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Journal of Dental Research 1975
Topics: Actinomyces; Cell Membrane; Fructose; Glucose; Sucrase; Sucrose
PubMed: 1053762
DOI: 10.1177/00220345750540011901 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 1986The implantation of Actinomyces viscosus strain T14V-J1 was studied in mice in vivo. The optimum age range for implantation was from 40 to 80 days. The minimum infective...
The implantation of Actinomyces viscosus strain T14V-J1 was studied in mice in vivo. The optimum age range for implantation was from 40 to 80 days. The minimum infective dose of strain T14V-J1 required for colonization in all inoculated animals (ID100) was 5 X 10(8) CFU for 40-day-old mice and 1 X 10(9) CFU for 100-day-old mice. The high ID100 required for implantation of strain T14V-J1 in these mice is consistent with the finding that tooth surfaces of these animals are not colonized by detectable indigenous Actinomyces. The infection could also be transmitted to non-infected mice housed with infected mice. This in vivo model can be used to evaluate the potential for reducing or preventing Actinomyces colonization on teeth by vaccination with fimbrial adhesins.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adsorption; Animals; Ecology; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Saliva; Time Factors; Tooth
PubMed: 3455963
DOI: 10.1177/00220345860650020101 -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Jun 1992The effects of bicarbonate on acid production by 4 human strains of Actinomyces viscosus were estimated under anaerobic conditions. The rate of acid production was...
The effects of bicarbonate on acid production by 4 human strains of Actinomyces viscosus were estimated under anaerobic conditions. The rate of acid production was accelerated by bicarbonate 3-4 times as much as that without bicarbonate. The analyses of intracellular glycolytic intermediates, NAD and NADH revealed a decrease in NADH:NAD ratio and an increase in the level of 3-phosphoglycerate in the cells when bicarbonate was present. Furthermore, when bicarbonate was available, malate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase in the succinate pathway were expected to function as NADH-oxidizing enzymes in addition to lactate dehydrogenase. These observations indicate the efficient regeneration of NAD in the presence of bicarbonate. Thus, the stimulation of A. viscosus glycolysis by bicarbonate was thought to stem from the activation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) by the decrease in the level of NADH, because NADH was a strong inhibitor of G3PDH in this microorganism.
Topics: Acetates; Actinomyces viscosus; Anaerobiosis; Bicarbonates; Enzyme Activation; Glucose; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Glycolysis; Lactates; NAD; Peptide Fragments; Succinates
PubMed: 1408353
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1992.tb00530.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1975Actinomyces viscosus is a gram-positive, non-acid-fact, facultative, catalase-positive, filamentous, or diphtheroidal microorganism. It was isolated from six canine...
Actinomyces viscosus is a gram-positive, non-acid-fact, facultative, catalase-positive, filamentous, or diphtheroidal microorganism. It was isolated from six canine infections during a period of 1.5 years. The organism was cultured from exudate and flaky granules aspirated from infectious granulomas and empyemas. All cultures grew well aerobically and anaerobically with the addition of 10% carbon dioxide. They fermented lactose, produced catalase and acetylmethylcarbinol, reduced nitrates, hydrolyzed aesculin, and did not produce gelatinase or urease. These physiological characteristics distinguish A. viscosus from other morphologically similar organisms.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Classification; Dog Diseases; Dogs
PubMed: 1236870
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.1.1.75-78.1975 -
Infection and Immunity Apr 1981The influence of the growth medium on the ability of strains of Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii to attach to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite...
