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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023subsp. is the etiological agent of sleepy foal disease, an acute form of fatal septicemia in newborn foals. is commonly found in the mucous membranes of healthy...
subsp. is the etiological agent of sleepy foal disease, an acute form of fatal septicemia in newborn foals. is commonly found in the mucous membranes of healthy horses' respiratory and alimentary tracts and rarely causes disease in adult horses. In this study, we report a case of a 22-year-old American Paint gelding presenting clinical signs associated with an atypical pattern of pleuropneumonia subjected to necropsy. The gross and histopathological examinations revealed a unilateral fibrinosuppurative and hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia with an infrequent parenchymal distribution and heavy isolation of . The whole genome sequence analysis indicated that the isolate shared 95.9% homology with the only other complete genome of subsp. available in GenBank. Seven virulence-associated genes specific to the isolate were identified and categorized as iron acquisition proteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and capsule polysaccharides. Moreover, four genes (, , , and ) shared higher amino acid similarity with the invasive spp. than the reference subsp. genome. Availability of the whole genome sequence will allow a better characterization of virulence determinants of subsp. , which remain largely elusive.
PubMed: 36839495
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020224 -
Standards in Genomic Sciences 2015Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae that is a common resident of the oral cavity and alimentary tract of healthy horses. At the...
Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae that is a common resident of the oral cavity and alimentary tract of healthy horses. At the same time, it can also cause a fatal septicemia in foals, commonly known as sleepy foal disease or joint ill disease. In addition, A. equuli subsp. equuli has recently been reported to act as a primary pathogen in breeding sows and piglets. To better understand how A. equuli subsp. equuli can cause disease, the genome of the type strain of A. equuli subsp. equuli, ATCC 19392(T), was sequenced using the PacBio RSII sequencing system. Its genome is comprised of 2,431,533 bp and is predicted to encode 2,264 proteins and 82 RNAs.
PubMed: 26203343
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0009-x -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve; Actinobacillus equuli; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis
PubMed: 36435191
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00648-X -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Nov 2010The death of over 300 sows in 2 months on a 3000 sow farrow-to-isowean operation in Manitoba was attributed to infection with Actinobacillus equuli. This pathogen...
The death of over 300 sows in 2 months on a 3000 sow farrow-to-isowean operation in Manitoba was attributed to infection with Actinobacillus equuli. This pathogen commonly infects foals, and is rarely reported in swine. Our report is the second recently published case of this pathogen in North American swine.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus equuli; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Breeding; Female; Male; Manitoba; Prevalence; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 21286321
DOI: No ID Found -
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G,... Feb 2020ssp. is an opportunistic pathogen in horses, mainly known to cause "sleepy foal disease". In comparison to horses, there are only few reports describing diseases in...
ssp. is an opportunistic pathogen in horses, mainly known to cause "sleepy foal disease". In comparison to horses, there are only few reports describing diseases in pigs associated with this gram-negative bacterium. This case report describes an outbreak of infection in a combined farrow-to-finish-farm. In September 2018, the following symptoms were noticed in one third of all newborn piglets from gilts and sows: 6-8 hours after birth piglets became weak and developed swollen joints with moderate to severe lameness. The piglets exhibited lethargy, a subset were non-ambulatory. An elevated piglet mortality within the first days within birth was noted. Seven piglets that succumbed to the disease (days 2-3 of life) were submitted for examination, 4 of which underwent pathological examination. The main findings were purulent polyarthritis and tendovaginitis. In addition, purulent inflammation was detected in the brain and kidneys of one animal. In the bacteriological examination ssp. was isolated in a total of 18 samples (brain, joints, suppurative structures of limbs), in a subset of cases as pure culture. For identification, cultural and biochemical characteristics were tested and a mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF MS) was performed. Further laboratory testing included 16 S rRNA-gene sequencing, a PCR in order to examine for special apx toxin genes as well as a PCR differentiating the two subspecies of . It was not possible to identify the source of infection and routes of spread within the pig herd. The bacterial isolates were used for the production of an autogenous vaccine.
Topics: Actinobacillosis; Actinobacillus equuli; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Arthritis, Infectious; Cerebral Cortex; Kidney; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tendon Entrapment
PubMed: 32059237
DOI: 10.1055/a-1067-3908 -
The Veterinary Record May 1973
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Ecchymosis; Hemorrhage; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 4721944
DOI: 10.1136/vr.92.20.543 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2019Actinobacillus species are known to be pathogenic to horses. To clarify etiological agents of actinobacillosis in Japanese adult horses, 27 isolates from Japanese...
