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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2015Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been... (Review)
Review
Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their clinical relevance is gradually increasing, and the spectrum of diseases associated with Actinomyces and Actinomyces-like organisms is widening accordingly; for example, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis as well as Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum) schaalii are emerging as important causes of specific infections at various body sites. In the present review, we have gathered this information to provide a comprehensive and microbiologically consistent overview of the significance of Actinomyces and some closely related taxa in human infections.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Classification; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 25788515
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00100-14 -
BioMed Research International 2018are nonmotile, filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria that cause actinomycosis in immunodeficiency patients. Although the prognosis of actinomycosis is good, the diagnosis... (Review)
Review
are nonmotile, filamentous, Gram-positive bacteria that cause actinomycosis in immunodeficiency patients. Although the prognosis of actinomycosis is good, the diagnosis of actinomycosis is quite difficult. Recent studies on actinomycosis have shown that play an important role in various biological and clinical processes, such as the formation of dental plaque and the degradation of organics in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, the distribution of in the digestive tract, and different biological effects of actinomycosis, and its clinical association with inflammatory diseases are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of the most commonly used treatment methods and drugs used to treat infected alimentary canal diseases is presented.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans
PubMed: 30225251
DOI: 10.1155/2018/3820215 -
Anaerobe Feb 2008The roles of the 'classical'Actinomyces spp. as colonizers of oral cavities of man and animals, in development of intra-oral infections and as agents of actinomycosis... (Review)
Review
The roles of the 'classical'Actinomyces spp. as colonizers of oral cavities of man and animals, in development of intra-oral infections and as agents of actinomycosis have been well documented. This mini-review focuses on perceptions of human colonization and infection that have emerged in the past decade, largely as a result of advances in classification, identification and direct detection from clinical material. Arguably, of the greatest importance is the recognition of actinomycosis as a major factor and indicator of poor prognosis in both infected osteoradionecrosis and bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Among recently described species, Actinomyces graevenitzii has been isolated almost exclusively from oral and respiratory sites and may be a causative agent of actinomycosis. Conversely, several other Actinomyces spp. are isolated commonly from superficial soft tissue infections. Members of the genus Actinobaculum, which is closely related to Actinomyces, are strongly associated with urosepsis. Isolation and identification of Actinomyces and related genera by conventional methods remain difficult. Diagnosis is commonly belated and based solely upon histological findings. Development of direct detection methods may aid patient management and further elucidate clinical associations.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Mouth; Osteoradionecrosis
PubMed: 18222714
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.12.001 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2011
Topics: Actinomyces
PubMed: 22052401
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2017Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming short rods (VUL7T and VUL8) were isolated from rectal swabs of Old World vultures, namely...
Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming short rods (VUL7T and VUL8) were isolated from rectal swabs of Old World vultures, namely Gyps himalayensis, in Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, China. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 6-7, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences classified the two strains to the genus Actinomyces, with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (95 %) to type strains of Actinomyces haliotis, Actinomyces radicidentis and Actinomyces urogenitalis. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. MK-10(H4) was the major respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 54.4 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values with the most closely related species ofthe genusActinomyces was 24.6 %. The two strains can be differentiated from the most closely related species such as A. haliotis, A. radicidentis, A. graevenitzii and A. urogenitalis by a list of carbohydrate fermentations and enzyme activities. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analysis, strains VUL7T and VUL8 represent novel species of the genus Actinomyces, for which the name Actinomyces vulturis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VUL7T (=CGMCC 4.7366T=DSM 103437T).
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Falconiformes; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rectum; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tibet; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 28629509
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001851 -
Medical Laboratory Sciences Jul 1986
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteriological Techniques; Intrauterine Devices
PubMed: 3543594
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1993
Comparative Study
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales; Fatty Acids; Humans; Species Specificity
PubMed: 8308138
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.12.3353-3354.1993 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2017Two strains (pika_113T and pika_114) of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered from the intestinal contents of plateau pika (Ochotona...
Two strains (pika_113T and pika_114) of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered from the intestinal contents of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, China. Results from biochemical characterization indicated that the two strains were phenotypically homogeneous and distinct from other previously described species of the genus Actinomyces. Based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome analysis, the bacteria were determined to be a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces, being most closely related to type strains of Actinomyces denticolens and Actinomyces timonensis with a respective 97.2 and 97.1 % similarity in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that pika_113T was well separated from any other recognized species of the genus Actinomyces and within the cluster with A. denticolens and A. timonensis. The genome of strain pika_113T displayed less than 42 % relatedness in DNA-DNA hybridization with all the available genomes of existing species of the genus Actinomyces in the NCBI database. Collectively, based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses results, we propose the novel isolates as representatives of Actinomyces gaoshouyii sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces gaoshouyii is pika_113T (=CGMCC 4.7372T=DSM 104049T), with a genomic DNA G+C content of 71 mol%.
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Intestines; Lagomorpha; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tibet
PubMed: 28857023
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002119 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... 1992Actinomyces pyogenes (Corynebacterium pyogenes), a well-known pathogen in many animals, was isolated from 11 Danish patients since 1968. Bacteriologic characteristics... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Actinomyces pyogenes (Corynebacterium pyogenes), a well-known pathogen in many animals, was isolated from 11 Danish patients since 1968. Bacteriologic characteristics and clinical pictures of the patients are described. Ability to hydrolyze gelatine, to produce beta-glucuronidase, to reach with antisera against group-G streptococci, and to produce acid from xylose differentiates A. pyogenes from Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, with which it has at times been confused. Actinomyces pyogenes is an established, but often misrecognized, human pathogen that should be better known to clinical microbiologists.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Corynebacterium Infections; Corynebacterium pyogenes; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 1611850
DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(92)90022-l -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2000Three strains of a previously undescribed catalase-positive Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from dogs. Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Three strains of a previously undescribed catalase-positive Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from dogs. Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains were phenotypically highly related to each other but different from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that the unknown bacterium represents a new subline within a cluster of species which includes Actinomyces hyovaginalis, Actinomyces georgiae, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Actinomyces radingae and Actinomyces turicensis. On the basis of phenotypic evidence and 16S rRNA sequence divergence levels (greater than 5% with recognized Actinomyces species) it is proposed that the unknown strains from canine sources be classified as a new species with the name Actinomyces canis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces canis is CCUG 41706T (= CIP 106351T).
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Catalase; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 10939662
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-4-1547