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Compendium of Continuing Education in... Sep 2019Intraoral air abrasion is a technique in which abrasive particles are used to remove or alter tooth structure. Intraoral air-abrasion devices are available as standalone... (Review)
Review
Intraoral air abrasion is a technique in which abrasive particles are used to remove or alter tooth structure. Intraoral air-abrasion devices are available as standalone units that offer a variety of customization, such as modifications to air pressure, particle flow rate, and water flow rate, or as attachments to a dental unit, allowing for a smaller footprint in the operatory. Some devices used for intraoral air abrasion are able to limit excess particle spray through utilization of a shroud of water. Aluminum oxide, or alumina, is the most commonly used and most abrasive type of air-abrasion medium; it is used mostly to roughen or remove tooth structure. Other types of particles are intended for cleaning tooth surfaces. Previous research has reported negative and positive effects, as well as no effect, of air abrasion on the bond to dentin and enamel. The results of a study performed for this review show that air abrasion to both dentin and enamel with alumina at 60-psi pressure produced a visible roughening texture but did not negatively affect bond strength. Clinical applications for intraoral air abrasion in restorative dentistry include cavity preparation, cleaning of preparations, and removal of plaque and stain prior to restoring a tooth.
Topics: Air Abrasion, Dental; Aluminum Oxide; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
PubMed: 31478697
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Apr 2019Corneal abrasions can have potentially sight-threatening consequences if not accurately diagnosed and managed appropriately in the acute period. Simple corneal abrasions...
Corneal abrasions can have potentially sight-threatening consequences if not accurately diagnosed and managed appropriately in the acute period. Simple corneal abrasions can be managed with antibiotic and tetanus prophylaxis, analgesia, and next-day follow up with ophthalmology. However, if there is any suspicion for penetrating eye injury, corneal ulcer, a sight-threatening infection such as bacterial keratitis, or ophthalmic zoster, an emergent referral is imperative. In this report, we present a case of classic corneal abrasion and discuss the acute management of this common problem.
PubMed: 31223554
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4396 -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) May 2010What is the best treatment for traumatic corneal abrasion?
CLINICAL QUESTION
What is the best treatment for traumatic corneal abrasion?
RESULTS
Eye patching does not reduce pain in patients with corneal abrasions. Topical diclofenac does reduce pain in patients with corneal abrasions
IMPLEMENTATION
Pitfalls to avoid when treating abrasions: Treatment of small abrasions Treatment of larger abrasions When to refer for specialist treatment.
PubMed: 20463909
DOI: 10.2147/opth.s10700 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2018Denture stomatitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis are the growing problems in restorative dentistry. Chemicals play an important role as an adjuvant to mechanical... (Review)
Review
Denture stomatitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis are the growing problems in restorative dentistry. Chemicals play an important role as an adjuvant to mechanical cleaning of teeth, implants, surrounding tissues, and prostheses. Current mouth rinses are reported to affect the tissues and prostheses if used on a long-term basis. Sodium bicarbonate, the common baking soda, has been reported to be versatile. A search of the resources through Medline and Google Scholar was made to understand the current status of the mouth rinses and the use of sodium bicarbonate. Different MeSH and search criteria were used for the different search engines. Baking soda, being a common household item, with its ready availability, safety, minimal abrasivity, and bactericidal property makes it a patient-friendly mouthwash, component in the dentifrice, or chewing gum, which can be used on a long-term basis as an adjunct virtually free of any side effects.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chewing Gum; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Denture Cleansers; Humans; Mouthwashes; Oral Hygiene; Peri-Implantitis; Safety; Sodium Bicarbonate; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Denture; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Bleaching Agents
PubMed: 30409952
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_30_17 -
European Journal of Dentistry Jul 2022This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants.
OBJECTIVE
This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Weight loss (∆W) and depth loss (∆D) were used as abrasion indicators. Sealant samples from nine products were soaked in dentifrice slurry and abraded by using a toothbrushing machine with a brushing force of 300 g. The mean percentages of ∆W and mean values of ∆D after 24,000 and 48,000 strokes of brushing were compared by using paired -test. A comparison of these mean values among sealant products was performed by using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Scheffe's test).
RESULTS
Abrasive wear was observed in all sealants. Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan)-a fluoride-releasing unfilled sealant-exhibited the maximum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 1.14% ± 0.37% and 12.84 ± 4.28 µm, respectively. Delton (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States), a light-cured unfilled sealant, showed the minimum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 0.41% ± 0.09% and 2.93 ± 1.23 µm, respectively. No statistical differences were observed among unfilled sealants except when compared with Teethmate F-1. Similarly, no differences were observed when comparing among filled sealants and flowable composite.
CONCLUSION
Abrasive wear occurred in all sealants after brushing with dentifrice. Almost all unfilled sealants showed less wear compared with both filled sealants and flowable composite. However, the low abrasive values of all sealants after brushing with dentifrice implied that there is no clinical significance to this finding.
