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Schizophrenia Research Apr 2019
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Needs Assessment; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 31101297
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.04.007 -
Psychiatry Research May 2014The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of three groups of patients in treatment for cocaine dependence: patients without any psychotic symptoms... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of three groups of patients in treatment for cocaine dependence: patients without any psychotic symptoms (NS), patients with transient psychotic symptoms (PS) and patients with cocaine-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD). An observational and retrospective study of 150 cocaine-dependent patients undergoing treatment in the Drug Unit of the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital Vall d׳Hebron in Barcelona (Spain) using these three groups, NS, PS and CIPD, was performed. All patients were evaluated with the PRISM interview. ANOVA, χ2 tests and multivariate multinomial regression analysis were used to perform statistical analyses. Seven patients with a primary psychotic disorder were discharged. Forty-six patients (32.1%) did not report any psychotic symptoms. Ninety-seven patients (67.9%) presented with a history of any cocaine-induced psychotic symptom and were considered as the cocaine-induced psychotic (CIP) group. Among them, 39 (27.3%) were included in the PS group and 58 (40.6%) were included in the CIPD group. A history of imprisonment was found significantly more frequently in the PS group than in the NS group. The distribution of age at onset of dependence, lifetime cannabis abuse or dependence and imprisonment were significantly different between the NS and CIPD groups. We conclude that in cocaine-dependent patients, clinicians should be advised about the risk of development of psychotic symptoms. The presence of some psychotic symptoms could increase the potential risks of disturbing behaviours.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Age of Onset; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Psychotic Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Spain; Young Adult
PubMed: 24629712
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.026 -
Psychopathology 2022Short-lived psychotic disorders as currently listed under "acute and transient psychotic disorder," ICD-11 Classification of Mental, Behavioural, and Neurodevelopmental... (Review)
Review
Short-lived psychotic disorders as currently listed under "acute and transient psychotic disorder," ICD-11 Classification of Mental, Behavioural, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, and "brief psychotic disorder," Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), constitute a point of divergence in the classification of psychotic disorders between the 2 diagnostic systems, which reveals the lack of knowledge about these conditions. Whether this is due to conceptual shortcomings inherent to the categories themselves and which spill over onto research or reflects a mismatch between the diagnostic criteria used and research techniques needs clarification. This study aimed to examine conceptual issues involved in the development of the above categories and shows that little continuity exists between earlier nosological concepts such as bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis, and reactive psychosis and modern descriptive categories used to classify short-lived psychotic disorders. It seems likely that shortcomings in terms of symptom completeness, specificity, and heterogeneity, in addition to changes in definition and diagnostic criteria in successive DSM and ICD versions, have hampered empirical research, making it difficult to enhance the understanding of these conditions and achieve a closer concordance between the 2 classificatory systems.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 34802004
DOI: 10.1159/000520087 -
Current Opinion in Psychiatry May 2015Co-occurrence of psychotic symptoms with symptoms typically thought of as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well known, and there has been considerable debate... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Co-occurrence of psychotic symptoms with symptoms typically thought of as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well known, and there has been considerable debate whether this represents a psychotic subtype or a comorbid psychotic disorder.
RECENT FINDINGS
Psychotic symptoms typical of schizophrenia occur with a higher than expected frequency in PTSD. A large genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified a collection of genes associated with PTSD, and these genes overlap with those identified as increasing the risk of developing schizophrenia.
SUMMARY
Up to 70% of returning veterans experience symptoms of PTSD. These individuals also fall within the peak age range for the onset of schizophrenia. PTSD with psychosis may occur for several reasons: trauma increases one's risk for schizophrenia and PTSD; patients with schizophrenia have a higher incidence of PTSD and may present with characteristic psychotic symptoms overlapping with psychosis in schizophrenia. Secondary to symptom overlap, there may be substantial misdiagnosis of psychotic disorders as PTSD, or nonidentification of a comorbid psychotic disorder. This overlap calls into question traditional diagnostic boundaries with implications for initial and long-term treatment of PTSD and psychosis. This review will discuss the recent literature relating to the association of PTSD with schizophrenia.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; United States; Veterans
PubMed: 25785709
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000158 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2016Many patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder suffer from impairments in social functioning and social cognition. To target these impairments,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Many patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder suffer from impairments in social functioning and social cognition. To target these impairments, mentalization-based treatment for psychotic disorder, a psychodynamic treatment rooted in attachment theory, has been developed. It is expected to improve social cognition, and thereby to improve social functioning. The treatment is further expected to increase quality of life and the awareness of having a mental disorder, and to reduce substance abuse, social stress reactivity, positive symptoms, negative, anxious and depressive symptoms.
METHODS/DESIGN
The study is a rater-blinded randomized controlled trial. Patients are offered 18 months of therapy and are randomly allocated to mentalization-based treatment for psychotic disorders or treatment as usual. Patients are recruited from outpatient departments of the Rivierduinen mental health institute, the Netherlands, and are aged 18 to 55 years and have been diagnosed with a non-affective psychotic disorder. Social functioning, the primary outcome variable, is measured with the social functioning scale. The administration of all tests and questionnaires takes approximately 22 hours. Mentalization-based treatment for psychotic disorders adds a total of 60 hours of group therapy and 15 hours of individual therapy to treatment as usual. No known health risks are involved in the study, though it is known that group dynamics can have adverse effects on a psychiatric disorder.
