-
Essays in Biochemistry Jul 2021Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is a non-pathogenic soil bacterium known for its metabolic diversity and high natural transformation and recombination efficiency. For these... (Review)
Review
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is a non-pathogenic soil bacterium known for its metabolic diversity and high natural transformation and recombination efficiency. For these features, A. baylyi ADP1 has been long exploited in studying bacterial genetics and metabolism. The large pool of information generated in the fundamental studies has facilitated the development of a broad range of sophisticated and robust tools for the genome and metabolic engineering of ADP1. This mini-review outlines and describes the recent advances in ADP1 engineering and tool development, exploited in, for example, pathway and enzyme evolution, genome reduction and stabilization, and for the production of native and non-native products in both pure and rationally designed multispecies cultures. The rapidly expanding toolbox together with the unique features of A. baylyi ADP1 provide a strong base for a microbial cell factory excelling in synthetic biology applications where evolution meets rational engineering.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Metabolic Engineering; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 33769448
DOI: 10.1042/EBC20200136 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Feb 2017The increasing prevalence of foodborne diseases observed in developing countries has been linked to a rise in the consumption of raw foods. However, unlike the classical... (Review)
Review
The increasing prevalence of foodborne diseases observed in developing countries has been linked to a rise in the consumption of raw foods. However, unlike the classical pathogens that are commonly implicated in foodborne illnesses, members of the genus Acinetobacter are rarely associated with diarrheal disease, probably because of the difficulty in isolating these Gram-negative bacteria from food sources. Nevertheless, several species of Acinetobacter, especially A. baumannii, possess many of the characteristics associated with successful pathogens and exhibit a prodigious ability to acquire the multiple-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype. In this mini-review, we summarize the epidemiological data relating to MDR Acinetobacter and consider evidence suggesting that contaminated dairy products, along with raw fruit and vegetables, constitute extra-hospital reservoirs of this underrated pathogen, and may represent an increased risk to immunocompromised individuals and young children in healthcare settings.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Foodborne Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 28248670
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.8418 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022This review briefly summarizes the data on the mechanisms of development of the adaptability of to various living conditions in the environment and in the clinic. A... (Review)
Review
This review briefly summarizes the data on the mechanisms of development of the adaptability of to various living conditions in the environment and in the clinic. A comparative analysis of the genomes of free-living and clinical strains of , as well as the genomes of and has been carried out. It has been shown that plasmids, both large and small, play a key role in the formation of the adaptability of to their living conditions. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the plasmids of various strains of differ from each other in their structure and gene composition depending on the lifestyle of their host bacteria. Plasmids of modern strains are enriched with antibiotic-resistant genes, while the content of genes involved in resistance to heavy metals and arsenic is comparable to plasmids from modern and ancient strains. It is concluded that plasmids may ensure the survival of host bacteria under conditions of various types of environmental and clinical stresses. A brief overview of the main mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer on plasmids inherent in strains is also given.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter baumannii; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arsenic; Metals, Heavy; Plasmids
PubMed: 36142804
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810893 -
Infection Control and Hospital... Apr 2003This review of Acinetobacter outbreaks summarizes factors related to the presence and recognition of organism transmission and describes the implementation of control... (Review)
Review
This review of Acinetobacter outbreaks summarizes factors related to the presence and recognition of organism transmission and describes the implementation of control and prevention measures directed at limiting spread. Exogenous transmission of Acinetobacter should be considered when infections are endemic and when case rates increase. Increasing or new antimicrobial resistances in a collection of isolates also suggest transmission, and transmission can be definitively confirmed when isolates are found to be indistinguishable from or related to one another by a discriminatory genotyping test. An investigation for a common source should be conducted. When a common source cannot be found and eliminated, or once an endemically transmitted organism is established, containment or prevention efforts may require aggressive interventions, complex interventions, or both. Colonization at multiple sites, the relative ease of induction of antibiotic resistance in the organism following patient exposure to multiple drugs, and long-term environmental survival provide enhanced opportunities for the transmission of Acinetobacter between and among patients. New approaches and interventional trials are needed to define effective measures for the prevention and control of Acinobacter infections.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance; History, 20th Century; Humans; Infection Control; Risk Factors
PubMed: 12725359
DOI: 10.1086/502205 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2020Since the last 20 years, bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter have been the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. In addition to the ability of Acinetobacter... (Review)
Review
Since the last 20 years, bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter have been the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. In addition to the ability of Acinetobacter species to acquire rapid antibiotic resistance, limited knowledge on the mechanisms of multidrug resistance to antibiotics limits the treatment options for such infections. Here, we present a review of cellular processes, including oxidative stress defense, energy metabolism, ppGpp signaling, toxin-antitoxin system, and quorum sensing network in Acinetobacter species and their roles in antimicrobial resistance. Although inhibition of stress responses is an attractive approach to the development of effective antimicrobial therapeutic agents, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that cause antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species, as they are not as well studied as those in other pathogenic bacteria. RelA/SpoT has been shown to be involved in ppGpp synthesis in all 50 genomes of 35 Acinetobacter species. However, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are present in less than 30% of the 50 genomes (28/30% of SplT/A; 14/14% of HigB/A; 4/6% of HicA/B), except the RelE/B system (30/78%). These data suggested that ppGpp signaling is conserved in Acinetobacter species, but TA systems are not. This review describes our current knowledge on stress responses with respect to antibiotic resistance or tolerance in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter species.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Energy Metabolism; Genome, Bacterial; Oxidative Stress; Quorum Sensing; Stress, Physiological; Toxin-Antitoxin Systems