PubMed: 34856628
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735798 -
Dentistry Journal Mar 2022The aim of this study was to investigate abrasion on human dentin after brushing with activated charcoal toothpastes. A self-designed brushing machine was used to brush...
The aim of this study was to investigate abrasion on human dentin after brushing with activated charcoal toothpastes. A self-designed brushing machine was used to brush five groups (Group A: Water, Group B: Sensodyne Pro Schmelz, Group C: Splat Blackwood, Group D: Curaprox Black is White, and Group E: Prokudent Black Brilliant) with electrically powered toothbrushes for 4 h. The abrasive dentin wear was calculated using profilometry data. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analyses and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the composition of the toothpastes. Mean dentin loss by brushing were (71 ± 28) µm (Splat Blackwood), (44 ± 16) µm (Curaprox Black is White), (38 ± 13) µm (Prokudent Black Brilliant), (28 ± 14) µm (Sensodyne Pro Schmelz), and (28 ± 13) µm (Water). Groups A/B/D/E and group C each lie in one subset, which is statistically different from the other subset according to a post hoc Tukey test ( = 0.05). Within the limitations, it can be concluded that the content of activated charcoal in charcoal toothpastes had little influence on the observed abrasive behavior, although one of the charcoal toothpastes showed the highest abrasion on dentin.
PubMed: 35323248
DOI: 10.3390/dj10030046 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2006Recent audits show that corneal abrasion is a common presenting eye complaint. Eye patches are often recommended for treating corneal abrasions despite the lack of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Recent audits show that corneal abrasion is a common presenting eye complaint. Eye patches are often recommended for treating corneal abrasions despite the lack of evidence for their use. This systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of the eye patch when used to treat corneal abrasions.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to test the hypothesis that patching an eye following a corneal abrasion improves healing or provides pain relief.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) on The Cochrane Library (2005, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to April 2005), EMBASE (1980 to April 2005), LILACS (13 April 2005), NRR (2005, Issue 2) and SIGLE (December 2004). There were no language or date restrictions in the searches. We also searched the reference lists of included studies, unpublished 'grey' literature and conference proceedings and contacted pharmaceutical companies for details of unpublished trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared patching the eye with no patching to treat simple corneal abrasions.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted investigators for further information regarding quality of trials. The primary outcome was healing of the corneal epithelium and secondary outcomes were related to pain.
MAIN RESULTS
Eleven trials, which randomised a total of 1014 participants, were included in the review. Meta-analysis of seven studies with dichotomous healing outcomes favoured no patching on the first day of healing (risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.79 to 0.99). For days two and three there was no significant difference between the two groups. Of the nine trials that measured pain scores two favoured no patching and none favoured patching. Complication rates were low and no differences were noted in these between the two groups. No-patch groups generally received more adjuvant treatment with antibiotics and/or cycloplegics than the patch group which is an important confounding factor.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Treating simple corneal abrasions with a patch does not improve healing rates on the first day post-injury and does not reduce pain. In addition, use of patches results in a loss of binocular vision. Therefore it is recommended that patches should not be used for simple corneal abrasions. Further research should focus on large (greater than 10 mm(2)) abrasions.
Topics: Corneal Injuries; Eye Foreign Bodies; Humans; Occlusive Dressings; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 16625611
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004764.pub2 -
MethodsX 2022High-stress abrasive wear is a major material consumption process in mining and ore beneficiation industries. The common laboratory high-stress abrasion apparatuses...
High-stress abrasive wear is a major material consumption process in mining and ore beneficiation industries. The common laboratory high-stress abrasion apparatuses suffer from lack of capability of closely simulating the service conditions of grinding media and mill liners, being the main consumables in these sectors. The ball mill abrasion test (BMAT) is a versatile abrasive wear tester that facilitates reliable modelling of kinematics and contact mechanics of the industrial mills. Unlike 'standard' test devices, natural rocks of any type and/or blend with desired particles size distributions can be charged into the BMAT for testings under various ranges of liquids, grinding media and durations. It is simple to design, low-cost to manufacture, reliable to evaluate alloys performance and reproducible to rank abrasion-resistant materials. In this work, BMAT's two operation modes, BMAT-T (tumbling mode) and BMAT-C (cassette mode) are introduced. The performed comprehensive analysis on the method development, statistical assessment and further procedures refinement showed that:•In the BMAT-T, 20-hour tests using the planned operational parameters and normalisation method result in statistically reliable and reproducible outcomes.•In the BMAT-C, four 20-hr intervals, different operational parameters and specific specimen distribution pattern are needed to obtain high quality measurements.•The maximum observed relative standard deviation in the all statistical and alloy-performance evaluation campaigns was 6.6% - an excellent quality dimension for an abrasion test.
PubMed: 36385916
DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101900