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Biotechnology and Bioengineering Mar 2022Co-culture is a promising way to alleviate metabolic burden by dividing the metabolic pathways into several modules and sharing the conversion processes with multiple...
Co-culture is a promising way to alleviate metabolic burden by dividing the metabolic pathways into several modules and sharing the conversion processes with multiple strains. Since an intermediate is passed from the donor to the recipient via the extracellular environment, it is inevitably diluted. Therefore, enhancing the intermediate consumption rate is important for increasing target productivity. In the present study, we demonstrated the enhancement of mevalonate consumption in Escherichia coli by adaptive laboratory evolution and applied the evolved strain to isoprenol production in an E. coli (upstream: glucose to mevalonate)-E. coli (downstream: mevalonate to isoprenol) co-culture. An engineered mevalonate auxotroph strain was repeatedly sub-cultured in a synthetic medium supplemented with mevalonate, where the mevalonate concentration was decreased stepwise from 100 to 20 µM. In five parallel evolution experiments, all growth rates gradually increased, resulting in five evolved strains. Whole-genome re-sequencing and reverse engineering identified three mutations involved in enhancing mevalonate consumption. After introducing nudF gene for producing isoprenol, the isoprenol-producing parental and evolved strains were respectively co-cultured with a mevalonate-producing strain. At an inoculation ratio of 1:3 (upstream:downstream), isoprenol production using the evolved strain was 3.3 times higher than that using the parental strain.
Topics: Acceleration; Coculture Techniques; Escherichia coli; Metabolic Engineering; Mevalonic Acid
PubMed: 34914093
DOI: 10.1002/bit.28007 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Apr 2020Increased human water use combined with climate change have aggravated water scarcity from the regional to global scales. However, the lack of spatially detailed...
Increased human water use combined with climate change have aggravated water scarcity from the regional to global scales. However, the lack of spatially detailed datasets limits our understanding of the historical water use trend and its key drivers. Here, we present a survey-based reconstruction of China's sectoral water use in 341 prefectures during 1965 to 2013. The data indicate that water use has doubled during the entire study period, yet with a widespread slowdown of the growth rates from 10.66 km⋅y before 1975 to 6.23 km⋅y in 1975 to 1992, and further down to 3.59 km⋅y afterward. These decelerations were attributed to reduced water use intensities of irrigation and industry, which partly offset the increase driven by pronounced socioeconomic development (i.e., economic growth, population growth, and structural transitions) by 55% in 1975 to 1992 and 83% after 1992. Adoptions for highly efficient irrigation and industrial water recycling technologies explained most of the observed reduction of water use intensities across China. These findings challenge conventional views about an acceleration in water use in China and highlight the opposing roles of different drivers for water use projections.
Topics: China; Deceleration; Geography; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; Water; Water Supply
PubMed: 32209665
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909902117 -
Pediatriia Mar 1972
Topics: Acceleration; Adolescent; Anthropometry; Child; Child Development; Growth; Humans; Oxygen Consumption
PubMed: 5014693
DOI: No ID Found -
Neonatology 2013The optimal rate of enteral feeding (EF) advancement in very low birth weight infants is under debate.
BACKGROUND
The optimal rate of enteral feeding (EF) advancement in very low birth weight infants is under debate.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of accelerated EF advancement on the time to full enteral feeds, on early postnatal growth as well as on the frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and focal intestinal perforation (FIP) in very premature infants.
METHODS
In a retrospective single-center historic cohort study, infants with a gestational age <32 weeks at birth and birth weight <1,500 g, born between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007 (n = 136), were compared with infants born between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2010 (n = 88). In 2006/2007, enteral feeds were initiated on day 1 with 10-15 ml/kg/day and advanced by 15-20 ml/kg/day. In 2010, enteral feeds were initiated with 20 ml/kg/day on day 1 and advanced by 25-30 ml/kg/day. Full enteral feeds were defined as ≥ 140 ml/kg/day. Data are presented as median (P25-P75).
RESULTS
The time to establish full enteral feeds was shorter in 2010: 8 (7-11) days in 2006/2007 versus 6 (5-9) days in 2010. The incidences of NEC and FIP were 2.7 and 4.1% in 2006/2007 and 3.3 and 2.2% in 2010, respectively. Weight gain was not affected by the rate of EF advancement. Higher parenteral protein intake during week 1 in 2006/2007 was associated with better head circumference growth.
CONCLUSIONS
The new approach was associated with a significantly shorter period to establish full enteral feeds. No difference in the incidence of FIP or NEC was observed; however, the study was underpowered to detect small but possibly important differences.
Topics: Acceleration; Child Development; Cohort Studies; Enteral Nutrition; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Male; Meals; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 23095283
DOI: 10.1159/000342223 -
Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.) Feb 2024In this paper, we study a pattern formation in the epidermal layer of skin during tumor development and appearance of a binary surface consisting of healthy and cancer...
