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Infection and Immunity Feb 1978Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 was examined for the presence of cell-associated levan by absorption of myeloma proteins with antilevan activity and direct... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 was examined for the presence of cell-associated levan by absorption of myeloma proteins with antilevan activity and direct immunofluorescence. Levan was not detectable on the surface of glucose-grown A. viscosus, but after a brief incubation of these cells with 5% sucrose, they were encapsulated with tenaciously adhering levan. The levan layer constituted between 0.02 and 0.03% of the cell dry weight. In contrast, sucrose-grown A. viscosus cells possessed a low level of cell-associated levan, which was only moderately increased by incubation in sucrose and which partially existed as a loose slime rather than a tenacious capsule.
Topics: Actinomyces; Cell Wall; Dental Plaque; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glucose; Hemagglutination Tests; Myeloma Proteins; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Sucrose
PubMed: 344220
DOI: 10.1128/iai.19.2.711-719.1978 -
International Journal of Systematic... Jul 1997Five strains of a hitherto unknown Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from human clinical sources, including blood cultures. Biochemical and chemotaxonomic...
Characterization of some Actinomyces-like isolates from human clinical specimens: reclassification of Actinomyces suis (Soltys and Spratling) as Actinobaculum suis comb. nov. and description of Actinobaculum schaalii sp. nov.
Five strains of a hitherto unknown Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from human clinical sources, including blood cultures. Biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that the strains were distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the undescribed strains constitute a new subline within the Actinomyces-Arcanobacterium species complex. The closest known relative of the isolates was found to be Actinomyces suis, although a 16S rRNA sequence divergence value of approximately 6% clearly demonstrated that the unknown bacterium represents a distinct species. Based on the results of the present and earlier phylogenetic investigations, it is proposed that Actinomyces suis should be reclassified in a new genus, the genus Actinobaculum, as Actinobaculum suis comb. nov. In addition, a new species, Actinobaculum schaalii, is proposed for the Actinomyces-like bacterium from human sources. The type strain of Actinobaculum schaalii is CCUG 27420.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Bacterial Proteins; Blood; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny
PubMed: 9226926
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-47-3-899 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Jan 1982
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteriological Techniques; Dental Plaque; Fixatives; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Microscopy, Electron
PubMed: 6211536
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01128.x -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Feb 1990Rapid tests for carbohydrate fermentation, nitrate reduction and enzymic reactions with single reagents were used for species identification of 144 isolates being...
Rapid tests for carbohydrate fermentation, nitrate reduction and enzymic reactions with single reagents were used for species identification of 144 isolates being gram-positive pleomorphic rods and belonging to the genus Actinomyces. The isolates derived from human supragingival and subgingival plaque. The results were compared with those obtained with reference strains as well as other previously identified strains belonging to Actinomyces and to the related genera Arachnia, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium and Rothia. The results showed that species identification within the genus Actinomyces was possible with the tests studied. A key for identification work is hereby provided.
Topics: Actinomyces; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Catalase; Dental Plaque; Humans
PubMed: 2087344
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1990.tb00224.x -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Jan 1981Two cases of Actinomyces viscosus infection of the lungs were seen in nonimmunosuppressed patients. One patient had a peripheral actinomycotic lung mass resembling a...
Two cases of Actinomyces viscosus infection of the lungs were seen in nonimmunosuppressed patients. One patient had a peripheral actinomycotic lung mass resembling a tumor. Both patients responded to a long course of penicillin therapy. Reports of A. viscosus infections are rare, although the organism colonizes the mouths of most adult humans. Only ten cases have previously been described. There is no characteristic of A. viscosus infection that can distinguish it from Actinomyces israelii or Actinomyces bovis infections. The illness usually manifests as a chronic disease weeks to months before the diagnosis, which can only be made by identification of the organism from a clinical specimen uncontaminated by sputum or mouth flora. Ignorance of the biochemical reactions and growth characteristics of this organism have in the past hindered its isolation and identification. At least three weeks of antibiotic therapy using agents to which A. viscosus is sensitive in vitro are required for cure.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male
PubMed: 7457420
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/75.1.113 -
Microbial Ecology Jan 2016Despite many examples of obligate epibiotic symbiosis (one organism living on the surface of another) in nature, such an interaction has rarely been observed between two...
