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Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... Feb 2019Schizoaffective disorder (SAD) is a chronic, potentially disabling psychotic disorder common in clinical settings. SAD often has been used as a diagnosis for individuals... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Schizoaffective disorder (SAD) is a chronic, potentially disabling psychotic disorder common in clinical settings. SAD often has been used as a diagnosis for individuals having an admixture of mood and psychotic symptoms whose diagnosis is uncertain. Its hallmark is the presence of symptoms of a major mood episode (either a depressive or manic episode) concurrent with symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia, such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
METHODS
A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted to identify articles on SAD. We also reviewed major textbooks and DSM-5 to identify pertinent information.
RESULTS
This review begins with the history and classification of SAD. Debate continues to swirl around the concept, as some experts view SAD as an independent disorder, while others see SAD as either a form of schizophrenia or a mood disorder. The disorder is more common in women and its course follows the middle ground between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. SAD appears to have high heritability. Most patients appear to benefit from antipsychotics plus antidepressants and/or mood stabilizers, depending on whether the patient has the depressive or bipolar subtype. Electroconvulsive therapy can also be effective.
CONCLUSIONS
SAD is a chronic psychotic disorder that continues to be controversial. There has been inadequate research regarding its epidemiology, course, etiologic factors, and treatment.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Australia; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 30699217
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychopathology 2023There is a growing interest in understanding the impact of video games in the clinical field, given that their excessive use could be associated with health issues.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is a growing interest in understanding the impact of video games in the clinical field, given that their excessive use could be associated with health issues. Particularly, gaming disorder (GD) is considered as an addictive behavioral disorder. Clinicians widely recognize the comorbidity of gaming and psychotic disorders (PDs). Furthermore, association between addictive (i.e., substance use disorders) and PDs are well recognized by clinicians. It seems of high interest to explore GD among people with PDs. To this day, little is known about the consequences of GD in vulnerable populations.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the available research on the comorbidity between GD and PD and to identify the knowledge gaps in this field.
METHODS
We used Levac's six-stage methodology for scoping review. Two-hundred and forty-two articles from seven databases were identified. Eight articles respected our inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
No available study has assessed the prevalence or incidence of GD among patients with PDs. The cases reported highlight the possibility that excessive video gameplay or abrupt gaming disruption could trigger psychosis in some patients.
CONCLUSION
The results highlight a significant lack of knowledge concerning PDs associated with GD as only a few reported cases and one empirical study exposed the potential association between those conditions.
Topics: Humans; Video Games; Behavior, Addictive; Psychotic Disorders; Comorbidity; Prevalence; Internet
PubMed: 36318899
DOI: 10.1159/000527143 -
Neuropsychology Review Dec 2018Individuals with disorders that include psychotic symptoms (i.e. psychotic disorders) experience broad cognitive impairments in the chronic state, indicating a dimension... (Review)
Review
Individuals with disorders that include psychotic symptoms (i.e. psychotic disorders) experience broad cognitive impairments in the chronic state, indicating a dimension of abnormality associated with the experience of psychosis. These impairments negatively impact functional outcome, contributing to the disabling nature of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. The robust and reliable nature of cognitive deficits has led researchers to explore the timing and profile of impairments, as this may elucidate different neurodevelopmental patterns in individuals who experience psychosis. Here, we review the literature on cognitive deficits across the life span of individuals with psychotic disorder and psychotic-like experiences, highlighting the dimensional nature of both psychosis and cognitive ability. We identify premorbid generalized cognitive impairment in schizophrenia that worsens throughout development, and stabilizes by the first-episode of psychosis, suggesting a neurodevelopmental course. Research in affective psychosis is less clear, with mixed evidence regarding premorbid deficits, but a fairly reliable generalized deficit at first-episode, which appears to worsen into the chronic state. In general, cognitive impairments are most severe in schizophrenia, intermediate in bipolar disorder, and the least severe in psychotic depression. In all groups, cognitive deficits are associated with poorer functional outcome. Finally, while the generalized deficit is the clearest and most reliable signal, data suggests specific deficits in verbal memory across all groups, specific processing speed impairments in schizophrenia and executive functioning impairments in bipolar disorder. Cognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders that provide a window into understanding developmental course and risk for psychosis.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 30343458
