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International Review of Cytology 2001Dendritic cells are leukocytes of bone marrow origin. They are central to the control of the immune response. Dendritic cells are highly specialized in processing and... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells are leukocytes of bone marrow origin. They are central to the control of the immune response. Dendritic cells are highly specialized in processing and presenting antigens (microbes, proteins) to helper T lymphocytes. Thereby, they critically regulate further downstream processes such as the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes, or the activation of macrophages. A new field of dendritic cell biology is the study of their potential role in inducing peripheral tolerance. The immunogenic/tolerogenic potential of dendritic cells is increasingly being utilized in immunotherapy, particularly for the elicitation of antitumor responses. One very important specialization of dendritic cells is their outstanding capacity to migrate from sites of antigen uptake to lymphoid organs. Much has been learned about this process from studying one particular type of dendritic cell, namely, the Langerhans cell of the epidermis. Therefore, the migratory properties of Langerhans cells are reviewed. Knowledge about this "prototype dendritic cell" may help researchers to understand migration of other types of dendritic cells.
Topics: Animals; Basement Membrane; Cell Movement; Culture Techniques; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Infections; Langerhans Cells; Lymphatic System; Neoplasms
PubMed: 11352268
DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(01)07007-3 -
British Journal of Haematology Dec 2000
Topics: Antigens, CD1; Bone Marrow Examination; Female; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Infant; Langerhans Cells; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 11122128
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Cancer.... Sep 1994Selected aspects of the histopathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis representing diagnostic difficulty and/or controversy are presented with emphasis on the... (Review)
Review
Selected aspects of the histopathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis representing diagnostic difficulty and/or controversy are presented with emphasis on the composition of pathological lesions. Lesional cell phenotypes and the factors influencing variations are noted. Features of several skin-based histiocytic disorders, dermatopathic lymphadenopathy and Rosai-Dorfman disease are compared. Associations between Langerhans cell histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma and malignant disorders are considered. Observations of potential significance in the eventual elucidation of the pathogenesis of these enigmatic diseases are presented.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD1; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Langerhans Cells; Lymphatic Diseases; Phenotype; Skin; Skin Diseases; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile
PubMed: 7521200
DOI: No ID Found -
Immunology and Cell Biology 2010
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity; Langerhans Cells; Skin
PubMed: 20445631
DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.46 -
The British Journal of Cancer.... Sep 1994Langerhans cell histiocytosis is difficult to study because of its rarity. Although recent studies indicate that it may be a clonal proliferation this does not prove... (Review)
Review
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is difficult to study because of its rarity. Although recent studies indicate that it may be a clonal proliferation this does not prove that it is a malignant tumour. New methods for culturing dendritic cells and their precursors provide the opportunity to resolve issues relating to clonality, underlying genetic lesions and functional abnormalities in LCH or other lesional cells. The expression of the CD1a antigen on LCH cells provides a target for therapy.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Research
PubMed: 8075011
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Aug 2002
Review
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Lymph Nodes; Receptors, CCR7; Receptors, Chemokine
PubMed: 12186834
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021240 -
International Journal of Hematology Feb 2007Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells that occurs in lymph nodes, liver, skin, spleen, lung, and bone. We report a case of LCS... (Review)
Review
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells that occurs in lymph nodes, liver, skin, spleen, lung, and bone. We report a case of LCS in a 47-year-old man with a 6-month history of scalp mass and cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinical and pathologic data were available. A histologic examination demonstrated a proliferation of cells with malignant cytologic features. Because of its poorly differentiated morphologic features, hematologic and nonhematologic entities were ruled out by immunohistochemical screening with a broad panel of antibodies. Ultrastructural studies demonstrating Birbeck granules and consistent expression of CD1a, S-100 protein, and langerin by immunohistochemistry were helpful in identifying the Langerhans cell origin.
Topics: Cytoplasmic Granules; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 17321988
DOI: 10.1532/IJH97.NA0604 -
Diagnostic Pathology Aug 2012To study the clinico-pathological characteristics of Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) which involving epidermis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To study the clinico-pathological characteristics of Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) which involving epidermis.
METHODS
A case of primary multifocal LCS was analyzed in histopathology and immunophenotype.
RESULTS
A 41-year-old man with multifocal cutaneous LCS involving the inguina and waist was reported. Clinical and pathology data were available. Neoplastic cells with markedly malignant cytological features were observed. Tumor cells exhibited irregular shape with abundant and eosinophilic red staining cytoplasm; large, irregular-shaped, showing lobulated or dented nucleus and some cells with a longitudinal nuclear groove and prominent nucleoli. The tumor cells expressed CD1a, Langerin (CD207), S-100 protein, CD68 and vimentin, and did not express pan-T or B cell markers and epithelial markers. The patient died less than 1 year after diagnosis due to local recurrence and metastasis to the lung, despite the administration of local radiation and chemotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS
LCS is a tumor with markedly malignant cytological features that originates from Langerhans cells. Primary multifocal neoplasms involving epidermis is even rare. Accurate diagnosis is based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical of the tumor cells.
VIRTUAL SLIDE
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1182345104754765.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Epidermis; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Langerhans Cell Sarcoma; Langerhans Cells; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin Neoplasms; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22889043
DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-99 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 1993Analysis of the early stages of experimental skin cancer in mice has demonstrated that complete chemical carcinogens (e.g. DMBA or benzo(a)pyrene) and tumour promoters... (Review)
Review
Analysis of the early stages of experimental skin cancer in mice has demonstrated that complete chemical carcinogens (e.g. DMBA or benzo(a)pyrene) and tumour promoters (e.g. TPA) but not tumour initiators (e.g. urethane) deplete or functionally alter epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). These changes result in altered local immunity as antigen presentation through LC depleted skin results in either immune tolerance due to the generation of suppressor T cells or anergy. Parallel studies in sheep have shown that, following the application of DMBA, depletion of LC is due to increased migration of these cells from the skin whereas tumour initiators did not alter LC migration. Likewise benzo(a)pyrene did not trigger enhanced LC migration from the epidermis. Experiments in mice suggest that part of this increased migration after the application of DMBA is due to the carcinogen being handled as an antigen by the epidermal LC. However, this fails to explain the prolonged migration which follows. The implication of these studies is that early in carcinogenesis, altered immune function occurs as a result of LC depletion/modification, allowing aberrant cells to proliferate in the absence of immune destruction.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Cell Movement; Langerhans Cells; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 8357973
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jul 1980Eosinophilic granuloma (Langerhans cell granulomatosis) is the only basically nondermatological disorder consistently associated with the Langerhans cell. Its clinical...
Eosinophilic granuloma (Langerhans cell granulomatosis) is the only basically nondermatological disorder consistently associated with the Langerhans cell. Its clinical manifestations are protean. There is much circumstantial evidence to suggest that this disease is fundamentally immunologic. This is consistent with current concepts about the Langerhans cell.
Topics: Eosinophilic Granuloma; Humans; Langerhans Cells
PubMed: 7391611
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12521252