DISCUSSION
If Mentalization-based treatment for psychotic disorders proves to be effective, it could be a useful addition to treatment.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Dutch Trial Register. NTR4747 . Trial registration date 08-19-2014.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Protocols; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Outpatients; Psychotherapy; Psychotherapy, Group; Psychotic Disorders; Quality of Life; Single-Blind Method; Social Adjustment; Social Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Theory of Mind; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 27278250
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0902-x -
The Permanente Journal May 2021Amidst a rapidly changing legal landscape, cannabis use in the United States has become increasingly common in the past several years. There is strong evidence to... (Review)
Review
Amidst a rapidly changing legal landscape, cannabis use in the United States has become increasingly common in the past several years. There is strong evidence to suggest that chronic and early cannabis use increases the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, and there is at least moderate evidence that suggests ongoing cannabis use among individuals with a psychotic disorder worsens clinical outcomes (eg, decreased psychiatric medication adherence, more frequent psychiatric hospitalizations). In this Review Article, we provide a focused, clinically oriented overview of the epidemiology and characteristics of cannabis use among individuals with first-episode psychosis; evaluation of cannabis use; and treatment modalities, focusing on behavioral interventions suitable for outpatient primary care settings. We discuss the limited data supporting pharmacologic interventions for cannabis use disorder, specifically among individuals with first-episode psychosis, and the unique potential of cannabidiol to serve as a harm-reduction strategy for individuals who are not able or willing to achieve abstinence for cannabis.
Topics: Analgesics; Cannabidiol; Cannabis; Humans; Marijuana Abuse; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 35348056
DOI: 10.7812/TPP/20.179 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012The continuum model of psychosis posits that psychotic symptoms are distributed throughout the population, with diagnosable clinical disorder existing at a certain point... (Review)
Review
The continuum model of psychosis posits that psychotic symptoms are distributed throughout the population, with diagnosable clinical disorder existing at a certain point along this continuum. The total continuum is made up mainly of non-clinical cases with clinical cases of psychosis representing only a small proportion of the total extended psychosis phenotype. This paper is a narrative review of studies of psychotic experiences in the general population. The evidence indicates reasonably high prevalence rates of psychotic experiences in the general population, substantially higher than the prevalence of psychotic disorders, and that they are associated with increased risk of future onset of diagnosable disorder, particularly when the experiences are persistent. Psychotic experiences in the general population share an extensive range of risk factors with schizophrenia and therefore provide a useful phenotype in which to study the aetiology of clinical psychosis. Some types of psychotic experiences, such as paranoid ideas, bizarre thinking and perceptual abnormalities, may indicate a greater level of risk for psychotic disorder than other psychotic experiences, such as magical thinking. There is a need for research that further explores the interplay between psychotic experiences and other risk factors (including psychological, environmental, neurocognitive and genetic factors) in the evolution of psychotic disorder, the types of psychotic experiences that are most associated with risk for clinical disorder, the specificity of risk associated with psychotic experiences, and the possible adaptive advantages of these experiences.
Topics: Humans; Population Surveillance; Psychotic Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22239568
DOI: 10.2174/138161212799316136 -
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and... 2013
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosyphilis; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 24026752
DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12090217 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020First episode-psychosis (FEP) represents a stressful/traumatic event for patients. To our knowledge, no study to date has investigated thought suppression involved in...
INTRODUCTION
First episode-psychosis (FEP) represents a stressful/traumatic event for patients. To our knowledge, no study to date has investigated thought suppression involved in FEP in a Romanian population. Our objective was to investigate thought suppression occurring during FEP within primary psychotic disorders (PPD) and substance/medication induced psychotic disorders (SMIPD). Further, we examined the relationship between thought suppression and negative automatic thoughts within PPD and SMIPD.
METHODS
The study included 30 participants (17 females) with PPD and 25 participants (10 females) with SMIPD. Psychological scales were administered to assess psychotic symptoms and negative automatic thoughts, along a psychiatric clinical interview and a biochemical drug test.
RESULTS
Participants in the PPD group reported higher thought suppression compared to SMIPD group. For the PPD group, results showed a positive correlation between thought suppression and automatic thoughts. For the SMIPD group, results also showed a positive correlation between thought suppression and automatic thoughts.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with PPD rely more on thought suppression, as opposed to SMIPD patients. Thought suppression may be viewed as an unhealthy reaction to FEP, which is associated with the experience of negative automatic thoughts and might be especially problematic in patients with PPD. Cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended to decrease thought suppression and improve patients' functioning.
Topics: Female; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Negativism; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Psychotic Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Thinking
PubMed: 33375300
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010116 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2024Major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders are preceded by earlier manifestations in behaviours and experiences. We present a synthesis of evidence on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders are preceded by earlier manifestations in behaviours and experiences. We present a synthesis of evidence on associations between person-level antecedents (behaviour, performance, psychopathology) in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and later onsets of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorder based on prospective studies published up to September 16, 2022. We screened 11,342 records, identified 460 eligible publications, and extracted 570 risk ratios quantifying the relationships between 52 antecedents and onsets in 198 unique samples with prospective follow-up of 122,766 individuals from a mean age of 12.4 to a mean age of 24.8 for 1522,426 person years of follow-up. We completed meta-analyses of 12 antecedents with adequate data. Psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety, disruptive behaviors, affective lability, and sleep problems were transdiagnostic antecedents associated with onsets of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity and hypomanic symptoms specifically predicted bipolar disorder. While transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific antecedents inform targeted prevention and help understand pathogenic mechanisms, extensive gaps in evidence indicate potential for improving early risk identification.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Child; Young Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Prospective Studies; Psychotic Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 38494121
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105625