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Plasmid 1997Bacteriophages that produced turbid or clear zones of lysis in strains of Actinomyces were isolated from 22 of 124 samples of fresh human dental plaque. All human and...
Bacteriophages that produced turbid or clear zones of lysis in strains of Actinomyces were isolated from 22 of 124 samples of fresh human dental plaque. All human and nonhuman strains of Actinomyces viscosus or Actinomyces naeslundii tested in this study were sensitive to infection by one or more of these phages. In contrast, none of the Actinomyces odontolyticus, Actinomyces israelii, or Actinomyces bovis strains tested were susceptible. Results of restriction endonuclease analyses indicated that the genomes of these phages consisted of double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size between 16 and 60 kbp. Sequence homology under hybridization conditions of high stringency was observed among a few of the isolated phages. A lysogenized isolate of A. viscosus MG-1 was obtained following infection with a temperate phage, designated phi 225. Results of Southern blot analyses indicated that phi 225 replicated as a plasmid in the lysogenized strain. Genomic DNA from several lytic phages was used to establish conditions for transfection by electroporation of strains of Actinomyces spp. Efficiencies of DNA transfer ranged from 10(2) to 10(5) plaque-forming units per microgram of DNA were obtained under optimal transfection conditions. The results of these studies demonstrate that transfer of genetic information in Actinomyces spp. can be achieved by transfection.
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacteriophages; DNA, Viral; Dental Plaque; Genetic Techniques; Humans; Lysogeny; Transfection
PubMed: 9169205
DOI: 10.1006/plas.1997.1285 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... May 2010
Topics: Actinomyces; Catalase; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; Humans; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 20367233
DOI: 10.1086/651690 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jul 1967Three cultures of Actinomyces have been identified as Actinomyces propionicus. Two of these strains are recent isolates, one, 427, from a case of cervico-facial...
Three cultures of Actinomyces have been identified as Actinomyces propionicus. Two of these strains are recent isolates, one, 427, from a case of cervico-facial actinomycosis, and one, 439, from a case of lacrimal canaliculitis. The third strain, 346, was described by F. Lentze as A. israelii serological type II. These three strains were compared with the type strain of A. propionicus ATTC 14157 and with known strains of five other Actinomyces species. Morphologically and biochemically the three new cultures of A. propionicus were identical with the type strain but closely resembled A. israelii. In serological tests making use of fluorescent antibody, all four A. propionicus strains gave negative results with antisera for A. israelii, A. bovis, A. naeslundii, and A. eriksonii, but gave positive results with antisera for A. propionicus 14157 and strain 346. The A. propionicus antisera did not stain other Actinomyces species. A. propionicus contains diaminopimelic acid (DAP) in its cell wall and produces propionic acid from glucose. All three new isolates were shown to contain DAP and to produce propionic acid. By use of the presence of DAP in the cell wall and serological tests as the differential criteria, the three cultures described in the report were specifically identified as A. propionicus.
Topics: Actinomyces; Fermentation; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Oxygen; Propionates
PubMed: 5338967
DOI: 10.1128/jb.94.1.109-115.1967 -
The Journal of Applied Bacteriology Apr 1984Six strains of actinomyces isolated from the dental plaque of cattle were assigned presumptively to the genus Actinomyces on the basis of Gram reaction, cellular and...
Six strains of actinomyces isolated from the dental plaque of cattle were assigned presumptively to the genus Actinomyces on the basis of Gram reaction, cellular and colony morphology and acid end-products of metabolism. This assignment was confirmed by the peptidoglycan composition which is shared with Actinomyces species from dental plaque. These cattle strains formed a homogeneous group on the basis of cell wall carbohydrate components, DNA base composition, polypeptide molecular weight distribution and physiological reactions but could not be classified with any recognised species of Actinomyces. A new taxon Actinomyces denticolens is proposed for these strains.
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Cattle; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
PubMed: 6725156
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1984.tb01338.x -
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2000In early childhood, the human mouth is already colonized by actinomycetes. Due to recent taxonomic changes within the genus Actinomyces, up-to-date data are warranted on...
