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The Urologic Clinics of North America Oct 1979Acid phosphatase is a ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyses organic phosphates at an acid pH. Although the postpuberteral prostatic epithelial cell contains a... (Review)
Review
Acid phosphatase is a ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyses organic phosphates at an acid pH. Although the postpuberteral prostatic epithelial cell contains a uniquely high concentration of acid phosphatase, cellular components of bone, spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, and blood also contain this enzyme. The discovery that prostatic carcinoma cells often retain a high concentration of acid phosphatase characteristic of the normal postpubertal gland led to the recognition of the first clinically useful tumor marker. Recognition that the serum of patients with prostatic malignancy frequently contains an increased concentration of this enzyme has resulted in persistent efforts to identify the source, to accurately quantitate the level of serum acid phosphatase, and to determine the clinical significance of those levels. A variety of enzymatic and immunologic techniques have been employed to measure acid phosphatase. In the past, various substrates and inhibitors were utilized to increase specificity and sensitivity. Emphasis has now shifted to the development of radioimmunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in an attempt to enhance those parameters. Judgment of their efficacy awaits further testing and evaluation. The clinical significance of normal and abnormal serum acid phosphatase is constantly being reevaluated. In order to maximize the value of laboratory measurements, the clinical and pathologic status of the patient, the techniques employed in obtaining and storing the blood sample and the procedures used in analysis must be known and considered. Traditionally, the serum prostatic acid phosphatase has been thought to originate in the prostatic cancer cell and has been used to stage the disease. Until recently, elevated serum values have been accepted as an indication of extraprostatic disease, and were thought to rule out lesions confined to the prostate. The elevation of acid phosphatase levels in patients with disseminated disease or the failure of elevated levels to return to normal with treatment have been assumed to indicate a poor prognosis. However, unequivocal documentation of the validity of these statements is not available. Newer immunologic techniques for measuring acid phosphatase may significantly alter our current concept of its role as a tumor marker.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Bone Marrow; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; Humans; Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay
PubMed: 388794
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Clinical Chemistry 1972
Review
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Prostate; Rats
PubMed: 4563528
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60159-6 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aug 2012Acid phosphatase is ubiquitous in distribution in various organisms. Although it catalyzes simple hydrolytic reactions, it is considered as an interesting enzyme in... (Review)
Review
Acid phosphatase is ubiquitous in distribution in various organisms. Although it catalyzes simple hydrolytic reactions, it is considered as an interesting enzyme in biological systems due to its involvement in different physiological activities. However, earlier reviews on acid phosphatase reveal some fragmentary information and do not give a holistic view on this enzyme. So, the present review summarizes studies on biochemical properties, structure, catalytic mechanism, and applications of acid phosphatase. Recent advancement of acid phosphatase in agricultural and clinical fields is emphasized where it is presented as potent agent for sustainable agricultural practices and diagnostic marker in bone metabolic disorders. Also, its significance in prostate cancer therapies as a therapeutic target has been discussed. At the end, current studies and prospects of immobilized acid phosphatase are included.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bacteria; Catalysis; Eukaryota; Humans; Phylogeny
PubMed: 22684363
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9694-8 -
Clinical Chemistry Mar 1980Increased acid phosphatase activity in the serum and tissues of patients with Gaucher's disease has now been recognized for two decades, but as yet no relation has been... (Review)
Review
Increased acid phosphatase activity in the serum and tissues of patients with Gaucher's disease has now been recognized for two decades, but as yet no relation has been established between the enzyme and the etiology and progress of the disease. Here, we review results obtained by various investigators, ranging from a consideration of the methods used for the evaluation of serum acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease to the most recent findings regarding the purification and characterization of two acid phosphatase isoenzymes from the spleen from patients with Gaucher's disease. We also discuss the intracellular location of tissue acid phosphatase in patients with Gaucher's disease and its contribution to the increased activity in serum.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Gaucher Disease; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spleen; Splenectomy; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 6988111
DOI: No ID Found -
Giornale Di Clinica Medica May 1989
Review
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values
PubMed: 2666228
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry 1988Acid phosphatase is a secretory product frequently utilized as a tumor marker for disseminated, late stage (D2) prostatic cancer. In the 40 years since this association... (Review)
Review
Acid phosphatase is a secretory product frequently utilized as a tumor marker for disseminated, late stage (D2) prostatic cancer. In the 40 years since this association has been recognized, this enzyme has been subjected to extensive biochemical and immunological characterizations. These techniques have also been adapted for rapid and specific determinations of the prostatic isoenzyme levels using a variety of techniques. Since acid phosphatase levels do not become significantly elevated until late stage cancer, newer markers such as prostate-specific antigen have been sought which appear earlier and may be more useful for the screening and monitoring of high risk populations. At this time it is appropriate to review the current and future status of acid phosphatase as a diagnostic aid.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay
PubMed: 2465864
DOI: No ID Found -
Plant Science : An International... Jul 2022Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) is an important plant acid phosphatase, which can secrete to the rhizosphere to decompose organophosphorus, promote phosphorus use...
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) is an important plant acid phosphatase, which can secrete to the rhizosphere to decompose organophosphorus, promote phosphorus use efficiency, plant growth and development. However, little is known about the functions of intracellular PAP in plants, especially for soybean. Our previous study integrating QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis identified an promising low phosphorus (LP)-induced gene GmPAP17. Here, we determined that GmPAP17 was mainly expressed in roots and had a strong response to LP stress. Furthermore, and the relative expression in the root of LP tolerant genotypes NN94-156 was significantly greater than that of LP sensitive genotype Bogao after LP stress treatment. The overexpression of GmPAP17 significantly enhanced both acid phosphatase activity and growth performance of hairy roots under LP stress condition, it was vice versa for RNAi interference of GmPAP17, indicating that GmPAP17 plays an important role in P use efficiency. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis showed that GmRAP2.2 was involved in the regulation network of GmPAP17. Taken together, our results suggest that GmPAP17 is a novel plant PAP that functions in the adaptation of soybean to LP stress, possibly through its involvement in P recycling in plants.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Chromosome Mapping; Phosphorus; Glycine max
PubMed: 35643608
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111283 -
Leukemia & Lymphoma Nov 2000Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed enzyme family of the acid phosphatases. Nearly 30 years ago, TRAP became known to... (Review)
Review
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed enzyme family of the acid phosphatases. Nearly 30 years ago, TRAP became known to hematologists as cytochemical marker enzyme of hairy cell leukemia. Physiologically, TRAP is primarily a cytochemical marker of macrophages, osteoclasts and dendritic cells. TRAP is localized intracellularly in the lysosomal compartment. Recent data suggest also secretion of TRAP by some cell types, in particular by osteoclasts. Human, mouse and rat TRAP are biochemically well characterized. While the complete genomic sequence of TRAP has been elucidated, only limited information on the genetic details of the gene and its regulation is available. It appears that the intracellular iron content is involved in the regulation of the enzyme. The physiological substrates for this enzyme have not been identified yet and consequently the functional role of TRAP remains completely unknown, though some hypotheses have been forwarded, e.g. involvement in bone resorption and iron homeostasis (transport, metabolism). Taken together, research on the biology of TRAP has been intensive and has led to considerable progress on a number of fronts, including the cloning of the gene. Further studies are, however, still required to determine the role of TRAP in vivo.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Base Sequence; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Isoenzymes; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 11342331
DOI: 10.3109/10428190009113378 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... 1973
Review
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 4582282
DOI: No ID Found -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Aug 1967
Review
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 4874010
DOI: No ID Found