Actinobacillus species are known to be pathogenic to horses. To clarify etiological agents of actinobacillosis in Japanese adult horses, 27 isolates from Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses putatively identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry as Actinobacillus were further identified by PCR of the A. equuli toxin gene, by CAMP test, and by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Actinobacillus equuli subsp. haemolyticus was isolated most frequently (16/27) and was related to respiratory infections. Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli (4/27) was isolated from chronic cases or concomitant with other bacterial infections. The remainder were A. pleuropneumoniae, unclassified Actinobacillus species and Pasteurella caballi. Actinobacillus equuli including subsp. haemolyticus and subsp. equuli were the species most frequently isolated from equine actinobacillosis in Japan.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Horse Diseases; Horses; Japan; Pasteurella; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 31292334
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0192 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2002Members of Bisgaard taxon 11 have been isolated from horses. These bacteria are of importance in the veterinary clinic and also to the medical profession, since they may...
Reclassification of equine isolates previously reported as Actinobacillus equuli, variants of A. equuli, Actinobacillus suis or Bisgaard taxon 11 and proposal of A. equuli subsp. equuli subsp. nov. and A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus subsp. nov.
Members of Bisgaard taxon 11 have been isolated from horses. These bacteria are of importance in the veterinary clinic and also to the medical profession, since they may be isolated from infected wounds of humans bitten by horses. Six strains from different continents were identified as taxon 11, with 16S rRNA similarities between 98.0 and 99.7%. A single isolate that represented the so-called (+)L-arabinose-positive Actinobacillus equuli isolated from a diseased foal showed 99.9% 16S rRNA similarity to the type strain of A. equuli. DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that (+)L-arabinose-positive strains of A. equuli represent A. equuli sensu stricto. DNA-DNA hybridizations also showed that A. equuli and Bisgaard taxon 11 represent two genotypes. These genotypes differ with respect to disease pattern and epidemiology. For these reasons, two subspecies of A. equuli are proposed, Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli subsp. nov. (type strain NCTC 8529T = ATCC 19392T) and Actinobacillus equuli subsp. haemolyticus subsp. nov. (type strain F 154T = CCUG 19799T = NCTC 13195T).
Topics: Actinobacillus; Animals; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Horses; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 12361259
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-5-1569 -
APMIS : Acta Pathologica,... Dec 2007Microbiological and pathological data from a case of equine valvular endocarditis are reported. Limited information is available on the pathogenic potential of equine...
Microbiological and pathological data from a case of equine valvular endocarditis are reported. Limited information is available on the pathogenic potential of equine Actinobacillus species as several strains originate from apparently healthy horses. After the establishment of two subspecies within this species, this seems to be the first report of an etiological association between A. equuli subsp. equuli and equine endocarditis. Furthermore, new information on some phenotypical characteristics of this subspecies is reported, compared to previous findings.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus equuli; Animals; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Diseases; Horse Diseases; Horses
PubMed: 18184417
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.00768.x -
German Medical Science : GMS E-journal 2013We report on the isolation of Actinobacillus equuli ssp. haemolyticus from wound smears of a 2-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital due to partial amputation...
We report on the isolation of Actinobacillus equuli ssp. haemolyticus from wound smears of a 2-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital due to partial amputation of the distal phalanx of her right middle finger caused by a horse bite. A. equuli typically causes diseases in horses and only very few reports describing human infections (mostly associated with wounds) are available in the literature. Interestingly, although the bacteria could be found in consecutive samples taken at different points in time, there were no signs of advancing infection or inflammation. Moreover, the fingertip regenerated after 74 days under semi-occlusive dressings with very pleasant results. For strain identification two automated systems were employed producing discrepant results: VITEK 2 described the pathogens as Pasteurella pneumotropica while MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed A. equuli. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA gene finally confirmed A. equuli ssp. haemolyticus as the isolated strain. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI criteria for Pasteurella spp. Additionally we conducted a test according to the EUCAST criteria.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus equuli; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bandages; Bites and Stings; Child, Preschool; Female; Horses; Humans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24068980
DOI: 10.3205/000182