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Journal of Dental Hygiene : JDH Dec 2015Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 3 million Americans, primarily perimenopausal women. The syndrome is characterized by... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 3 million Americans, primarily perimenopausal women. The syndrome is characterized by dysfunction and destruction of exocrine glands leading to oral and ocular manifestations, xerostomia and keratitis sicca. Sjögren's syndrome commonly remains either undiagnosed or is diagnosed years after the onset of symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the concurrent presence of various signs and symptoms of the disease as established by 6 diagnostic standards set by the American European Consensus Group standards: oral symptoms, ocular symptoms, evidence of oral signs, evidence of ocular dryness, evidence of salivary gland involvement with positive Anti-Ro/La autoantibodies and a positive gland biopsy. Currently no definitive test or cure exists; treatment is predominately palliative and supportive.
CONCLUSION
With an aging population and heavier reliance on medications and treatments which cause xerostomia, oral health professionals are likely to encounter a higher incidence of xerostomia and Sjögren's syndrome more than ever before. The dental professional must recognize the signs and symptoms of xerostomia, include Sjögren's syndrome in their differential diagnosis, and communicate those findings and concerns to other health care providers, including the primary care physician, rheumatologist and ophthalmologist for evaluation in a timely fashion. This article discusses the dental professional's role in formulating a preventive oral health plan: meticulous oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, a complement of chemotherapeutic agents and more frequent recall care to avoid oral complications and improve quality of life. Dental hygienists can help patients understand the wide range of products available to substitute or stimulate salivary flow, prevent or remineralize early carious lesions and relieve candidal and bacterial infections. Ultimately this collaboration of care by the dental and medical professionals will benefit the Sjögren's syndrome patient and lead to better patient outcomes.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Oral Health; Quality of Life; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 26684993
DOI: No ID Found -
ARP Rheumatology 2023Primary Sjögren´s Syndrome is an immune-mediated disease characterized by exocrine glands dysfunction due to lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with sicca symptoms being...
Primary Sjögren´s Syndrome is an immune-mediated disease characterized by exocrine glands dysfunction due to lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with sicca symptoms being one of its main features. The disease may, however, present as distal renal tubular acidosis due to renal involvement, which can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening. We describe the case of a 33-year-old woman with hypokalemic paralysis and metabolic acidosis secondary to distal renal tubular acidosis, leading to the diagnosis of primary Sjögren´s Syndrome. Although rare, recognizing primary Sjögren´s Syndrome as a possible cause of distal renal tubular acidosis may elicit an earlier diagnosis and treatment, improving the patient´s prognosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Sjogren's Syndrome; Hypokalemia; Paralysis; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
PubMed: 37421194
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Clinical Practice. Rheumatology May 2006Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and malfunction of the exocrine glands, resulting in dry mouth and eyes.... (Review)
Review
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and malfunction of the exocrine glands, resulting in dry mouth and eyes. The syndrome can present either alone (primary Sjögren's syndrome) or in the context of an underlying connective tissue disease (secondary Sjögren's syndrome). Systemic features, resulting from cutaneous, respiratory, renal, hepatic, neurologic, and vascular involvement, often occur. Two types of primary Sjögren's syndrome are currently recognized: a benign disease that affects quality of life, and a systemic syndrome associated with increased morbidity and mortality owing to a high risk of malignant transformation, and that requires close follow-up. Ocular involvement, manifested as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is managed with local and systemic stimulators of tear secretion and supportive surgical procedures. Treatment of oral manifestations includes intense oral hygiene, prevention and treatment of oral infections, use of saliva substitutes, and local and systematic stimulation of salivary secretion. Cholinergic agents, such as pilocarpine and cevimeline, are helpful in patients with residual salivary function, and ciclosporin ocular drops seem to be of some benefit. Systemic immunosuppressives are reserved for treatment of severe extraglandular manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome. Anti-B-cell therapy is a new potential therapy for the glandular and extraglandular manifestations, such as glomerulonephritis or vasculitis, in addition to the management of lymphoma associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Induction of oral tolerance and gene-transfer modalities were recently attempted in animal models, with promising results.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Mouth Diseases; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 16932698
DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0165 -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2021Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a multifactorial systemic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology characterised by a wide spectrum of different clinical manifestations and... (Review)
Review
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a multifactorial systemic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology characterised by a wide spectrum of different clinical manifestations and scattered complications. Recently, great efforts have been made to elucidate mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease in order to identify exploitable therapeutic targets in SS. Similarly, novel insights have enabled to better define disease phenotypes and different outcomes. Ultimately, the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets and a better stratification of patients are paving new avenues for novel treatment options and treat-to-target therapeutic approach. In this review, we will provide a critical digest of the recent literature published in 2020 on SS pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and novel treatment options.
