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Radiologic Clinics of North America Jan 2022Pediatric abdominal masses are commonly encountered in the pediatric population, with a broad differential diagnosis that encompasses benign and malignant entities. The... (Review)
Review
Pediatric abdominal masses are commonly encountered in the pediatric population, with a broad differential diagnosis that encompasses benign and malignant entities. The primary role of abdominal imaging in the setting of a suspected pediatric abdominal mass is to establish its presence, as nonneoplastic entities can mimic an abdominal mass, and to identify characteristic imaging features that narrow the differential diagnosis. In the setting of a neoplasm, various imaging modalities play an important role to characterize the mass, stage extent of disease, and assist in presurgical planning. The purpose of this article is to discuss a practical imaging algorithm for suspected pediatric abdominal masses and to describe typical radiological findings of the commonly encountered abdominal masses in neonates and children with emphasis on imaging guidelines and recommendations.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Neoplasms; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male
PubMed: 34836559
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.08.008 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Feb 2021
Topics: Abdomen; Aged, 80 and over; Cystadenoma, Mucinous; Humans; Male; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33626256
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2026560 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Feb 2021
Topics: Abdomen; Humans
PubMed: 32792090
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.06.008 -
Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden :... Mar 2023Incidental findings are common in abdominal computed tomography (CT) and often warrant further investigations with economic implications as well as implications for...
BACKGROUND
Incidental findings are common in abdominal computed tomography (CT) and often warrant further investigations with economic implications as well as implications for patients.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the potential of dual-energy CT (DECT) in the identification and/or characterization of abdominal incidental mass lesions compared to conventional contrast-enhanced CT.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This retrospective study from a major tertiary hospital included 96 patients, who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal DECT. Incidental lesions in adrenals, kidneys, liver, and pancreas were evaluated by two board-certified abdominal radiologists. Observer 1 only had access to standard CT reconstructions, while observer 2 had access to standard CT as well as DECT reconstructions. Disagreements were resolved by consensus review and used as a reference for observers using McNemar's test.
RESULTS
Observers 1 and 2 identified a total of 40 and 34 findings, respectively. Furthermore, observer 1 registered 13 lesions requiring follow-up, of which seven (two renal and five adrenal lesions) were resolved following consensus review using DECT ( = 0.008). The inter-observer agreement was near perfect (κ = 0.82).
CONCLUSION
DECT has the potential to improve the immediate characterization of incidental findings when compared to conventional CT for abdominal imaging.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Abdomen; Liver; Contrast Media
PubMed: 35918808
DOI: 10.1177/02841851221116306 -
Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001) Jul 2021Ultrasonography (US) is the first-line diagnostic tool for observing the whole abdomen. Unfortunately, a wide spectrum of refraction-related artefactual images is very... (Review)
Review
Ultrasonography (US) is the first-line diagnostic tool for observing the whole abdomen. Unfortunately, a wide spectrum of refraction-related artefactual images is very frequently encountered in routine US examinations. In addition, most practitioners currently perform abdominal US examinations without sufficient knowledge of refraction artifacts (RAs). This review article was designed to present many representative RA images seen in the clinical setting, with a brief explanation of the mechanism of these images, in certain cases through an analyzed and reconstructed method using computer simulation that supports clinical observations. RAs are encountered not only with B-mode US but also with Doppler US, contrast-enhanced US, and shear wave elastography. RAs change their appearance according to the situation, but they always have a significant effect on detailed interpretation of abdominal US images. Correct diagnosis of abdominal US relies on a deep understanding of each characteristic artifactual finding, which necessitates knowledge of basic US physics. When analyzing mass lesions, computer simulation analysis helps to reveal the global images of RAs around a lesion.
Topics: Abdomen; Artifacts; Computer Simulation; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Humans; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34021821
DOI: 10.1007/s10396-021-01097-z -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Oct 2015
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Parovarian Cyst; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 25910522
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.03.010 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Sep 2019
Topics: Abdomen; Aged, 80 and over; Aneurysm, Infected; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium bovis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31559438
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy996 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Dec 2021
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Rabbits
PubMed: 34528259
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12989 -
JAMA Jan 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Abdomen; Abdominal Pain; Abdominal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36534378
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.23320 -
Intensive Care Medicine Jun 2009To describe what is defined as normal intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and how body positioning, body mass index (BMI) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) affect... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To describe what is defined as normal intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and how body positioning, body mass index (BMI) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) affect IAP monitoring.
METHODS
A review of different databases was made (Pubmed, MEDLINE (January 1966-June 2007) and EMBASE.com (January 1966-June 2007)) using the search terms of "IAP", "intra-abdominal hypertension" (IAH), "abdominal compartment syndrome" (ACS), "body positioning", "prone positioning", "PEEP" and "acute respiratory distress syndrome" (ARDS). Prior to 1966, we selected older articles by looking at the reference lists displayed in the more recent papers.
RESULTS
This review focuses on the concept that the abdomen truly behaves as a hydraulic system. The definitions of a normal IAP in the general patient population and morbidly obese patients are reviewed. Subsequently, factors that affect the accuracy of IAP monitoring, i.e., body position (head of bed elevation, lateral decubitus and prone position) and PEEP, are explored.
CONCLUSION
The abdomen behaves as a hydraulic system with a normal IAP of about 5-7 mmHg, and with higher baseline levels in morbidly obese patients of about 9-14 mmHg. Measuring IAP via the bladder in the supine position is still the accepted standard method, but in patients in the semi-recumbent position (head of the bed elevated to 30 degrees and 45 degrees ), the IAP on average is 4 and 9 mmHg, respectively, higher. Future research should be focused on developing and validating predictive equations to correct for supine IAP towards the semi-recumbent position. Small increases in IAP in stable patients without IAH, turned prone, have no detrimental effects. The role of prone positioning in the unstable patient with or without IAH still needs to be established.
Topics: Abdomen; Body Mass Index; Humans; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Posture
PubMed: 19242675
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1445-0