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Tropical Doctor Jan 2006Recent studies have shown that sunlight-induced immunosuppression negatively alters the skin response to mantoux test. This study aimed to compare the response of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Recent studies have shown that sunlight-induced immunosuppression negatively alters the skin response to mantoux test. This study aimed to compare the response of the skin to mantoux test over the volar forearm surface, the traditional site, which is exposed to sunlight and the inner thigh, an area which is not. In all, 45 children had the mantoux test administered using 0.1 mL of 5TU purified protein derivative. Reactive induration to the mantoux test was recorded in five of these children. The average induration of the volar surface was 8.2 mm, while that at the inner thigh was 11.6 mm. The results have highlighted the potential of an enhanced mantoux test result, if parts of the body that are not exposed to high doses of ultraviolet light are used as the site for mantoux test.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Forearm; Humans; Infant; Male; Skin; Sunlight; Thigh; Tuberculin; Tuberculin Test; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 16483433
DOI: 10.1258/004947506775598860 -
Neurology Oct 1998We discuss a patient with sarcoidosis presenting with cranial neuropathy and a cerebral mass lesion evident on imaging. Also, we review from the literature six patients... (Review)
Review
We discuss a patient with sarcoidosis presenting with cranial neuropathy and a cerebral mass lesion evident on imaging. Also, we review from the literature six patients with sarcoidosis presenting with cerebral mass lesion. We emphasize the diagnostic role of Mantoux test site biopsy in patients with dominant or isolated neurologic presentation because the involved sites are not easily accessible and Kveim's test antigen is not commercially available.
Topics: Biopsy; Brain Diseases; Granuloma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Parietal Lobe; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 9781567
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.51.4.1216 -
Atencion Primaria Jan 2011To compare the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency between Mantoux and Interferon-gamma techniques, using secondary sources. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
OBJECTIVE
To compare the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency between Mantoux and Interferon-gamma techniques, using secondary sources.
DESIGN
Study of the published literature with a high evidence-based sources of scientific information.
DATA SOURCES
A bibliographic search in the Cochrane database and Trip-database.
STUDY SELECTION
We found three Clinical Practice Guidelines and nine articles, which included one Systematic Review, one Meta-analysis, one article on the sensitivity of the new techniques, three cost-efficiency studies, and three prospective studies on the role of interferon-gamma release in the diagnosis of TB.
RESULTS
The new techniques have a higher specificity than Mantoux for the diagnosis of LTBI in contacts vaccinated in childhood with BCG. The most cost-effective diagnostic strategy for LTBI was Mantoux screening and confirmation with QFT-G.
CONCLUSION
Resources should be coordinated, limiting its use in studies of contacts in immunocompetent adults vaccinated with BCG, with Mantoux>5mm or Tuberculin doubtful cases.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Calcium Phosphates; Glycopeptides; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculin Test
PubMed: 20381206
DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2009.12.014 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Jun 1995Interpreting and acting upon results of the tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) can be confusing because the test is inherently ambiguous and published recommendations... (Review)
Review
Interpreting and acting upon results of the tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) can be confusing because the test is inherently ambiguous and published recommendations for investigation and prevention of tuberculosis are complex. This article presents a step-by-step guide to enable family physicians to make effective use of the Mantoux test.
Topics: Clinical Protocols; Family Practice; Humans; Isoniazid; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 7780314
DOI: No ID Found -
Chest Mar 1985Skin test reactions to PPD applied by Mantoux techniques were compared with reactions to tuberculin tine test (PPD-tine); tuberculin, old tine test (OT tine); Aplitest;...
Skin test reactions to PPD applied by Mantoux techniques were compared with reactions to tuberculin tine test (PPD-tine); tuberculin, old tine test (OT tine); Aplitest; and Mono-Vacc, tuberculin, old (Mono-Vacc) in newly arrived refugees from Cambodia and Laos. The reaction to Mantoux test was accepted as the "true reading" and compared to the reaction size to one of the multiple puncture tests (MPT). A 2 X 2 table was constructed and sensitivity, specificity, false negative, and false positive rates computed over a broad range of cut-off points for MPT. The MPTs were very sensitive (100 percent to 78 percent) but lacked specificity (78 percent to 18 percent) when a cut-off of 1 mm was used. Predictably, as the cut-off is moved to larger reactions, sensitivity decreases and specificity increases. The relationship between the two is emphasized in a receiver-operator characteristics analysis. The MPTs are not intended for diagnostic use. Reaction to the MPT should be interpreted with the same careful consideration that clinicians use to interpret reactions to the Mantoux test.
