-
Society For Applied Bacteriology... Jan 1973
Review
Topics: Actinomycetales; Animal Feed; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Food Preservation; Humans; Plant Diseases; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 4584095
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2016
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections
PubMed: 27598282
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182016000300011 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Aug 2010We reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the bacterial genus Pseudonocardia to evaluate two models explaining how and why Pseudonocardia bacteria colonize... (Review)
Review
We reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the bacterial genus Pseudonocardia to evaluate two models explaining how and why Pseudonocardia bacteria colonize the microbial communities on the integument of fungus-gardening ant species (Attini, Formicidae). The traditional Coevolution-Codivergence model views the integument-colonizing Pseudonocardia as mutualistic microbes that are largely vertically transmitted between ant generations and that supply antibiotics that specifically suppress the garden pathogen Escovopsis. The more recent Acquisition model views Pseudonocardia as part of a larger integumental microbe community that frequently colonizes the ant integument from environmental sources (e.g., soil, plant material). Under this latter model, ant-associated Pseudonocardia may have diverse ecological roles on the ant integument (possibly ranging from pathogenic, to commensal, to mutualistic) and are not necessarily related to Escovopsis suppression. We test distinct predictions of these two models regarding the phylogenetic proximity of ant-associated and environmental Pseudonocardia. We amassed 16S-rRNA gene sequence information for 87 attine-associated and 238 environmental Pseudonocardia, aligned the sequences with the help of RNA secondary structure modeling, and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using a maximum-likelihood approach. We present 16S-rRNA secondary structure models of representative Pseudonocardia species to improve sequence alignments and identify sequencing errors. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal close affinities and even identical sequence matches between environmental Pseudonocardia and ant-associated Pseudonocardia, as well as nesting of environmental Pseudonocardia in subgroups that were previously thought to be specialized to associate only with attine ants. The great majority of ant-associated Pseudonocardia are closely related to autotrophic Pseudonocardia and are placed in a large subgroup of Pseudonocardia that is known essentially only from cultured isolates (rather than cloned 16S sequences). The preponderance of the known ant-associated Pseudonocardia in this latter clade of culturable lineages may not necessarily reflect abundance of these Pseudonocardia types on the ants, but isolation biases when screening for Pseudonocardia (e.g., preferential isolation of autotrophic Pseudonocardia with minimum-nutrient media). The accumulated phylogenetic patterns and the possibility of isolation biases in previous work further erode support for the traditional Coevolution-Codivergence model and calls for continued revision of our understanding how and why Pseudonocardia colonize the microbial communities on the integument of fungus-gardening ant species.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Animals; Ants; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Symbiosis
PubMed: 20333466
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9427-3 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Mar 20201,4-Dioxane, a co-contaminant at many chlorinated solvent sites, is a problematic groundwater pollutant because of risks to human health and characteristics which make...