In early childhood, the human mouth is already colonized by actinomycetes. Due to recent taxonomic changes within the genus Actinomyces, up-to-date data are warranted on the time and succession of different Actinomyces species in the oral cavity. By using a longitudinal study design and culture techniques, we examined the age-related occurrence of Actinomyces species in saliva from 39 healthy infants at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Altogether 428 Actinomyces isolates were available for this study. Identification was based on biochemical tests and gas chromatographic demonstration of metabolic end-products, and when needed, cellular fatty acid profiles were determined. The frequency of the total actinomycetal flora increased from 31% to 97% within 2 years. A. odontolyticus was the most prominent Actinomyces colonizer at all five sampling occasions. A. naeslundii was the second most common Actinomyces sp. but was not detected before the age of 1 year. As a novel observation, we found A. graevenitzii in the oral cavity. The number of A. graevenitzii isolates indicates that this species is not just occasionally present in infants' mouths. We also found A. viscosus, A. gerencseriae, A. israelii, and A. georgiae. Based on the present results, we suggest that A. odontolyticus is the main primary Actinomyces species on oral mucosal surfaces in infants up to 2 years of age.
Topics: Actinomyces; Age Factors; Bacterial Adhesion; Child, Preschool; Colony Count, Microbial; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 10765961
DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790031301 -
Anaerobe Dec 2018Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a reliable tool for bacterial identification. This study...
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a reliable tool for bacterial identification. This study compared the Bruker MALDI-TOF BioTyper MS (MBT) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for the identification of Actinomyces and Actinotignum spp. The MBT identified 68/77 (88.3%) of Actinomyces isolates to the genus-level and 44/77 (57.1%) of Actinomyces isolates to the species-level using the manufacturer's identification criteria. The MBT did not yield reliable identification for only 1/77 (1.3%) and generated no identification for 8/77 (10.4%) of the isolates. No misidentifications were found. Discordance at the species level was observed for eight isolates. Overall, the MBT demonstrated good concordance with the 16S rRNA gene sequencing with the exception of the closely related species A. naeslundii, A. viscosus and A. oris. A variety of Actinomyces spp. were isolated from orocervicofacial/dental specimens, but only a limited number of species were isolated from urine or intra-abdominal specimens. This study confirms the utility of MBT in the identification of Actinomyces spp. and describes the diversity and anatomic niche of species in human clinical specimens from various body sites.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Laboratories; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 30261272
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.09.007 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2003A previously undescribed facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from the nose of a human. On the basis of its cellular...
A previously undescribed facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from the nose of a human. On the basis of its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing, the micro-organism was tentatively identified as a member of the genus Actinomyces, but it did not correspond to any currently recognized species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces, displaying sequence divergence values of more than 6 % with respect to recognized species of the genus. On the basis of biochemical, molecular chemical and molecular phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown organism, strain R2014(T) (=CCUG 46092(T)=CIP 107668(T)), be classified as the type strain of a novel species, Actinomyces nasicola sp. nov.
Topics: Actinomyces; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nose; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 13130031
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02582-0 -
The Journal of Infection Sep 1989
Review
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans
PubMed: 2681432
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(89)91739-8 -
Society For Applied Bacteriology... Jan 1973
Review
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Catalase; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cell Wall; Disease Models, Animal; Fermentation; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Intestines; Mice; Mouth; Rabbits; Species Specificity
PubMed: 4584100
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2011Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces oris are members of the oral biofilm. Their identification using 16S rRNA sequencing is problematic and better achieved by...
Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces oris are members of the oral biofilm. Their identification using 16S rRNA sequencing is problematic and better achieved by comparison of metG partial sequences. A. oris is more abundant and more frequently isolated than A. naeslundii. We used a multi-locus sequence typing approach to investigate the genotypic diversity of these species and assigned A. naeslundii (n = 37) and A. oris (n = 68) isolates to 32 and 68 sequence types (ST), respectively. Neighbor-joining and ClonalFrame dendrograms derived from the concatenated partial sequences of 7 house-keeping genes identified at least 4 significant subclusters within A. oris and 3 within A. naeslundii. The strain collection we had investigated was an under-representation of the total population since at least 3 STs composed of single strains may represent discrete clusters of strains not well represented in the collection. The integrity of these sub-clusters was supported by the sequence analysis of fimP and fimA, genes coding for the type 1 and 2 fimbriae, respectively. An A. naeslundii subcluster was identified with both fimA and fimP genes and these strains were able to bind to MUC7 and statherin while all other A. naeslundii strains possessed only fimA and did not bind to statherin. An A. oris subcluster harboured a fimA gene similar to that of Actinomyces odontolyticus but no detectable fimP failed to bind significantly to either MUC7 or statherin. These data are evidence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the species A. oris and A. naeslundii but the status of the subclusters identified here will require genome comparisons before their phylogenic position can be unequivocally established.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Proteins; Fimbriae, Bacterial
PubMed: 21738661
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021430