fixed-effect model or a random-effects model in relation to heterogeneity.
RESULTS
A total of four studies were included in our meta-analysis consisting of 2,504,794 persons. Our study showed a significant association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of dry eye syndrome (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.08-1.57; P value = 0.006). However, the heterogeneity was observed (P value < 0.001, I = 95.2%).
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis suggests that diabetes mellitus has a significant association with the risk of dry eye. However, this result is limited by heterogeneity. Further prospective and concise studies are needed to confirm the association between diabetes mellitus and dry eye.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Dry Eye Syndromes; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31065905
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01110-y -
Current Opinion in Pharmacology Apr 2024Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent and multifactorial disease that leads to a self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation and damage to the ocular surface. This results... (Review)
Review
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent and multifactorial disease that leads to a self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation and damage to the ocular surface. This results in symptoms such as redness, burning, and blurred vision, which can negatively affect a patient's quality of life. While treatments are available to manage DES, they only temporarily relieve symptoms. Furthermore, long-term use of certain medications can cause harm to the ocular surface. Therefore, there is a need for safer and effective treatments for DES. This review highlights the latest advancements in DES therapy, providing valuable insights into ongoing efforts to improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Dry Eye Syndromes; Inflammation; Treatment Outcome; Eye
PubMed: 38277944
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102431