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Minerva Anestesiologica Jan 2012Approximately 500,000 deaths due to drowning are reported annually, 30,000 of which are reported in Europe. Because of the relatively low incidence of drowning victims... (Review)
Review
Approximately 500,000 deaths due to drowning are reported annually, 30,000 of which are reported in Europe. Because of the relatively low incidence of drowning victims at emergency departments, most emergency physicians do not routinely handle drowning victims. Although confusion regarding the classification and pathophysiology of drowning could be reduced by following the Utstein style consensus, the application of therapeutic modalities and, most important, the estimation of probable prognostic outcomes remain difficult for emergency physicians. This article presents an overview of the classification, pathophysiology, emergency-department treatment and prognostic outcomes of drowning accidents.
Topics: Accidents; Adult; Aging; Algorithms; Child; Drowning; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Hypothermia; Hypoxia; Near Drowning; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Rewarming
PubMed: 21623341
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine, Science, and the Law Jul 2003Drowning is one of the leading causes of death when the manner of death remains undetermined. In the present study, we examined the epidemiological and medico-legal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Drowning is one of the leading causes of death when the manner of death remains undetermined. In the present study, we examined the epidemiological and medico-legal profile of 276 undetermined deaths (M:F=3.4:1; mean age 41.9+/-16.0 SD) among 1,707 consecutive bodies found in water and autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, from 1976 to 2000. We also describe the differences between the police investigator's initial opinion and the forensic pathologist's death certification, and the different approaches among forensic pathologists when determining the cause of death. There was considerable variation among individual pathologists in the percentage of deaths considered undetermined but these differences were not significantly related to their level of training. Medico-legal training should focus on a standardised diagnostic approach to borderline cases, in which essential factors in determining the manner of death are often ambiguous.
Topics: Accidents; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Certification; Child; Child, Preschool; Coroners and Medical Examiners; Drowning; Female; Finland; Forensic Medicine; Homicide; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Police; Suicide
PubMed: 12899425
DOI: 10.1258/rsmmsl.43.3.207 -
Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official... 2014
Topics: Accidents, Home; Asphyxia; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Behavior; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Sleep; Sudden Infant Death; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 24967947
DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2014.9982 -
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Sep 2017
Topics: Accidents; Brain Death; Death, Sudden; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Happiness; Humans; Philosophy; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Virtues
PubMed: 28815381
DOI: 10.1007/s11673-017-9802-0 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Aug 2021Objective To study the preference relation between residence, sex, age and causes of accidental death of Chinese residents. Methods In this study, 72 residence-sex-age...
Objective To study the preference relation between residence, sex, age and causes of accidental death of Chinese residents. Methods In this study, 72 residence-sex-age groups and 8 causes of accidental death were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by correspondence analysis using the official statistical yearbook issued from 2014 to 2018, and the preference values were calculated. Results Among the 576 pairs of correspondences between the residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death, 352 pairs (61.11%) showed a preference relation (preference value>0). In terms of residence and sex, accidental death preference among Chinese residents was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and males were higher than females. In terms of the causes of accidental death, the overall risk of accidental mechanical asphyxia and motor vehicle accidents was the highest among all age groups of Chinese residents. In terms of age, with the increase of age, the preference value of accidental death of Chinese residents showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The comparative analysis results of the preference values of various causes of accidental death in different age groups showed that motor vehicle traffic accidents, accidental poisoning, death by crush and electric shock were more likely to occur in the working age group between 20 and 59 years old, accidental fall and fire were more likely to occur in the elderly group over 80 years old, and drowning and accidental mechanical asphyxia were more likely to occur in the minor group between 1 and 19 years old. Conclusion There are different preference relations between residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death in China. Therefore, effective control strategies and measures should be formulated for Chinese residents with preference for accidental death.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Aged; Asphyxia; China; Drowning; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 34726008
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.400311 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences May 2018Two cases of accidental deaths caused by the sharp ends of fence or gate posts are reported. Case 1: A 47-year-old man was found hanging by his ankle in an inverted...
