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British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Oct 2020Actinomycosis is an invasive and suppurative anaerobic infection, which can develop in the pelvis. This occurs most commonly as a result of prolonged use of an...
Actinomycosis is an invasive and suppurative anaerobic infection, which can develop in the pelvis. This occurs most commonly as a result of prolonged use of an intrauterine device. The constellation of signs and symptoms associated with its typical clinical presentation include palpable mass, weight loss and malaise. It can be misdiagnosed as a result and often as a malignant process. Left unrecognised, pelvic actinomycosis can lead to sequelae such as severe abscess, fistula formation and even infertility. Removal of the intrauterine device and a prolonged course (6-12 months) of antibiotic treatment form the cornerstone of management. Surgery can be required in select cases. This article provides an overview of pelvic actinomycosis, including its background, presentation, investigations and management.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycosis; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Pelvic Pain; Pelvis
PubMed: 33135910
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0190 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Feb 1997Actinomycetal infections involving the head and neck often pose a diagnostic puzzle to the otolaryngologist. A rare case of unilateral thyroid swelling due to... (Review)
Review
Actinomycetal infections involving the head and neck often pose a diagnostic puzzle to the otolaryngologist. A rare case of unilateral thyroid swelling due to actinomycosis is described. Although the clinical, laboratory and imaging studies strongly suggested a thyroid neoplasm, the histological examination revealed the presence of Actinomyces sp. in the excised lesion. The manifestations of actinomycosis of the head and neck, its pathogenesis and the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are hereby reviewed.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 9102448
DOI: 10.1017/s002221510013676x -
Veterinary Pathology Mar 2021Pneumonia has been reported in both free-ranging and captive koalas and a number of causative agents have been described. Between 2016 and 2019, 16 free-ranging and 1...
Pneumonia has been reported in both free-ranging and captive koalas and a number of causative agents have been described. Between 2016 and 2019, 16 free-ranging and 1 captive koala () from the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia were identified with pyogranulomatous lobar pneumonia, which involved the left caudal lobe in 14/17 (82%) cases. Within lesions, numerous gram-positive or gram-variable, non-acid-fast filamentous bacteria were observed in association with Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Culture yielded growth of anaerobic bacteria, which were unidentifiable by MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) analysis in 5/5 cases. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene identified a novel species in 4 samples, confirming a diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. Concurrent examination of resin lung casts from healthy koalas suggested greater laminar flow of air to the left caudal lung lobe in koalas. spp. have been reported as commensals of the oral microbiome in other species, and an association with similar pulmonary lesions in other species. Considering the predilection for involvement of the left caudal lung lobe, aspiration is suggested as the likely cause in some cases of pulmonary actinomycosis in koalas. Pulmonary actinomycosis has not been previously described in koalas and further work needs to be undertaken in order to classify this organism within the genus.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Animals; Australia; Phascolarctidae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; South Australia
PubMed: 33461422
DOI: 10.1177/0300985820973459 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 1990
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Chest Pain; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Spinal Cord Diseases; Thoracic Diseases; Time Factors
PubMed: 2271861
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.301.6764.1323 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Nov 2021Actinomyces are a part of the normal flora of the cervicofacial region, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract, but can cause infections when the normal mucosal...
Actinomyces are a part of the normal flora of the cervicofacial region, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract, but can cause infections when the normal mucosal barrier is lost. Herein, we report a rare case of actinomycosis of the gallbladder in a 60-years-old-female. The patient presented with right hypochondrium pain since three months; ultrasonography showed cholelithiasis with thick oedematous wall. An open cholecystectomy was carried out. Histological examination revealed an inflamed gallbladder with colonies of radiating filamentous structures having numerous sulphur granules which on gram staining showed filamentous gram-positive rods. The diagnosis of Actinomycosis of gallbladder was made. After cholecystectomy, prolonged antimicrobial therapy is recommended for patient with actinomycosis to prevent recurrence and even mortality.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Cholecystectomy; Female; Gallbladder; Humans; Middle Aged; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 35199761
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.6709 -
Proceedings of the American Thoracic... May 2010The order Actinomycetales includes phylogenetically diverse but morphologically similar aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that exhibit filamentous branching structures... (Review)
Review
The order Actinomycetales includes phylogenetically diverse but morphologically similar aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that exhibit filamentous branching structures which fragment into bacillary or coccoid forms. The aerobic actinomyces are a large, diverse group of gram-positive bacteria including Nocardia, Gordona, Tsukamurella, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Streptomycetes, Mycobacteria, and Corynebacteria. The anaerobic genera of medical importance include Actinomyces, Arachnia, Rothia, and Bifidobacterium. Both Actinomyces and Nocardia cause similar clinical syndromes involving the lung, bone and joint, soft tissue, and the central nervous system. The medically important Actinomyces organisms cause infections characterized by chronic progression, abscess formation with fistulous tracts and draining sinuses. Called "great masqueraders," diagnosis of actinomycosis and nocardiosis is often delayed. Once recognized, treatment of these infections requires long courses of parenteral and oral therapy. This review will compare and contrast infections due to Actinomyces and Nocardia.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Cellulitis; Disease Progression; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Nocardia Infections; Pneumonia; Skin Diseases, Infectious
PubMed: 20463251
DOI: 10.1513/pats.200907-077AL -
Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics Aug 1979
Review
Topics: Abdomen; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adolescent; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis
PubMed: 380028
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Apr 2005Actinomycosis of the anterior abdominal wall is a rare infection caused by different Actinomyces species. We report a case of primary actinomycosis localized on the... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis of the anterior abdominal wall is a rare infection caused by different Actinomyces species. We report a case of primary actinomycosis localized on the anterior abdominal wall, diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan, postoperatively confirmed by histopathological examination and treated by surgical resection combined with postoperative antibiotic therapy. The patient has been free of recurrence after 1 year. A review of the available literature is also presented.
Topics: Abdominal Wall; Actinomycosis; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Penicillins; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15836698
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03564.x -
Revista Medica de Chile Nov 1994Actinomycosis is a non opportunistic chronic infection caused by a superior bacteria that forms grains in the pus or affected organs. Fifty four cases have been reported... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a non opportunistic chronic infection caused by a superior bacteria that forms grains in the pus or affected organs. Fifty four cases have been reported in the last 50 years in the chilean literature, 51% were abdominal actinomycoses, 25.5% pelvic and 18.5% pulmonary. Fourteen cases have been treated in the last 9 years at San Borja Arriaran. Of these 7 were abdominal (1 parietal and 6 visceral forms) and four involved the rectosigmoid; two were ileocecal and occurred after an appendicectomy. The presenting picture was of a giant abdominal mass in two cases (one with a colocutaneous fistula), rectal stricture in one case, tubo-ovarian abscess with colonic involvement in one case, parietal mass in one case and a fistula after an appendicectomy in two cases. Actinomyces Israelli was found in the histopathological study in three cases and in the bacteriological study in two. All visceral forms were treated with penicillin plus tetracycline or amoxicillin during 6 to 12 months with complete and permanent recovery. Two patients required a colonic resection due to a iatrogenic damage and an associated diverticular disease. Three patients required a colostomy to overcome the obstruction, all of them are asymptomatic and without colostomy 18 months to 8 years later. Due to its different presentation forms, actinomycosis has been called "the great pretender" and in several occasions the histological or bacteriological diagnosis is not achieved.
Topics: Abdomen; Actinomycosis; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 7659904
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 1993
Review
Topics: Actinomycosis; Biopsy, Needle; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Humans; Incidence; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Zygoma
PubMed: 8434713
DOI: 10.1016/0196-0709(93)90002-o