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American Journal of Veterinary Research Aug 2006To identify Actinobacillus spp isolates recovered from fetuses and pericardial fluid from horses affected with mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) and determine...
OBJECTIVE
To identify Actinobacillus spp isolates recovered from fetuses and pericardial fluid from horses affected with mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) and determine whether these bacterial species are the same as those isolated from clinically normal horses.
SAMPLE POPULATION
Isolates of actinobacilli recovered from 18 horses with pericarditis and 109 fetuses aborted by mares affected by MRLS. Procedures-Actinobacillus spp isolates were identified to the level of species or subspecies by use of conventional phenotypic tests and biochemical and enzyme test kits. The 16S rRNA gene from selected isolates was amplified, purified, and sequenced. Sequence data were compared with sequence data for actinobacilli in GenBank.
RESULTS
Of the 109 isolates obtained from fetuses, 14 were Actinobacillus equuli subsp equuli, 65 were A equuli subsp haemolyticus, 28 were Bisgaard taxon 10-like bacterium, and 2 were Actinobacillus genomospecies 1. Of the 18 isolates from horses with pericarditis, 4 were A equuli subsp equuli, 13 were A equuli subsp haemolyticus, and 1 was Bisgaard taxon 10-like bacterium. Comparisons with published data and GenBank data revealed that the isolates recovered from horses with MRLS were the same as those isolated from the oral cavity or alimentary tract of healthy horses.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Actinobacillus spp isolates recovered from fetuses and pericardial fluid samples of horses affected by MRLS in 2001 to 2003 were identical to Actinobacillus spp found in the oral cavity and alimentary tracts of healthy horses.
Topics: Aborted Fetus; Abortion, Veterinary; Actinobacillus; Animals; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Pericardial Effusion; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 16881857
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.8.1426 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... May 2014Several Actinobacillus spp. are common commensal bacteria of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract of horses and can cause disease in both...
Several Actinobacillus spp. are common commensal bacteria of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract of horses and can cause disease in both foals and adults. The current retrospective study was designed to review Actinobacillus spp. isolated from clinical samples or necropsies of 99 horses during 1999-2011. The cases consisted of 43 foals (<6 months of age), 4 young adults (6 months-2 years), 39 adults (>2 years of age), 2 aborted fetuses, and 11 with unspecified ages. Clinical history, signs, bacterial species isolated, and associated lesions were documented. Actinobacillus spp. were isolated 111 times. The most common isolates were Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli (38.7%) and hemolytic Actinobacillus spp. (24.3%). Other isolates were Actinobacillus lignieresii (5.4%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (1.8%), and unclassified Actinobacillus spp. (28.8%). Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli was most commonly isolated from clinical and necropsy cases of septicemia and respiratory disease in both foals and adults. Embolic nephritis, the classical septicemic lesion of equine neonatal actinobacillosis, was also present in several adult septicemic actinobacillosis cases. Predisposing factors such as failure of passive transfer of colostral antibodies as well as concurrent pathogenic bacterial or viral infections were present in numerous actinobacillosis cases. There were many cases, however, for which a predisposing factor or concurrent infection was not documented or apparent, suggesting that Actinobacillus spp. can be primary pathogens under the right circumstances and in the right location.
PubMed: 24742921
DOI: 10.1177/1040638714531766 -
The Veterinary Record Aug 2004Actinobacillus equuli is found in the normal oral flora of horses, but has been associated with several diseases, and particularly with the usually fatal septicaemia in...
Actinobacillus equuli is found in the normal oral flora of horses, but has been associated with several diseases, and particularly with the usually fatal septicaemia in neonatal foals which is thought to be associated with a failure of the passive transfer of immunoglobulins via the colostrum. The Aqx protein of A equuli, belonging to the RTX family of pore-forming toxins, is also cytotoxic to horse lymphocytes. The presence of antibodies to Aqx was investigated in sera from individual horses from different regions; the sera from adult horses and foals 24 hours after birth reacted with Aqx, and sera from foals sampled shortly after an intake of colostrum also reacted with Aqx, but sera from foals taken before an intake of colostrum did not react with Aqx.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus equuli; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Specificity; Bacterial Toxins; Colostrum; Cross Reactions; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Immunoblotting; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 15384504
DOI: 10.1136/vr.155.8.231 -
Genomics Jan 2019Actinobacillus spp. are Gram-negative bacteria associated with mucosal membranes. While some are commensals, others can cause important human and animal diseases. A....