Despite many examples of obligate epibiotic symbiosis (one organism living on the surface of another) in nature, such an interaction has rarely been observed between two bacteria. Here, we further characterize a newly reported interaction between a human oral obligate parasitic bacterium TM7x (cultivated member of Candidatus Saccharimonas formerly Candidate Phylum TM7), and its basibiont Actinomyces odontolyticus species (XH001), providing a model system to study epiparasitic symbiosis in the domain Bacteria. Detailed microscopic studies indicate that both partners display extensive morphological changes during symbiotic growth. XH001 cells manifested as short rods in monoculture, but displayed elongated and hyphal morphology when physically associated with TM7x. Interestingly, these dramatic morphological changes in XH001 were also induced in oxygen-depleted conditions, even in the absence of TM7x. Targeted quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that both the physical association with TM7x as well as oxygen depletion triggered up-regulation of key stress response genes in XH001, and in combination, these conditions act in an additive manner. TM7x and XH001 co-exist with relatively uniform cell morphologies under nutrient-replete conditions. However, upon nutrient depletion, TM7x-associated XH001 displayed a variety of cell morphologies, including swollen cell body, clubbed-ends, and even cell lysis, and a large portion of TM7x cells transformed from ultrasmall cocci into elongated cells. Our study demonstrates a highly dynamic interaction between epibiont TM7x and its basibiont XH001 in response to physical association or environmental cues such as oxygen level and nutritional status, as reflected by their morphological and physiological changes during symbiotic growth.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Humans; Mouth; Phenotype; Symbiosis
PubMed: 26597961
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0711-7 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1975Actinomyces viscosus is a gram-positive, non-acid-fact, facultative, catalase-positive, filamentous, or diphtheroidal microorganism. It was isolated from six canine...
Actinomyces viscosus is a gram-positive, non-acid-fact, facultative, catalase-positive, filamentous, or diphtheroidal microorganism. It was isolated from six canine infections during a period of 1.5 years. The organism was cultured from exudate and flaky granules aspirated from infectious granulomas and empyemas. All cultures grew well aerobically and anaerobically with the addition of 10% carbon dioxide. They fermented lactose, produced catalase and acetylmethylcarbinol, reduced nitrates, hydrolyzed aesculin, and did not produce gelatinase or urease. These physiological characteristics distinguish A. viscosus from other morphologically similar organisms.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Classification; Dog Diseases; Dogs
PubMed: 1236870
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.1.1.75-78.1975 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2000Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from human clinical sources (urine, urethra and vaginal secretion). Biochemical...
Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from human clinical sources (urine, urethra and vaginal secretion). Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains were phenotypically homogeneous and distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within a group of Actinomyces species which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from humans be classified as Actinomyces urogenitalis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces urogenitalis is CCUG 38702T (= CIP 106421T).
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urogenital System
PubMed: 10939672
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-4-1649 -
Journal of Dental Research Jun 1981Actinomyces strains were tested for evidence of bacteriocin-like antagonism. Prevalence of inter-strain antagonism was low, and, when present, zones of inhibition were...
Actinomyces strains were tested for evidence of bacteriocin-like antagonism. Prevalence of inter-strain antagonism was low, and, when present, zones of inhibition were generally small and poorly defined. Strains of A. viscosus were very susceptible to bacteriocin-like inhibition by S. mutans. Prevalence of inhibition was high, and zones of inhibition tended to be large and well defined. Inhibitors produced by S. mutans were generally heat stable, nondialyzable, and sensitive to proteolytic enzymes. Individual strains of A. viscosus could be differentiated on the basis of sensitivity patterns to a battery of S. mutans strains.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adolescent; Adult; Bacteriocins; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 6939718
DOI: 10.1177/00220345810600060101 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 1986The implantation of Actinomyces viscosus strain T14V-J1 was studied in mice in vivo. The optimum age range for implantation was from 40 to 80 days. The minimum infective...
The implantation of Actinomyces viscosus strain T14V-J1 was studied in mice in vivo. The optimum age range for implantation was from 40 to 80 days. The minimum infective dose of strain T14V-J1 required for colonization in all inoculated animals (ID100) was 5 X 10(8) CFU for 40-day-old mice and 1 X 10(9) CFU for 100-day-old mice. The high ID100 required for implantation of strain T14V-J1 in these mice is consistent with the finding that tooth surfaces of these animals are not colonized by detectable indigenous Actinomyces. The infection could also be transmitted to non-infected mice housed with infected mice. This in vivo model can be used to evaluate the potential for reducing or preventing Actinomyces colonization on teeth by vaccination with fimbrial adhesins.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adsorption; Animals; Ecology; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Saliva; Time Factors; Tooth
PubMed: 3455963
DOI: 10.1177/00220345860650020101