Topics: Humans; Phenotype; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 34874834
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/eojaol -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Aug 1975
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 815642
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2021
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 34251305
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/8vip9k -
PloS One 2016The association between Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and chronic hepatitis virus infection is inconclusive. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are...
OBJECTIVE
The association between Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and chronic hepatitis virus infection is inconclusive. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are highly prevalent in Taiwan. We used a population-based case-control study to evaluate the associations between SS and HBV and HCV infections.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We identified 9,629 SS patients without other concomitant autoimmune diseases and 38,516 sex- and age-matched controls without SS from the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data between 2000 and 2011. We utilized multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between SS and HBV and HCV infections. Sex- and age-specific (<55 and ≥55 years) risks of SS were evaluated.
RESULTS
The risk of SS was higher in patients with HCV than in those without chronic viral hepatitis (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.16-2.86). Conversely, HBV infection was not associated with SS (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.98-1.24). Younger HCV patients were at a higher risk for SS (<55 years: OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.62-4.35; ≥55 years: OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.84-2.62). Men with HCV were at a greater risk for SS (women: OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.94-2.63; men: OR = 4.22, 95% CI = 2.90-6.16). Only men with chronic HBV exhibited a higher risk of SS (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14).
CONCLUSION
HCV infection was associated with SS; however, HBV only associated with SS in men.
Topics: Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Female; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; National Health Programs; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Sjogren's Syndrome; Taiwan
PubMed: 27560377
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161958 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2018Sjögrens syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease affecting the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands. Xerostomia is a major... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Sjögrens syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease affecting the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands. Xerostomia is a major feature of this syndrome and greatly affects patient quality of life. The most typical clinical signs associated with hyposalivation are dysgeusia and dysosmia, dental caries, candidiasis, periodontal disease, gland inflammation, mucositis and oral ulcers. The aims are to investigate on Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) before and after dental care of SS patients. Fifty-two consecutive patients (mean age 48.9±2 years) were analysed. At T0, (baseline) T1 (3 months after T0) and T2 (6 months after T0), a Plaque Index and a Gingival Index were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test. If distribution was not normal, Friedman test was chosen instead of ANOVA. Dunns multiple comparison procedure was performed as post-hoc (IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software). A statistically significant decrease was observed both in PI and in GI between T0 and T1, T1 and T2, T0 and T2 (P less than 0.05).
Topics: Dental Care; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Gingivitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Periodontal Index; Sjogren's Syndrome; Xerostomia
PubMed: 29720329
DOI: No ID Found -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Feb 2012Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by progressive injury to exocrine glands accompanied by diverse extra-glandular manifestations. The... (Review)
Review
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by progressive injury to exocrine glands accompanied by diverse extra-glandular manifestations. The spectrum of Sjögren's manifestations expanded in recent years to include new symptoms and signs such as small fibre neuropathy, and also well-defined activity and prognostic indexes. Similar to other non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases, a mosaic of factors have been linked with the development and appearances of Sjögren's syndrome. Progress has been made unravelling those factors, including susceptibility genes, immunological parameters and various environmental factors in the last decade, some of which may enable targeted therapies, biological and non-biological ones, for patients suffering from this disease. Thus, herein we review the postulated aetiologies, pathogenesis and new insights related to Sjögren's syndrome.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 22424197
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.01.012 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Mar 2000
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 10806895
DOI: No ID Found