The influence of the growth medium on the ability of strains of Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii to attach to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite (S-HA) surfaces was studied. Preliminary experiments indicated that cells of each species harvested in lag, log, and early stationary phases of growth adsorbed comparably to S-HA; thus, early stationary phase cells were used in all subsequent assays. Strains were grown in chemically defined medium (CDM), in CDM supplemented with gastric mucin or with filter-sterilized or (60)Co-irradiated saliva from human donors of blood types A, B, or O, and in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems) and Todd-Hewitt broth. Adherence of S. mutans H12 to S-HA tended to vary when the streptococci were grown in saliva-supplemented CDM, but the number of cells which attached was generally within twofold of that of CDM-grown cells. Attachment of A. viscosus S2 and LY7 and of A. naeslundii S4 and L13 was generally similar when grown in CDM or in CDM supplemented with saliva, but it tended to increase for organisms grown in CDM supplemented with gastric mucin. None of the strains studied appeared to destroy the blood group reactivity of the added salivary components, and they attached equally well to HA treated with homologous or heterogous saliva from that present in the medium in which they were grown. The A. viscosus strains adsorbed in 25 to 40% higher numbers to HA treated with blood type B saliva than with type A saliva, irrespective of the medium used for growth. S. mutans H12 cells displayed alpha- and beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase activity; the Actinomyces strains exhibited these activities plus beta-galactosidase when grown in all media. However, the levels of these glycoside hydrolases did not correlate with cell adsorption to S-HA. The apparent weak influence of the growth medium on attachment of S. mutans was studied further. Strains of S. mutans isolated from the saliva of five human donors were made resistant to streptomycin, grown in CDM, and then added to new saliva samples from the respective donors from which they were obtained. The in vitro-grown cells were found to attach to S-HA comparably to S. mutans cells present naturally in the saliva.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Actinomyces; Adhesiveness; Adsorption; Culture Media; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Preservation, Biological; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 7216480
DOI: 10.1128/iai.32.1.111-117.1981 -
Infection and Immunity Jun 1979Coaggregation reactions between actinomycete and streptococcal cells occurred frequently when human strains of Actinomyces viscosus or A. naeslundii were mixed with...
Coaggregation reactions between actinomycete and streptococcal cells occurred frequently when human strains of Actinomyces viscosus or A. naeslundii were mixed with human isolates of Streptococcus sanguis or S. mitis, but were infrequent with other oral actinomycetes and streptococci. Two groups of actinomycetes and four groups of streptococci were defined by the patterns of their coaggregation reactions and by the ability of beta-linked galactosides (i.e., lactose) to reverse these reactions. Coaggregations occurred by one of the following three kinds to cell-cell interactions: (i) coaggregation that was blocked by heating the streptococcus but not the actinomycete and was not reversed by lactose; (ii) coaggregation that was blocked by heating the actinomycete but not the streptococcus and was reversed by lactose; and (iii) coaggregation that was blocked only by heating both cell types. The latter reaction was a combination of the first two since lactose reversed coaggregation between heated streptococci and unheated actinomycetes but did not reverse coaggregations between unheated streptococci and heated actinomycetes. Cells that could be heat inactivated also were inactivated by amino group acetylation or protease digestion, whereas cells that were unaffected by heat were not inactivated by these treatments. Coaggregation reactions of each kind were Ca2+ dependent and insensitive to dextranase treatment. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that human strains of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii coaggregate with strains of S. sanguis and S. mitis by a system of specific cell surface interactions between protein or glycoprotein receptors on one cell type and carbohydrates on the other type.
Topics: Acetylation; Actinomyces; Calcium; Dextranase; Dextrans; Fructans; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lactose; Peptide Hydrolases; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis
PubMed: 468376
DOI: 10.1128/iai.24.3.742-752.1979 -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Nov 1973
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Branchioma; Humans; Male
PubMed: 4751713
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/60.5.711 -
[Osaka Daigaku Shigaku Zasshi] the... Jun 1978
Review
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Cell Wall; Dental Plaque; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 397329
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of General Microbiology May 1973
Numerical taxonomy and laboratory identification of Bacterionema matruchotii, Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, and some related bacteria.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Computers; Corynebacterium; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Methods; Nocardia
PubMed: 4579125
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-76-1-43 -
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids May 1974
Topics: Actinomyces; Chromatography; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Galactose; Glycerides; Glycolipids; Mass Spectrometry; Palmitic Acids; Silicon Dioxide; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 4366087
DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(74)90072-3