Actinobacillus spp. are Gram-negative bacteria associated with mucosal membranes. While some are commensals, others can cause important human and animal diseases. A. pleuropneumoniae causes severe fibrinous hemorrhagic pneumonia in swine but not systemic disease whereas other species invade resulting in septicemia and death. To understand the invasive phenotype of Actinobacillus spp., complete genomes of eight isolates were obtained and pseudogenomes of five isolates were assembled and annotated. Phylogenetically, A. suis isolates clustered by surface antigen type and were more closely related to the invasive A. ureae, A. equuli equuli, and A. capsulatus than to the other swine pathogen, A. pleuropneumoniae. Using the LS-BSR pipeline, 251 putative virulence genes associated with serum resistance and invasion were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide study of the genus Actinobacillus and should contribute to a better understanding of host tropism and mechanisms of invasion of pathogenic Actinobacillus and related genera.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Animals; Gene Rearrangement; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomics; Host Specificity; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Neuraminidase; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Pseudogenes; Sequence Inversion; Serine Endopeptidases; Swine; Type V Secretion Systems; Virulence; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 29317305
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.01.001 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Jun 1980Actinobacillus equuli was the cause of peritonitis in 5 horses. In 3 the onset was sudden with intestinal stasis and acute abdominal pain as predominant findings. Two...
Actinobacillus equuli was the cause of peritonitis in 5 horses. In 3 the onset was sudden with intestinal stasis and acute abdominal pain as predominant findings. Two others presented with chronic disease and weight loss. Characteristically the peritoneal fluid had a high nucleated cell count with non-degenerate neutrophils as the predominant cell type. Four horses were treated and recovered.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Neutrophils; Peritonitis
PubMed: 7425990
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1980.tb05727.x -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1978Actinobacillosis in pigs seems to be relatively rare and when it does occur, it usually manifests itself as acute septicaemia during the first weeks of life ( 1965)....
Actinobacillosis in pigs seems to be relatively rare and when it does occur, it usually manifests itself as acute septicaemia during the first weeks of life ( 1965). Polyarthritis, pneumonia and heart lesions as well as petechial haemorrhages in skin, viscera and kidneys are also frequently found 1976, 1971). Both Actinobacillus suis and Actinobacillus equuli have been isolated from such cases 1977).
Topics: Actinobacillosis; Actinobacillus; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 696543
DOI: 10.1186/BF03547636 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jul 1994Peritonitis attributable to Actinobacillus equuli was diagnosed in 15 horses examined at the veterinary center between 1982 and 1992. In 13 horses, historical findings...
Peritonitis attributable to Actinobacillus equuli was diagnosed in 15 horses examined at the veterinary center between 1982 and 1992. In 13 horses, historical findings included acute onset of mild to severe signs of abdominal pain, lethargy, and inappetence. Two other horses had a history of weight loss for 3 to 6 weeks prior to examination. Diagnosis was based on the physical signs and laboratory findings, including results of peritoneal fluid analysis (gross characteristics, total protein, total and differential nucleated cell counts, and morphologic findings) and culture of A equuli. Actinobacillus equuli was consistently susceptible in vitro to penicillin, trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and aminoglycosides. All horses in the study had marked clinical improvement within 24 to 48 hours of commencing antibiotic and supportive treatment. Antibiotic treatment was continued for variable periods, depending on the horse, but ranged from 5 to 21 days. In 11 horses for which follow-up information was available, long-term response to treatment was excellent, with horses returning to original activity.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascitic Fluid; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Peritonitis; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 7928617
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Pathology Mar 2001Actinobacillus equuli is a rare cause of peritonitis in adult horses. Septicemia and peritonitis due to A. equuli were diagnosed at necropsy in an 8-year-old Saddlebred...
Actinobacillus equuli is a rare cause of peritonitis in adult horses. Septicemia and peritonitis due to A. equuli were diagnosed at necropsy in an 8-year-old Saddlebred mare. The origin of the infection was not known; however, small necrotic colonic mucosal lesions presumed to have been caused by phenylbutazone treatment may have allowed bacterial invasion. A good response to antimicrobial treatment has been documented in the small numbers of previously reported acute cases of peritonitis. Because it is potentially treatable, it is important for pathologists and clinicians to identify horses with A. equuli peritonitis.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Bacteremia; Fatal Outcome; Female; Histocytochemistry; Horse Diseases; Horses; Intestines; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Peritonitis
PubMed: 11280382
DOI: 10.1354/vp.38-2-230 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Feb 2015
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Nephritis
PubMed: 25632814
DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.4.415 -
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Jun 1982Nineteen isolates of Actinobacillus suis were recovered from horses during the period October 1978-December 1980. Animals varied in age from a full term foetus to 12...
Nineteen isolates of Actinobacillus suis were recovered from horses during the period October 1978-December 1980. Animals varied in age from a full term foetus to 12 years. One isolate was obtained from the nose of an apparently healthy horse, the remainder were obtained from still-born foetuses (2), foals dying within a week of birth (5), older animals with respiratory (6) or genital infections (3) or abscesses in the jaw (1). One isolate was obtained from the lung of a 2-week-old foal which had shown diarrhoea. The bacteriological characteristics of the isolates and the pathological lesions present in eight cases are described. The organism has a wide geographical distribution in New Zealand, and in the northern part of the North Island appears to be more common than A. equuli.
PubMed: 16030875
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1982.34889