1,4-Dioxane, a co-contaminant at many chlorinated solvent sites, is a problematic groundwater pollutant because of risks to human health and characteristics which make remediation challenging. In situ 1,4-dioxane bioremediation has recently been shown to be an effective remediation strategy. However, the presence/abundance of 1,4-dioxane degrading species across different environmental samples is generally unknown. Here, the objectives were to identify which 1,4-dioxane degrading functional genes are present and which genera may be using 1,4-dioxane and/or metabolites to support growth across different microbial communities. For this, laboratory sample microcosms and abiotic control microcosms (containing media) were inoculated with four uncontaminated soils and sediments from two contaminated sites. Live control microcosms were treated in the same manner, except 1,4-dioxane was not added. 1,4-Dioxane decreased in live microcosms with all six inocula, but not in the abiotic controls, suggesting biodegradation occurred. A comparison of live sample microcosms and live controls (no 1,4-dioxane) indicated nineteen genera were enriched following exposure to 1,4-dioxane, suggesting a growth benefit for 1,4-dioxane biodegradation. The three most enriched were Mycobacterium, Nocardioides, and Kribbella (classifying as Actinomycetales). There was also a higher level of enrichment for Arthrobacter, Nocardia, and Gordonia (all three classifying as Actinomycetales) in one soil, Hyphomicrobium (Rhizobiales) in another soil, Clavibacter (Actinomycetales) and Bartonella (Rhizobiales) in another soil, and Chelativorans (Rhizobiales) in another soil. Although Arthrobacter, Mycobacterium, and Nocardia have previously been linked to 1,4-dioxane degradation, Nocardioides, Gordonia, and Kribbella are potentially novel degraders. The analysis of the functional genes associated with 1,4-dioxane demonstrated three genes were present at higher relative abundance values, including Rhodococcus sp. RR1 prmA, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 prmA, and Burkholderia cepacia G4 tomA3. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the identity of the multiple genera and functional genes associated with aerobic degradation of 1,4-dioxane in mixed communities.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Biodegradation, Environmental; Dioxanes; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Phylogeny; Soil Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 31956944
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10376-7 -
Annual Review of Microbiology 1967
Review
Topics: Actinomycetales; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 4860270
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.mi.21.100167.000443 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Aug 2014The process of bioethanol production from biomass comprises pretreatments and enzyme-mediated hydrolysis to convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. Because of... (Review)
Review
The process of bioethanol production from biomass comprises pretreatments and enzyme-mediated hydrolysis to convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. Because of the recalcitrant character of cellulose, the enzymatic hydrolysis is considered the major challenge in this process to be economically competitive. These technical difficulties highlight the need for the discovery of new enzymes to optimize and lower the cost of current technologies. Microorganisms have developed efficient systems for cellulose degradation. Among cellulolytic microbes, Thermobifida fusca possesses great physiological and cellulolytic characteristics (thermostability, high activity and tolerance to a broad pH range) making it an interesting organism to be studied from an applied perspective. In this review we describe the main enzymes/proteins produced by T.fusca (cellulases, xylanases, mannanase, manosidase, CBM33 and CelR), the effect of substrate on T. fusca proteome, enzyme improvement approaches, synergism between enzymes/proteins and artificial cellulosomes.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Cellulosomes; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes; Ethanol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lignin; Temperature
PubMed: 23537325
DOI: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.776512 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Aug 1982The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics of a new actinomycete strain producing a new antibiotic, setamycin are described. The strain...
The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics of a new actinomycete strain producing a new antibiotic, setamycin are described. The strain forms aerial mycelia. There is no fragmentation of vegetative mycelia. Since the cell wall type is a new one containing both LL- and meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, glycine and galactose, strain KM-6054 could not be classified in any previously named genera of the order Actinomycetales. Thus, it is considered to be a member of a new genus, for which the name Kitasatosporia is proposed. The type species (monotype) of this genus is K. setalba. The type strain of K. setalba is strain KM-6054 (ATCC 33774).
Topics: Actinomycetales; Cell Wall
PubMed: 7142001
DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.35.1013 -
Mikrobiologiia 2004
Review
Topics: Academies and Institutes; Actinomycetales; Biological Evolution; Phylogeny; Politics
PubMed: 15595514
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Applied Bacteriology Mar 1968
Review
Topics: Actinomycetales; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ecology; Hot Temperature; Humans; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 4870169
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1968.tb00339.x -
Applied Microbiology Mar 1970The properties of 42 strains of nocardoid (nocardioform) bacteria were compared. The results indicate that the organism previously called Nocardia turbata does not...
The properties of 42 strains of nocardoid (nocardioform) bacteria were compared. The results indicate that the organism previously called Nocardia turbata does not belong to the genus Nocardia nor does it fit into any of the previously described genera.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacteriological Techniques; Catalase; Cell Wall; Culture Media; Cytosine; Guanine; Microscopy, Electron; Nocardia; Temperature
PubMed: 4909355
DOI: 10.1128/am.19.3.527-533.1970