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Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2016Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, also known as spontaneous pneumomediastinum, is defined as radiologically detected free air in the mediastinum, without preceding... (Review)
Review
Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, also known as spontaneous pneumomediastinum, is defined as radiologically detected free air in the mediastinum, without preceding trauma. It is a rare condition, mainly affecting young adults. It can be caused by coughing, strenuous sports or cocaine inhalation, however, 40% are idiopatic. Common symptoms are chest pain and dyspnoea. 75-90% can be diagnosed with a chest X-ray, and 100% with a computed tomography. Treatment is symptomatic and complications are rare, however, pneumothorax and pneumorrachis have been reported.
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Radiography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 26750190
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics International : Official... Apr 2021
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33881214
DOI: 10.1111/ped.14528 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Feb 2022
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Skin; Subcutaneous Emphysema
PubMed: 35438627
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0016 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Neck; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 35760727
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2022.06.005 -
Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine :... 2022Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema are known complications of liposuction and body sculpting procedures. Treatment options are limited, and recovery is often... (Review)
Review
Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema are known complications of liposuction and body sculpting procedures. Treatment options are limited, and recovery is often prolonged. We discuss a case of severe subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema after a skin-tightening procedure involving helium gas. The patient received one treatment of hyperbaric oxygen and was followed until symptom resolution. We review the known literature on hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment for subcutaneous emphysema.
Topics: Helium; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Mediastinal Emphysema; Subcutaneous Emphysema
PubMed: 35226978
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Internal Medicine Jul 1984Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum occur frequently in critically ill patients in association with blunt or penetrating trauma, soft-tissue infections, or any... (Review)
Review
Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum occur frequently in critically ill patients in association with blunt or penetrating trauma, soft-tissue infections, or any condition that creates a gradient between intra-alveolar and perivascular interstitial pressures. A continuum of fascial planes connects cervical soft tissues with the medlastinum and retroperitoneum, permitting aberrant air arising in any one of these areas to spread elsewhere. Diagnosis is made in the appropriate clinical setting by careful physical examination and inspection of the chest roentgenogram. While the presence of air in subcutaneous or mediastinal tissue is not dangerous in itself, prompt recognition of the underlying cause is essential. Certain trauma-related causes may require surgical intervention, but the routine use of chest tubes tracheostomy, or mediastinal drains is not recommended.
Topics: Emphysema; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema; Subcutaneous Emphysema
PubMed: 6375617
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic... Nov 2004Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema is uncommon. Its cause has not been determined precisely, but the entity is usually associated with suddenly raised alveolar pressure.
OBJECTIVE
Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema is uncommon. Its cause has not been determined precisely, but the entity is usually associated with suddenly raised alveolar pressure.
METHODS
Between 1980 and 2001, 114 patients with mediastinal emphysema of various causes were hospitalized in the Wolfson Medical Center. In 22 of these patients (19.3%) the emphysema occurred without an obvious preceding event and was classified as spontaneous. The commonest symptoms and signs were chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. All patients were kept under observation. Contrast esophagogram was performed in two patients who vomited. Pleural drains were inserted in six patients who had concomitant pneumothorax.
RESULTS
All patients recovered and were followed for at least one year. There were no complications and no recurrences.
CONCLUSIONS
Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema is usually a benign condition, which can be treated expectantly. The patients should be observed for 24 h. Recurrences are rare.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Drainage; Female; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Pneumothorax; Prognosis
PubMed: 15519176
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.05.050 -
Khirurgiia 2010
Review
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Drainage; Humans; Lung Diseases; Mediastinal Emphysema; Radiography, Thoracic; Smoking; Thoracic Surgical Procedures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 20419871
DOI: No ID Found -
Mediastinal emphysema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis: plea for conservative diagnostic approach.The Netherlands Journal of Medicine Nov 2007Spontaneous pneumomediastinum has been infrequently reported as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. Evidence-based guidelines are currently not available to help in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum has been infrequently reported as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. Evidence-based guidelines are currently not available to help in choosing the best diagnostic approach.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of the literature and looked for diagnostic clues that might indicate the need for a work-up to rule out oesophageal perforation.
RESULTS
In all 56 published cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, the condition was self-limiting. We report one additional case of a 31-year-old female who presented with a spontaneous pneumomediastinum and also epidural pneumatosis, complicating diabetic ketoacidosis.
CONCLUSION
Important pathology, such as oesophageal rupture, was not detected in any of the reported cases, and we suggest a restrictive diagnostic work-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Humans; Mediastinal Emphysema
PubMed: 18057458
DOI: No ID Found -
Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of... Apr 2006A 19-year-old man was punched on the back, and anterior chest pain appeared about 3 hours after injury. The patient was consulted a physician complaining of anterior... (Review)
Review
A 19-year-old man was punched on the back, and anterior chest pain appeared about 3 hours after injury. The patient was consulted a physician complaining of anterior chest pain. On chest X-ray, mediastinal emphysema was suspected, and transferred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed mediastinal emphysema. On esophageal radiography and bronchofiberscopy, no abnormal findings were detected. Conservative therapy was conducted, and symptoms had gradually improved. On the 8th hospital day, mediastinal emphysema was improved on chest CT. The patient was discharged on the 10th hospital day. The most frequent cause of mediastinal emphysema after trauma is traffic or downfall accident, and no report on this condition after the punch on the back was found.
Topics: Adult; Back Injuries; Chest Pain; Humans; Male; Mediastinal Emphysema; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds, Nonpenetrating
PubMed: 16613155
DOI: No ID Found