In this paper, we study a pattern formation in the epidermal layer of skin during tumor development and appearance of a binary surface consisting of healthy and cancer cells forming Turing patterns under external osmotic pressure. The basic methodology of introducing the external influences, for example, time-targeted drug therapy or radiation exposure, influence of electromagnetic fields, laser radiation or other tumor-targeting physical influences act differently in different phases of the cell cycle. In some cases, this can lead to a slowdown in the growth of cancer cells, and sometimes vice versa. Therefore, it is of particular interest to choose the right parameters such as starting time of external pressure, its magnitude and duration depending on the cell cycle of developing cancer cells. We propose a biologically inspired model that allows us to simulate the growth of cancer cells under conditions of osmotic pressure. We divide this growth into two phases. The first is characterized by active cell division, and the second by their growth. In this article, we introduce two types of pressure: short-term and long-term, and looked at what this leads to in different phases. We have found an interesting result, that there are some resonant points in time both in the first and second phases, when the introduction of additional pressure leads to the most significant slowdown in the growth of cancer cells.
Topics: Humans; Osmotic Pressure; Deceleration; Neoplasms; Electromagnetic Fields; Acceleration
PubMed: 38346009
DOI: 10.1063/5.0189550 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jan 2023Evidence for a reduction in stature between Mesolithic foragers and Neolithic farmers has been interpreted as reflective of declines in health, however, our current...
Evidence for a reduction in stature between Mesolithic foragers and Neolithic farmers has been interpreted as reflective of declines in health, however, our current understanding of this trend fails to account for the complexity of cultural and dietary transitions or the possible causes of phenotypic change. The agricultural transition was extended in primary centers of domestication and abrupt in regions characterized by demic diffusion. In regions such as Northern Europe where foreign domesticates were difficult to establish, there is strong evidence for natural selection for lactase persistence in relation to dairying. We employ broad-scale analyses of diachronic variation in stature and body mass in the Levant, Europe, the Nile Valley, South Asia, and China, to test three hypotheses about the timing of subsistence shifts and human body size, that: 1) the adoption of agriculture led to a decrease in stature, 2) there were different trajectories in regions of in situ domestication or cultural diffusion of agriculture; and 3) increases in stature and body mass are observed in regions with evidence for selection for lactase persistence. Our results demonstrate that 1) decreases in stature preceded the origins of agriculture in some regions; 2) the Levant and China, regions of in situ domestication of species and an extended period of mixed foraging and agricultural subsistence, had stable stature and body mass over time; and 3) stature and body mass increases in Central and Northern Europe coincide with the timing of selective sweeps for lactase persistence, providing support for the "Lactase Growth Hypothesis."
Topics: Humans; Acceleration; Agriculture; Body Size; Dairying; Europe; Lactase
PubMed: 36649422
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209482119 -
Journal of Periodontology Sep 2019Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been applied for periodontal regeneration. However, the application depends on bone defect morphology because bFGF diffuses...
BACKGROUND
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been applied for periodontal regeneration. However, the application depends on bone defect morphology because bFGF diffuses rapidly from defect sites. In a previous study, collagen-binding bFGF (CB-bFGF) has been shown to enhance bone formation by collagen-anchoring in the orthopedic field. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of CB-bFGF with collagen scaffolds in bone regeneration of horizontal bone defect.
METHODS
Cell proliferation activity and collagen binding activity of CB-bFGF was confirmed by WST-8 assay and collagen binding assay, respectively. The retention of CB-bFGF in the collagen sheet (CS) was measured by fluorescence imaging. The rat horizontal alveolar bone defect model was employed to investigate the efficacy of CB-bFGF with collagen powder (CP). After 4 and 8 weeks, the regenerative efficacy was evaluated by microcomputed tomography, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS
CB-bFGF had a comparable proliferation activity to bFGF and a collagen binding activity. CB-bFGF was retained in CS longer than bFGF. At 8 weeks postoperation, bone volume, bone mineral content, and new bone area in CB-bFGF/CP group were significantly increased compared with those in other groups. Furthermore, epithelial downgrowth was significantly suppressed in CB-bFGF/CP group. At 4 weeks, the numbers of osteocalcin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and osteopontin-positive cells at the regeneration site in CB-bFGF/CP group were greater than those in other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
CB-bFGF/CP effectively promoted bone regeneration of horizontal bone defect possibly by sustained release of bFGF. The potential of CB-bFGF composite material for improved periodontal regeneration in vertical axis was shown.
Topics: Acceleration; Animals; Bone Regeneration; Collagen; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Rats; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 30889294
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.18-0674 -
Bio-medical Materials and Engineering 2014In this study, a simple method based on the dynamic equation of motion was introduced to determine the moment of inertia using a commercial dynamometer, and an...
