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European Journal of Clinical... Jan 1993Few confirmed human cases of Actinomyces pyogenes infection have been reported partly because of inadequate identification of this bacterium. In this study, two new... (Review)
Review
Few confirmed human cases of Actinomyces pyogenes infection have been reported partly because of inadequate identification of this bacterium. In this study, two new cases are reported with emphasis on the characteristics which are relevant for identification of the isolates. A review of previously reported cases is presented.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Foot Ulcer; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 8462565
DOI: 10.1007/BF01997060 -
Journal of Dental Research Oct 1993Antigenic relatedness among human strains of oral Actinomyces and similar isolates from cattle has been analyzed by agglutination and immunoblotting. Whole cell...
Antigenic relationships among oral Actinomyces isolates, Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2, Actinomyces howellii, Actinomyces denticolens, and Actinomyces slackii.
Antigenic relatedness among human strains of oral Actinomyces and similar isolates from cattle has been analyzed by agglutination and immunoblotting. Whole cell agglutination placed A. viscosus serotype II, A. naeslundii serotypes II and III, Actinomyces NV, and strains from numerical taxomonic clusters C1, C2, C3, C4, and C6 into a single group. A. viscosus serotype I cross-reacted weakly with this group. A naeslundii serotype I strains and the cattle isolates Actinomyces denticolens and Actinomyces howellii were distinct. The agglutination results for A. slackii were equivocal. Immunoblots of cell wall extracts developed with non-absorbed sera showed cross-reactivity (23% to 90% antigenic similarity) among all of the strains tested, including A. israelii. The range of antigenic similarities among the group which included strains of A. viscosus serotype II, the A. naeslundii serotypes, and clusters C1, C2, C3, C4, and C6 was from 39% to 89%. Immunoblotting showed that A. howellii and A. denticolens were between 39% and 72% similar to A. naeslundii and A. viscosus. Absorption of antisera with A. israelii cell walls removed antibodies recognizing antigens common to Actinomyces and made the sera more specific. Immunoblotting with absorbed sera supported the grouping and separation of strains shown by agglutination. In some cases, serotypes could be included into a specific taxonomic cluster. A. naeslundii serotype II and Actinomyces NV most closely resembled cluster C1 strains, and A. naeslundii serotype III resembled cluster C1 strains, and A. naeslundii serotype I and A. viscosus serotype I were included into clusters C5 and C7, respectively. The results support a recent proposal that strains of A. viscosus serotype II, A. naeslundii serotypes II and III, and Actinomyces NV be included into A. naeslundii genospecies 2, that A. naeslundii serotype I should be designated A. naeslundii genospecies 1, and that A. viscosus serotype I should be retained distinct from A. naeslundii, as A. viscosus.
Topics: Absorption; Actinomyces; Actinomyces viscosus; Agglutination; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Cattle; Cell Wall; Cross Reactions; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoblotting; Pronase; Rabbits; Serotyping
PubMed: 8408879
DOI: 10.1177/00220345930720100601 -
Microbiology and Immunology Dec 2013Actinomyces are predominant oral bacteria; however, their cariogenic potential in terms of acid production and fluoride sensitivity has not been elucidated in detail and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Actinomyces are predominant oral bacteria; however, their cariogenic potential in terms of acid production and fluoride sensitivity has not been elucidated in detail and compared with that of other caries-associated oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate and compare the acid production and growth of Actinomyces and Streptococcus in the presence of bicarbonate and fluoride to mimic conditions in the oral cavity. Acid production from glucose was measured by pH-stat at pH 5.5 and 7.0 under anaerobic conditions. Growth rate was assessed by optical density in anaerobic culture. Although Actinomyces produced acid at a lower rate than did Streptococcus, their acid production was more tolerant of fluoride (IDacid production 50 = 110-170 ppm at pH 7.0 and 10-13 ppm at pH 5.5) than that of Streptococcus (IDacid production 50 = 36-53 ppm at pH 7.0 and 6.3-6.5 ppm at pH 5.5). Bicarbonate increased acid production by Actinomyces with prominent succinate production and enhanced their fluoride tolerance (IDacid production 50 = 220-320 ppm at pH 7.0 and 33-52 ppm at pH 5.5). Bicarbonate had no effect on these variables in Streptococcus. In addition, although the growth rate of Actinomyces was lower than that of Streptococcus, Actinomyces growth was more tolerant of fluoride (IDgrowth 50 = 130-160 ppm) than was that of Streptococcus (IDgrowth 50 = 27-36 ppm). These results indicate that oral Actinomyces are more tolerant of fluoride than oral Streptococcus, and bicarbonate enhances the fluoride tolerance of oral Actinomyces. Because of the limited number of species tested here, further study is needed to generalize these findings to the genus level.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bicarbonates; Carboxylic Acids; Fluorides; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mouth; Spectrophotometry; Streptococcus
PubMed: 24102761
DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12098 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2017
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dactinomycin; Drug Industry; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Industrial Microbiology; United States
PubMed: 28450600
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3952 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Jan 1994Cultures from 26 patients with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible were studied. In most cases there was a mutualistic infection involving any one...