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9388-2 -
CNS Spectrums Aug 2016The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 2013, and the Work Group... (Review)
Review
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 2013, and the Work Group on the Classification of Psychotic disorders (WGPD), installed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is expected to publish the new chapter about schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders in 2017. We reviewed the available literature to summarize the major changes, innovations, and developments of both manuals. If available and possible, we outline the theoretical background behind these changes. Due to the fact that the development of ICD-11 has not yet been completed, the details about ICD-11 are still proposals under ongoing revision. In this ongoing process, they may be revised and therefore have to be seen as proposals. DSM-5 has eliminated schizophrenia subtypes and replaced them with a dimensional approach based on symptom assessments. ICD-11 will most likely go in a similar direction, as both manuals are planned to be more harmonized, although some differences will remain in details and the conceptual orientation. Next to these modifications, ICD-11 will provide a transsectional diagnostic criterion for schizoaffective disorders and a reorganization of acute and transient psychotic and delusional disorders. In this manuscript, we will compare the 2 classification systems.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizotypal Personality Disorder
PubMed: 27418328
DOI: 10.1017/S1092852916000316 -
International Review of Psychiatry... 2023Substance-induced psychosis is a secondary psychotic disorder resulting from drug abuse, characterized by one or more psychotic episodes. Drug-induced psychosis is... (Review)
Review
Substance-induced psychosis is a secondary psychotic disorder resulting from drug abuse, characterized by one or more psychotic episodes. Drug-induced psychosis is expected to resolve after a 30-day period of sobriety, however, individuals with this condition are more likely to develop severe drug addiction. Compared to primary psychosis, participants with drug-induced psychosis exhibit poorer family history of psychotic diseases, higher insight, fewer positive and negative symptoms, more depressive symptoms, and greater anxiety. Substance-induced psychosis is strongly associated with the emergence of bipolar illness or schizophrenia spectrum disorder, with an increased chance of developing schizophrenia at a younger age. Episodes of self-harm after substance-induced psychosis are strongly linked to an elevated likelihood of developing schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Effective treatment involves ruling out emergencies, investigating underlying causes, and addressing acute intoxication and withdrawal. Management includes dynamic assessment, intervention, and vigilant monitoring in cases of suicidal behaviour. Antipsychotics may be used for short term, with gradual discontinuation when a person is in a stable condition. Relapse prevention strategies, both medication and non-medication-based, are crucial in long-term management. Conversion rates to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder can be as high as one in three individuals, with users and those with early-onset substance abuse at the highest risk.
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Bipolar Disorder; Antipsychotic Agents; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 38299647
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2261544 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly Dec 2020Those suffering with serious mental illness (SMI), such as psychotic disorders, experience life expectancy 15 years shorter than the general population. Cardiovascular... (Review)
Review
The Acceptability and Feasibility of Using Text Messaging to Support the Delivery of Physical Health Care in those Suffering from a Psychotic Disorder: a Review of the Literature.
Those suffering with serious mental illness (SMI), such as psychotic disorders, experience life expectancy 15 years shorter than the general population. Cardiovascular disease is the biggest cause of death in those with psychotic disease and many risk factors may be limited by healthy lifestyle choices. Text messaging interventions represent mobile health (mHealth), a nascent way to deliver physical health care to those suffering with a psychotic disorder. This paper aims to review the literature on the feasibility of text messaging to support the delivery of physical health care in those with a psychotic disorder. A thorough electronic database literature review of Medline via Ovid, Embase, APA Psycinfo, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science was conducted. Articles were included if text messaging was used as an intervention targeting the physical health of patients with psychotic disorders. A final sample of 11 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, of which, 3 were ongoing randomised controlled trials. Of the 8 completed trials, all demonstrated the promising feasibility of text messaging, assessed via quotes, conversation samples, response rates, questionnaires or directly based on physical results. 36% of studies analysed those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, 55% with SMI and 9% with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, mood disorders or anxiety disorders. Text messaging was used as motivation or reminders (91%), service delivery (27%) or social support (27%) with studies targeting multiple themes simultaneously. This review highlights compelling evidence for the feasibility of text messaging for improvement of physical health in those suffering with psychotic disorders.