In this study, a simple method based on the dynamic equation of motion was introduced to determine the moment of inertia using a commercial dynamometer, and an optimization technique was utilized to estimate inertial parameters with the determined moment of inertia. To evaluate the feasibility of the developed method, three different passive speeds (i.e. 240, 270 and 300°/s) were chosen to confirm whether the moment of inertia values are the same irrespective of angular speeds. Moreover, the estimated inertial parameters (i.e., the mass, center of mass and moment of inertia) of the elbow attachment and the disk-like 3 kg-weight were compared with solutions of uniform square cube and solid disk, respectively. As a result, the values of moments of inertia of the elbow attachment were 0.216 ± 0.017, 0.215 ± 0.016 and 0.216 ± 0.017 kg · m(2) at angular speeds of 240, 270 and 300°/s, respectively. The values of the moment of inertia of both the attachment and weight were 0.821 ± 0.054, 0.823 ± 0.058 and 0.824 ± 0.053 kg · m(2) at angular speeds of 240, 270 and 300°/s, respectively. There were no significant differences among the speeds. The estimated inertial parameters of the attachment or the weight were very similar to the theoretical values. Therefore, it is expected that the developed method has the potential to estimate inertial parameters of a human body segment and to improve the accuracy and reliability of the studies on human dynamics.
Topics: Acceleration; Anthropometry; Body Weight; Computer Simulation; Elbow Joint; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Models, Biological; Movement; Muscle Strength Dynamometer; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 25226945
DOI: 10.3233/BME-141058 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Nov 2016Phase rectified signal averaging (PRSA) is a new method of fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) analysis that quantifies the average acceleration (AC) and deceleration...
OBJECTIVE
Phase rectified signal averaging (PRSA) is a new method of fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) analysis that quantifies the average acceleration (AC) and deceleration capacity (DC) of the heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate AC and DC of fHR [recorded by trans-abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (ta-fECG)] in relation to Doppler velocimetry characteristics of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
DESIGN
Prospective case-control study.
SETTING
Single third referral centre.
POPULATION
IUGR (n = 66) between 25 and 40 gestational weeks and uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 79).
METHODS
In IUGR the nearest ta-fECG monitoring to delivery was used for PRSA analysis and Doppler velocimetry parameters obtained within 48 hours. AC and DC were computed at s = T = 9. The relation was evaluated between either AC or DC and Doppler velocimetry parameters adjusting for gestational age at monitoring, as well as the association between either AC or DC and IUGR with or without brain sparing.
RESULTS
In IUGRs there was a significant association between either AC and DC and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI; P = 0.01; P = 0.005), but the same was not true for uterine or umbilical artery PI (P > 0.05). Both IUGR fetuses with and without brain sparing had lower AC and DC than controls, but this association was stronger for IUGRs with brain sparing.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study observed for the first time that AC and DC at PRSA analysis are associated with middle cerebral artery PI, but not with uterine or umbilical artery PI, and that there is a significant decrease of AC and DC in association with brain sparing in IUGR fetuses from 25 weeks of gestation to term.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Brain sparing in IUGR fetuses is associated with decreased acceleration and deceleration capacities of the heart.
Topics: Acceleration; Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Deceleration; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Monitoring; Gestational Age; Heart Rate, Fetal; Hospitals, University; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Middle Cerebral Artery; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 26395895
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13607 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022This study investigated the hierarchical structure of physical characteristics in elite young (i.e., U17-U19) basketball players according to playing positions. In...
This study investigated the hierarchical structure of physical characteristics in elite young (i.e., U17-U19) basketball players according to playing positions. In addition, their predictive value of physical characteristics was determined for the evaluation of players' physical preparedness. Sixty elite male basketball players performed 13 standardized specific field tests in order to assess the explosive power of lower limbs, speed, and change-of-direction speed. They were divided into three groups according to playing positions (guard [ = 28], forward [ = 22], center [ = 10]). The basic characteristics of the tested sample were: age = 17.36 ± 1.04 years, body height = 192.80 ± 4.49 cm, body mass = 79.83 ± 6.94 kg, and basketball experience = 9.38 ± 2.10 years for guards; age = 18.00 ± 1.00 years, body height = 201.48 ± 3.14 cm, body mass = 90.93 ± 9.85 kg, and basketball experience = 9.93 ± 2.28 years for forwards; and age = 17.60 ± 1.43 years; body height = 207.20 ± 3.29 cm, body mass = 104.00 ± 9.64 kg, and basketball experience = 9.20 ± 1.62 years for centers. For all playing positions factor analysis extracted three factors, which cumulatively explained 76.87, 88.12 and 87.63% of variance, respectively. The assessed performance measures were defined as significant ( < 0.001), with regression models of physical performance index (PP). PP of guards = -6.860 + (0.932 × -test) - (1.656 × Acceleration 15 m) - (0.020 × Countermovement jump); PP of forwards = -3.436 - (0.046 × Countermovement jump with arm swing) - (1.295 × Acceleration 15 m) + (0.582 × Control of dribbling); PP of centers = -4.126 + (0.604 × Control of dribbling) - (1.315 × Acceleration 15 m) - (0.037 × Sargent jump). A model for the evaluation of physical performance of young basketball players has been defined. In addition, this model could be used as a reference model for selection procedures, as well as to monitor the efficacy of applied training programmes within the short, medium and long-term periodization.
Topics: Acceleration; Adolescent; Adult; Athletic Performance; Basketball; Body Height; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 35055798
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020977