Two cases of accidental deaths caused by the sharp ends of fence or gate posts are reported. Case 1: A 47-year-old man was found hanging by his ankle in an inverted position on fencing. He had attempted a shortcut to a railway platform by climbing over a metal rail fence. He had slipped and been impaled through his ankle by the sharp end of the fence post, resulting in death from positional asphyxia. Case 2: An 18-year-old male slipped while climbing over a gate and died after being impaled on a spear tip finial, which had lacerated his external iliac vein. Death was due to exsanguination. These cases demonstrate two rare examples of accidental deaths from impalement by the ends of sharp fence posts. Mechanisms of death in such circumstances involve suspension with positional asphyxia and vascular injury with exsanguination.
Topics: Accidents; Adolescent; Asphyxia; Exsanguination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Posture; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 28940542
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13654 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Mar 2012We compared written text on infant death certificates for deaths coded as sudden infant death syndrome (R95), unknown cause (R99), and accidental suffocation (W75)....
Differentiating cause-of-death terminology for deaths coded as sudden infant death syndrome, accidental suffocation, and unknown cause: an investigation using US death certificates, 2003-2004.
We compared written text on infant death certificates for deaths coded as sudden infant death syndrome (R95), unknown cause (R99), and accidental suffocation (W75). Using US mortality files supplemented with the death certifiers' written text for all infant deaths with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 assigned codes R95, R99, and W75, we formed cause-of-death subcategories from common themes identified from the written text. Among all infant deaths in 2003-2004, the underlying cause of death was listed as R99 for 2128 deaths, R95 for 4408 deaths, and W75 for 931 deaths. Among the postneonatal deaths, the differences in subcategories varied between assigned ICD-10 codes: for R99-coded deaths, 45.8% were categorized as "Unknown" and 48.6% as "Pending"; for R95-coded deaths, 67.7% were categorized as "sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)"; and for W75-coded deaths, 76.4% were categorized as "Suffocation." Examination of the written text on the death certificates demonstrates variability in the assigned ICD-10 codes which could have an important effect on the estimates of SIDS cases in the United States.
Topics: Accidents; Asphyxia; Cause of Death; Death Certificates; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; International Classification of Diseases; Sudden Infant Death; Terminology as Topic; United States
PubMed: 21981558
DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01937.x -
The Medico-legal Journal Dec 2023In the USA, intentional and accidental injuries are the most frequent causes of death in children. Many of these deaths could be avoided through preventive measures, and...
In the USA, intentional and accidental injuries are the most frequent causes of death in children. Many of these deaths could be avoided through preventive measures, and aetiological studies are needed to reduce fatalities. The leading causes of accidental death vary by age. We analysed all paediatric accidental deaths recorded by a busy urban Medical Examiner"s Office in Chicago, Illinois (USA). We searched the electronic database for accidental deaths in children aged under 10 between 1 August 2014 and 31 July 2019. 131 deaths were identified with a preponderance of males and African Americans. This is consistent with ratios of other deaths recorded for this age group (during the same period and area). The leading causes of death were asphyxia due to an unsafe sleeping environment (in subjects <1-year-old), and road traffic accidents/drowning (in subjects >1-year-old). Behaviours, risk factors and environments most likely to contribute to fatal injuries are discussed. Our study highlights the role of forensic pathologists and medico-legal death investigators who identify the causes and circumstances surrounding these deaths. The research results may help from an epidemiological perspective to implement age-specific preventive strategies.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Infant; Accidents, Traffic; Drowning; Asphyxia; Illinois; Accidental Injuries; Cause of Death; Wounds and Injuries; Suicide
PubMed: 37318061
DOI: 10.1177/00258172231178421 -
Medicine, Science, and the Law Jul 1994A case of unnatural death was registered by the police as homicide due to the hue and cry made by the local people. The police could not locate the 'murderer'. The case...
A case of unnatural death was registered by the police as homicide due to the hue and cry made by the local people. The police could not locate the 'murderer'. The case was ultimately referred to the Forensic Science Laboratory at Shimla. Examination of the evidence proved that the case was one of accidental death. The victim had been hit and dragged along by a moving train. The forensic aspects of the case are presented and discussed in this article.
Topics: Accidents; Forensic Medicine; Homicide; Humans; Male; Postmortem Changes; Railroads; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 7968408
DOI: 10.1177/002580249403400317 -
Transactions of the Association of Life... 1985
Topics: Accidents; Death; Humans; Jurisprudence; Suicide
PubMed: 4090136
DOI: No ID Found