Topics: Asia, Southeastern; California; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Refugees; Skin Tests; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 3971759
DOI: 10.1378/chest.87.3.346 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1939
PubMed: 20782291
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4085.824 -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Dec 2005Tuberculosis is responsible for more then 2 million deaths worldwide each year and vies with HIV as the world's most fatal infectious disease. In many developing... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis is responsible for more then 2 million deaths worldwide each year and vies with HIV as the world's most fatal infectious disease. In many developing countries, attempts to control the spread of infection rely solely on identification and treatment of those with active disease, ignoring subclinical infection. However, in developed countries, large efforts are also expended to identify and give prophylactic drugs to people with latent tuberculosis infection. Until recently, the 100-year-old tuberculin skin test (Mantoux) has been the only available diagnostic test for latent tuberculosis infection, despite its many well-known limitations. Advances in scientific knowledge have led to the development of tests for tuberculosis that measure the production of interferon-gamma by T-cells stimulated in vitro with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens. These interferon-gamma tests are highly specific and unaffected by prior Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination or immune reactivity to most atypical mycobacteria. They are more sensitive than the tuberculin skin test in detecting people with active tuberculosis, and their results correlate more closely with M. tuberculosis exposure risk factors than the tuberculin skin test in people likely to have latent tuberculosis infection. Science has caught up with one of the oldest diagnostic tests still in use worldwide, and the adoption of new, tuberculosis-specific interferon-gamma-based tests should move us one step closer to better control of this insidious pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 16307510
DOI: 10.1586/14787210.3.6.981 -
Postgraduate Medicine Aug 1989Tuberculosis is on the increase in the United States, so physicians would be prudent to renew familiarity with the disease. Physicians should be prepared to administer... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis is on the increase in the United States, so physicians would be prudent to renew familiarity with the disease. Physicians should be prepared to administer the Mantoux test correctly and interpret the results according to the specific condition of each patient. Patients with certain diseases (eg, chronic renal failure, lymphoid disorders) are likely to be anergic but are also more likely than other persons to have tuberculosis. In these patients, the goal is to administer the test before they become anergic, so infection can be identified if it occurs. Preventive therapy is useful in some situations (eg, when public health is a factor) and should also be chosen on the basis of the individual patient, weighing the risk of disease against the risk of drug toxicity.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; False Negative Reactions; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Isoniazid; Risk Factors; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 2666974
DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1989.11704356 -
Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England) May 2018The Mantoux method of tuberculin skin testing has been used in tuberculosis (TB) screening of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the UK National Health Service (NHS) for many...
BACKGROUND
The Mantoux method of tuberculin skin testing has been used in tuberculosis (TB) screening of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the UK National Health Service (NHS) for many years. More recently, there have been problems with the supply of the Mantoux test solution presenting a challenge to its continued use.
AIMS
To review results of Mantoux testing and determine factors associated with positive Mantoux result, i.e. tuberculin reactivity, in NHS HCWs, with a view to streamlining the TB screening process.
METHODS
A retrospective descriptive study. We extracted data on HCW demographics, country of birth, previous stay or work in a high TB prevalence country, TB contact, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, previous tuberculin skin test (TST) and Mantoux results from the occupational health records of HCWs who had a Mantoux test during 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2010 inclusive.
RESULTS
We reviewed the records of 246 HCWs. Overall, 46% were Mantoux positive (defined as ≥6 mm skin induration). Factors associated with positive Mantoux result were BCG vaccination [odds ratio (OR) 2.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-4.66]; stay or work in a high TB prevalence country (OR 7.52; CI 2.76-20.46) and previous TST (OR 2.78; CI 1.25-6.19).
CONCLUSIONS
BCG vaccination, stay or work in a high TB prevalence country and previous TST were associated with positive Mantoux results. These factors could be used to predict Mantoux results, with the potential of substituting Mantoux testing.
Topics: Adult; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; State Medicine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; United Kingdom
PubMed: 29579283
DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy051 -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... Jun 2000Mantoux test expresses a delayed hypersensitivity induced after either BCG vaccination or a BK contact. In France, a purified protein fraction is used. The quality of...
Mantoux test expresses a delayed hypersensitivity induced after either BCG vaccination or a BK contact. In France, a purified protein fraction is used. The quality of technique and lecture are essential. The lowest positivity limit is > 5 mm. Sensitivity and specificity are imperfect. For the interpretation of positivity, the most important factors are the age of vaccination (the younger the child is, the lower the reaction is) and the infection prevalence rate in the group considered (the lowest it is, the highest a criteria may be used for induration > 15 mm). The background is most important for interpretation. The main situations are a postvaccinal test, a diagnosis of infection (or illness) or the environment of a contagious adult. A lot of situations are less clear and require the knowing of a risk factor (risk people, contagion...). In spite of these limits, Mantoux test is the only valid technique, useful when considered with other points: collective (prevalence of the illness in some groups) or individual (contagion, clinical or radiological signs...).
Topics: Adult; BCG Vaccine; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Transmission, Infectious; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Infant; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 10941480
DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)80184-0