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Revue Medicale Suisse Oct 2019Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the disease affects the cervicofacial region, but other anatomical sites in the abdomen, thorax and central nervous system may be involved. Differential diagnosis includes neoplasia. Prolonged culture of deep samples in an anaerobic environment is the gold standard of the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is intravenous penicillin G followed by oral amoxicillin for a total duration of 6 to 12 months. However, depending on the location and response to antibiotics, shorter therapy may be considered.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Neoplasms; Organ Specificity
PubMed: 31599519
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Dermatology Oct 2020Cervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous bacterial infection. It is often of dental origin and tends to mimic other dental... (Review)
Review
Cervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous bacterial infection. It is often of dental origin and tends to mimic other dental infections, granulomatous disorders, and cancers. The initial diagnostic workup, predicated upon imaging and tissue biopsies, is frequently nonspecific. A definitive diagnosis is usually rendered only after surgical excision and histologic examination of the cervicofacial mass. We propose a classification of three stages: localized infection without sinus involvement, localized infection with sinus involvement, and disseminated infection, to facilitate recognition, diagnosis, and early aggressive treatment. Untreated infection may be life-threatening. Therapy may require long-term antibiotics; however, many cases may also necessitate complete surgical excision.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Humans
PubMed: 32162331
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14833 -
The Journal of Infection Sep 1989
Review
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans
PubMed: 2681432
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(89)91739-8 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jun 1998
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Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Dec 2021Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which in most cases manifests itself in the cervicofacial area and often...
Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which in most cases manifests itself in the cervicofacial area and often has a dentogenic focus. The clinical presentation ranges from acute abscess to chronically fistulating soft tissue processes. Early diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach including a combination of extensive antibiotic treatment and, if necessary, surgical intervention are critical. This article presents five cases of actinomycete infections, which are intended to illustrate the variety of clinical presentations, the problems on the way to the correct diagnosis and possible therapeutic courses.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 33618377
DOI: 10.1055/a-1381-8406 -
International Journal of Surgery... Dec 2007Abdominal actinomycosis has been recognised for over 150 years yet remains largely unknown to most clinicians. It's varied presentations are usually considered to... (Review)
Review
Abdominal actinomycosis has been recognised for over 150 years yet remains largely unknown to most clinicians. It's varied presentations are usually considered to represent malignancy rather than an infective process - and was once described as 'the most misdiagnosed disease'. Actinomyces are gram positive bacilli of the Actinomycetales genus, and A. israelii is responsible for the majority of human disease. They are normal commensal inhabitants of the human bronchial and gastrointestinal tracts and seem to only cause pathological infection after preceding mucosal breakdown. Patients who have undergone appendicectomy, have had a missed perforated appendicitis or women with a history of intrauterine contraceptive device use are at an increased risk. Florid abscess formation with fistulation, abundant granulation and dense surrounding fibrosis are common. Diagnosis prior to, or even during, surgery is rare and the findings are usually mistaken for acute inflammatory pathologies or malignancy. The treatment of choice is prolonged antibiotic therapy, usually with penicillin to which the organisms remain exquisitely sensitive, although delayed recurrence is possible. This review outlines the historical background of actinomyceal infection and considers the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of abdominal actinomycosis.
Topics: Abdomen; Actinomycosis; Humans
PubMed: 18078685
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2006.06.009 -
Future Microbiology 2015Actinomycosis is a rare subacute or chronic, endogenous infection mainly by Actinomyces species, showing low virulence through fimbriae and biofilms. Cervicofacial,... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a rare subacute or chronic, endogenous infection mainly by Actinomyces species, showing low virulence through fimbriae and biofilms. Cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic and sometimes cerebral, laryngeal, urinary and other regions can be affected. Actinomycosis mimics other diseases, often malignancy. Disease risk in immunocompromised subjects needs clarification. Diagnosis is often delayed and 'sulfur granules' are helpful but nonspecific. Culture requires immediate specimen transport and prolonged anaerobic incubation. Imaging, histology, cytology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and molecular methods improve the diagnosis. Actinomycetes are β-lactam susceptible, occasionally resistant. Treatment includes surgery and/or long-term parenteral then oral antibiotics, but some 1-4-week regimens or oral therapy alone were curative. For prophylaxis, oral hygiene and regular intrauterine device replacement are important.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Debridement; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans
PubMed: 25865197
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.130 -
International Journal of Dermatology Apr 1977
Review
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Humans; Lung Diseases; Penicillins
PubMed: 323166
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1977.tb01849.x -
Medicina Clinica Oct 1999
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Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Aug 2022
Topics: Actinomycosis; Cutaneous Fistula; Female; Humans; Uterus
PubMed: 35164640
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2029378