PubMed: 31900550
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10317-z -
Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii... 2014Species of the genus Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance. In this literature review, we focus on the current role of... (Review)
Review
Species of the genus Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance. In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe physiology, taxonomy, ecology, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Molecular pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial infections are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance ofAcinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance as well as identification of Acinetobacter. In addition, treatment and prophylaxis of acinetobacterial infections are discussed.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 25816642
DOI: 10.15690/vramn.v69i9-10.1130 -
IUBMB Life Dec 2011The genus Acinetobacter comprises a complex and heterogeneous group of bacteria, many of which are capable of causing a range of opportunistic, often catheter-related,... (Review)
Review
The genus Acinetobacter comprises a complex and heterogeneous group of bacteria, many of which are capable of causing a range of opportunistic, often catheter-related, infections in humans. However, Acinetobacter baumannii, as well as its close relatives belonging to genomic species 3 ("Acinetobacter pittii") and 13TU ("Acinetobacter nosocomialis"), are important nosocomial pathogens, often associated with epidemic outbreaks of infection, that are only rarely found outside of a clinical setting. These organisms are frequently pandrug-resistant and are capable of causing substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with severe underlying disease, both in the hospital and in the community. Several epidemic clonal lineages of A. baumannii have disseminated worldwide and seem to have a selective advantage over non-epidemic strains. The reasons for the success of these epidemic lineages remain to be elucidated, but could be related to the potential of these organisms to achieve very dynamic reorganization and rapid evolution of their genome, including the acquisition and expression of additional antibiotic resistance determinants, under fluctuating environmental and selective conditions.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Acinetobacter baumannii; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22006724
DOI: 10.1002/iub.534 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Feb 2012Innate resistance and remarkable ability to acquire additional resistance determinants underline the clinical importance of Acinetobacter. Over 210 β-lactamases... (Review)
Review
Innate resistance and remarkable ability to acquire additional resistance determinants underline the clinical importance of Acinetobacter. Over 210 β-lactamases belonging to 16 families have been identified in the genus, mostly in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. In this review, we update the current taxonomy of the genus Acinetobacter and summarize the β-lactamases detected in Acinetobacter spp. with an emphasis on Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases (ADCs) and carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs). We also discuss the roles of integrons and insertion sequence (IS) elements in the expression and dissemination of such resistance determinants.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Integrons; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 22007992
DOI: 10.3109/1040841X.2011.621064 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Feb 2012Acinetobacter species are aerobic, glucose non-fermenting gram-negative rods, and ubiquitous in the environment. Acinetobacter spp. can survive for months on dry...
Acinetobacter species are aerobic, glucose non-fermenting gram-negative rods, and ubiquitous in the environment. Acinetobacter spp. can survive for months on dry surfaces. Acinetobacter spp. have been grown from skin, pharynx, sputum, urine and feces. The most common Acinetobacter infection is pneumonia. According to Japan Nosocomial Infection Surveillance, 0.34% of the Acinetobacter spp. was multidrug-resistant in 2010. In Japan, Acinetobacter spp. whose imipenem MICs were > or = 16 microg/mL, amikacin > or = 32 microg/mL, and ciprofloxacin > or = 4 microg/mL were defined as multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species (MDRA) in 2011 in the amended Infectious Diseases Control Law. Break-point Checkerboard Plate can help to infer an effective combination antimicrobial therapy. A selective medium for the isolation of MDRA is a great tool for active surveillance cultures. Treatment options for MDRA infections in Japan are very limited, because colistin, polymyxin B, or tigecycline is not approved. Keys to control MDRA are high levels of compliance with standard and contact precautions, appropriate cleaning and disinfection of the environment, and judicious antimicrobial use.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans
PubMed: 22413524
DOI: No ID Found -
Yonsei Medical Journal Nov 2011Pathogenic bacteria have increasingly been resisting to antimicrobial therapy. Recently, resistance problem has been relatively much worsened in Gram-negative bacilli.... (Review)
Review
Pathogenic bacteria have increasingly been resisting to antimicrobial therapy. Recently, resistance problem has been relatively much worsened in Gram-negative bacilli. Acinetobacter spp. are typical nosocomial pathogens causing infections and high mortality, almost exclusively in compromised hospital patients. Acinetobacter spp. are intrinsically less susceptible to antibiotics than Enterobacteriaceae, and have propensity to acquire resistance. A surveillance study in Korea in 2009 showed that resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. were very high: to fluoroquinolone 67%, to amikacin 48%, to ceftazidime 66% and to imipenem 51%. Carbapenem resistance was mostly due to OXA type carbapenemase production in A. baumannii isolates, whereas it was due to metallo-β-lactamase production in non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates. Colistin-resistant isolates were rare but started to be isolated in Korea. Currently, the infection caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is among the most difficult ones to treat. Analysis at tertiary care hospital in 2010 showed that among the 1,085 isolates of Acinetobacter spp., 14.9% and 41.8% were resistant to seven, and to all eight antimicrobial agents tested, respectively. It is known to be difficult to prevent Acinetobacter spp. infection in hospitalized patients, because the organisms are ubiquitous in hospital environment. Efforts to control resistant bacteria in Korea by hospitals, relevant scientific societies and government agencies have only partially been successful. We need concerted multidisciplinary efforts to preserve the efficacy of currently available antimicrobial agents, by following the principles of antimicrobial stewardship.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 22028150
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.6.879