-
The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 1991
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Legionellosis; Rhodococcus; Sternum; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 1984178
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199101103240210 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases May 2010Rhodococcus equi is a veterinary pathogen that can cause substantial morbidity in patients that are immunocompromised and are occupationally and recreationally exposed... (Review)
Review
Rhodococcus equi is a veterinary pathogen that can cause substantial morbidity in patients that are immunocompromised and are occupationally and recreationally exposed to farming, livestock, and dry soil environments. Although the clinical spectrum of disease associated with R equi is broad, pulmonary involvement is a predominant feature in most cases. We present a case of occupationally acquired R equi pneumonia and mediastinal lymphadenitis in a patient that has had a renal transplant and is in receipt of a stable immunosuppression regimen. We review the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of infections with Rhodococcus spp, and discuss approaches to treatment of this disease entity in populations of patients who are immunocompromised.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphadenitis; Male; Mediastinal Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Rhodococcus equi
PubMed: 20417417
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70068-2 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 2022
Review
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Tropheryma; Whipple Disease
PubMed: 35975990
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01478-21 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2019Rhodococcus equi is a recognized cause of disease in humans, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised. Because diphtheroids are regarded as part of normal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Rhodococcus equi is a recognized cause of disease in humans, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised. Because diphtheroids are regarded as part of normal respiratory flora, the importance of R. equi as a pulmonary pathogen may not be fully appreciated and its prevalence may be underestimated. Most treatment recommendations for R. equi infection were established before antiretroviral drugs became available for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS therapy, and therapeutic strategies may need to be updated.
OBJECTIVES
To review the role of R. equi as a cause of pulmonary infection; to highlight its importance for clinicians and microbiologists; and to challenge current approaches to treatment, whether in immunodeficient or immunocompetent individuals.
SOURCES
A PubMed search using combinations of the following terms: 'Rhodococcus (automatically including Corynebacterium) equi' AND 'pneumonia' OR 'pulmonary' infection, then cross-checking references in the resulting cases, case series and reviews.
CONTENT
We provide a review that details the challenges in the diagnosis, microbiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary infection caused by R. equi and the options for treatment.
IMPLICATIONS
Ten to 14 days of treatment may be effective for pneumonia due to R. equi. Our review suggests that longer courses of therapy are needed for cavitary lesions and lung masses. However, recommendations for excessively prolonged treatment of all pulmonary infections arose during a time when many cases occurred in individuals with AIDS and before effective antiretroviral therapy was available. We suggest that the rationale for prolonged therapy with multiple antibiotics needs to be re-evaluated.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Management; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lung; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Rhodococcus equi
PubMed: 29777923
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.033 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 2022
Review
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Tropheryma; Whipple Disease
PubMed: 35975989
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01595-21 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Apr 2023Foals become infected shortly after birth; most develop subclinical pneumonia and 20% to 30% develop clinical pneumonia that requires treatment. It is now well... (Review)
Review
Foals become infected shortly after birth; most develop subclinical pneumonia and 20% to 30% develop clinical pneumonia that requires treatment. It is now well established that the combination of screening programs based on thoracic ultrasonography and treatment of subclinical foals with antimicrobials has led to the development of resistant Rhodococcus equi strains. Thus, targeted treatment programs are needed. Administration of R equi-specific hyperimmune plasma shortly after birth is beneficial as foals develop less severe pneumonia but does not seem to prevent infection. This article provides a summary of clinically relevant research published during this past decade.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Rhodococcus equi; Actinomycetales Infections; Horse Diseases; Pneumonia
PubMed: 36898784
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2022.11.002 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 2013Gordonia species are ubiquitous aerobic actinomycetes that rarely cause infection in humans. We report the second known case of Gordonia otitidis catheter-related...
Gordonia species are ubiquitous aerobic actinomycetes that rarely cause infection in humans. We report the second known case of Gordonia otitidis catheter-related bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient and review four additional cases of Gordonia bacteremia seen at our institution over the past 14 years. In addition, the existing literature on Gordonia infections is reviewed.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Catheter-Related Infections; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 23884999
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01449-13 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Oct 2012
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Bacteriological Techniques; Coinfection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 22749060
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.04.008 -
Vojnosanitetski Pregled Nov 2006
Review
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Rhodococcus equi
PubMed: 17144431
DOI: 10.2298/vsp0611957m -
Tropical Doctor Oct 2022formerly known as is a Gram positive bacilli. It is a fastidious, facultative anerobic, catalase negative, beta haemolytic and non motile bacterium. Gram positive...
formerly known as is a Gram positive bacilli. It is a fastidious, facultative anerobic, catalase negative, beta haemolytic and non motile bacterium. Gram positive bacilli are usually considered to be non-pathogenic as the majority are part of normal flora of human skin and mucous membranes. Hence, diagnosis of such infection and its treatment may be delayed by a failure of recognition. However, this bacterium has been implicated in wound, superficial and deep-seated soft tissue infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, pneumonia, and also septicemia. The early diagnostic evaluation of this organism is emphasized. We report a case series which illustrates the significance of in skin and soft tissue infections.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Arcanobacterium; Catalase; Humans; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 35892166
DOI: 10.1177/00494755221097506