Cultures from 26 patients with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible were studied. In most cases there was a mutualistic infection involving any one of the known human Actinomyces species together with Eikenella corrodens. In a few cases, Arachnia species were substituted for Actinomyces and gram-negative anaerobes for E corrodens. The specific culture protocol used to identify these organisms from clinical specimens is described. Taxonomic and experimental evidence that supports an infectious etiology are presented.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Proteins; Chronic Disease; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Eikenella corrodens; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Diseases; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Superinfection; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 8263639
DOI: 10.1016/0278-2391(94)90008-6 -
International Endodontic Journal Feb 2013To demonstrate a capacity for producing exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and an ability to form biofilm on abiotic materials of Actinomyces oris strain K20.
AIM
To demonstrate a capacity for producing exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and an ability to form biofilm on abiotic materials of Actinomyces oris strain K20.
METHODOLOGY
The productivity of EPSs and the ability to form biofilm of strain K20 were evaluated by measuring viscosity of spent culture media and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the biofilm assay on microtitre plates, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the chemical composition of the viscous materials. To examine the role of the viscous materials attributable to the pathogenicity in this organism, the ability of strain K20 to induce abscess formation was compared in mice to that of ATCC 27044.
RESULTS
The viscosity of the spent culture media of K20 was significantly higher than that of ATCC 27044. Strain K20 showed dense meshwork structures around the cells and formed biofilms on microtitre plates, whereas ATCC 27044 did not. Chemical analysis of the viscous materials revealed that they were mainly composed of neutral sugars with mannose constituting 77.5% of the polysaccharides. Strain K20 induced persistent abscesses in mice lasting at least 5 days at a concentration of 10(8) cells mL(-1), whereas abscesses induced by ATCC 27044 healed and disappeared or decreased in size at day 5.
CONCLUSIONS
Strain K20 produced EPSs, mainly consisting of mannose, and formed biofilms. This phenotype might play an important role for A. oris to express virulence through the progression of apical periodontitis.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Biofilms; Culture Media; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Periapical Abscess; Phylogeny; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Species Specificity; Virulence; Viscosity
PubMed: 22900599
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02099.x -
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi. the Journal of... Mar 1967
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Cattle; Humans
PubMed: 5233892
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Applied Microbiology 1969
Review
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Micromonospora
PubMed: 4915144
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70608-7 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2000Two strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered in pure culture from infected root canals of teeth. Analysis by biochemical testing and...
Two strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered in pure culture from infected root canals of teeth. Analysis by biochemical testing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains closely resembled each other phenotypically but were distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene-sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within a group of Actinomyces species which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, we propose that the unknown bacterium isolated from human clinical specimens be classified as Actinomyces radicidentis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces radicidentis is CCUG 36733.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dental Pulp Cavity; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 10970390
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.9.3399-3403.2000 -
International Journal of Systematic... Jan 1994Almost the entire 16S rRNA gene sequences of some strains of CDC group 1 and group 1-like coryneform bacteria, isolated from human sources, were determined. Comparative...
Assignment of human-derived CDC group 1 coryneform bacteria and CDC group 1-like coryneform bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii sp. nov., subsp. nov., and Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus subsp. nov.
Almost the entire 16S rRNA gene sequences of some strains of CDC group 1 and group 1-like coryneform bacteria, isolated from human sources, were determined. Comparative analysis of the rRNA sequence data revealed that both groups of coryneforms belong to the genus Actinomyces. On the basis of the present molecular findings and previous biochemical studies, we propose a new Actinomyces species, Actinomyces neuii sp. nov., containing Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii subsp. nov. for CDC group 1 coryneform bacteria and Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus subsp. nov. for CDC group 1-like coryneform bacteria.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales; Base Sequence; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 8123558
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-44-1-167