Topics: Cell Phone; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Telemedicine; Text Messaging
PubMed: 32970312
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09847-x -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2018Psychosis is characterized by overt disruptions in thought, perceptions, and behavior. Complex syndromes presenting with psychosis, including schizophrenia spectrum... (Review)
Review
Psychosis is characterized by overt disruptions in thought, perceptions, and behavior. Complex syndromes presenting with psychosis, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders, mood disorders, and medical illnesses, are differentiated by characteristic patterns of symptom presentation and course of illness. Accurate diagnosis is important to guide treatment and to avoid inaccurate labeling, because most youth reporting psychotic-like experiences do not have a true psychotic disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Antipsychotic Agents; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Hallucinations; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 29706159
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.01.021 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Apr 2014Organ transplantation decisions are complex, and psychosocial assessment is an important part of the process. The impact of pretransplant psychotic disorder on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Organ transplantation decisions are complex, and psychosocial assessment is an important part of the process. The impact of pretransplant psychotic disorder on posttransplant outcomes is unclear, but some guidelines cite psychosis as a relative contraindication to organ transplantation because of concerns about medication adherence and poor postoperative outcomes. This review explores the evidence for poorer solid organ transplant outcomes for people with preexisting psychotic disorders and discusses future directions for how research can contribute to a better understanding of how organ transplantation outcomes are affected by psychotic illness.
RECENT FINDINGS
When added to the existing small body of literature, recent findings show a continuing insufficient evidence base to suggest that the presence of psychotic disorder increases risk of poorer adherence and outcomes. The evidence points to social isolation being a key factor in poorer adherence posttransplant.
SUMMARY
Further research is needed to determine the impact of psychotic disorder on transplant outcomes, but based on current evidence a diagnosis of psychotic disorder should not preclude consideration for organ transplantation.
Topics: Eligibility Determination; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Psychotic Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24553499
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000057 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2020A 36-year-old previously healthy woman with no personal or family history of mental illness presented with new-onset psychosis after a diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19....
A 36-year-old previously healthy woman with no personal or family history of mental illness presented with new-onset psychosis after a diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19. Her psychotic symptoms initially improved with antipsychotics and benzodiazepines and further improved with resolution of COVID-19 symptoms. This is the first case of COVID-19-associated psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of a severe mood or psychotic disorder presenting with symptomatic COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these individuals.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Psychotic Disorders; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32784244
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236940 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Nov 2018The ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems will move toward a narrower concept of "acute and transient psychotic disorders" (ATPD)... (Review)
Review
The ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems will move toward a narrower concept of "acute and transient psychotic disorders" (ATPD) characterized by the remnant "polymorphic psychotic disorder" (APPD) of the current ICD-10 category, also including schizophrenic and predominantly delusional subtypes. To assess the validity of APPD, relevant articles published between January 1993 and September 2017 were found through searches in PubMed and Web of Science. APPD is a rare mental disorder and affects significantly more women than men in early-middle adulthood. Its diagnostic reliability is relatively low, and its consistency reaches just 53.8% on average over 8.8 years, but is significantly greater than either of ATPD subtypes, which are more likely to progress to schizophrenia and related disorders. Although APPD has distinctive features and higher predictive power, its rarity and the fleeting and polymorphic nature of its symptoms could reduce its usefulness in clinical practice and discourage research.
Topics: Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Psychotic Disorders; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 30256333
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000882