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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jan 2016The genus Actinotignum contains three species, Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii), Actinotignum urinale and Actinotignum sanguinis. A. schaalii is... (Review)
Review
The genus Actinotignum contains three species, Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii), Actinotignum urinale and Actinotignum sanguinis. A. schaalii is the species most frequently involved in human infections, with 172 cases, mostly urinary tract infections (UTIs), reported so far. Invasive infections have also been described. This facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod is part of the urinary microbiota of healthy patients. It is responsible for UTIs, particularly in elderly men and young children. A. schaalii is an underestimated cause of UTIs because of its fastidious growth on usual media and difficulties associated with its identification using phenotypic methods. Indeed, this slow-growth bacterium requires blood-enriched media and an incubation time of 48 hours under anaerobic or 5% CO2 atmosphere. Furthermore, only matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) or molecular-based methods allow the accurate identification of this bacteria. MALDI-TOF using Microflex LT with the Biotyper database (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) is the most reliable technology for the routine identification of A. schaalii. The identification of this uropathogen is all the more important because it is resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and second-generation quinolones that are widely used in the treatment of UTIs. Antimicrobial therapy using β-lactams prolonged for up to 2 weeks is the most efficient treatment and should be recommended. Microbiologists should assess the presence of A. schaalii in urine using appropriate culture and identification methods in the case of a direct examination that is positive for small coccoid rods, a negative nitrite urinary stick associated with leukocyturia, treatment failure with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolones, or undocumented, repeated UTIs.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Sepsis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 26577137
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Oct 2019and are two facultative anaerobes that are common contaminants of human flora; namely the urinary tract, the female genital tract and the gastrointestinal tract. has...
and are two facultative anaerobes that are common contaminants of human flora; namely the urinary tract, the female genital tract and the gastrointestinal tract. has been linked with abscesses, decubitus ulcers and purulent urethritis, while has been associated with urinary tract infections, bacteremia and Fournier's gangrene. Here we present a case report of an 84-year-old female patient found to have a necrotizing soft tissue infection caused by and To our knowledge, this is the first case report that documents as a causal agent of a necrotizing infection.
PubMed: 31636892
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjz286 -
Future Microbiology Nov 2022We characterize the epidemiology of within a large Canadian region after implementation of improved identification methods. Positive cultures for from a centralized...
We characterize the epidemiology of within a large Canadian region after implementation of improved identification methods. Positive cultures for from a centralized microbiology laboratory in Canada were analyzed. Clinical data were retrieved through administrative databases and chart reviews. Primary outcome was incidence of infections; secondary outcomes included mortality, hospital admission and length of stay. 86 unique isolates were studied, 37 bloodstream infections (BSI) and 49 non-BSIs. Patients with BSIs were older with more comorbidities, with urinary tract infections implicated as the most frequent source; skin abscesses caused the most non-BSIs. Hospitalization and 90-day mortality was higher in the BSI group. is an important community-acquired pathogen with the potential to cause invasive infections.
Topics: Humans; Canada; Actinomycetaceae; Urinary Tract Infections; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Sepsis; Delivery of Health Care; Bacteremia; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36169260
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0049 -
Anaerobe Feb 2017Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic rod that is typically involved in urinary tract infections in elderly... (Review)
Review
Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic rod that is typically involved in urinary tract infections in elderly patients or those with underlying urological pathologies. In contrast, abscess formation caused by A. schaalii is very rare. We present a case of multiple abscesses in the perineal area in a young patient with hidradenitis suppurativa associated with A. schaalii and Prevotella melaninogenica and review the relevant literature on the topic.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroidaceae Infections; DNA, Ribosomal; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Prevotella melaninogenica; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 27913316
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.11.010 -
Germs Sep 2022is a small Gram-positive facultative anaerobic coccoid rod that was reclassified in 1997 from the genus and is difficult to culture with usual microbiological...
INTRODUCTION
is a small Gram-positive facultative anaerobic coccoid rod that was reclassified in 1997 from the genus and is difficult to culture with usual microbiological techniques, as it is slowly growing. is an emerging human pathogen that is most commonly implicated in urinary tract infections (UTIs), but has also been isolated less frequently from abscesses of various sites (such as the skin, the genitourinary tract, surgical sites or intraabdominal).
METHODS
All cases where was identified during a 6-year period (January 2016 - January 2022) in the University Hospital of Heraklion were reviewed.
RESULTS
was isolated in 11 cultures from 10 patients. The site of infection was skin and soft tissue in nine out of eleven cultures (81.8%) and the bone was the site of infection in two patients (18.2%). Most cultures were polymicrobial. The median age of patients was 55.5 years (interquartile range 34-63 years), and 80% (n=8) were male. was susceptible to beta-lactams, quinolones and vancomycin, but resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin and metronidazole. Moreover, two cases of diabetic patients diagnosed with polymicrobial diabetic foot osteomyelitis from this organism are presented in detail. Both patients were successfully managed with targeted antimicrobial treatment and prompt surgical management.
CONCLUSIONS
is an emerging pathogen that is likely under-reported due to difficulties in isolation and identification. Herein two cases of diabetic foot osteomyelitis are also presented in detail, successfully managed with targeted antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridement.
PubMed: 37680677
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1343 -
Microorganisms Mar 2021an emerging, opportunistic pathogen and its connection to non-infectious diseases and conditions, such as prostate or bladder cancer, or chronic inflammation has been...
an emerging, opportunistic pathogen and its connection to non-infectious diseases and conditions, such as prostate or bladder cancer, or chronic inflammation has been proposed. Here, we analyzed 297 urine, ureteral and urinary catheter samples from 128 patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Sequencing (PCR-DGGE-S), and culture, and 29 of these samples also by Illumina sequencing, to establish 's prevalence in urinary tract-related samples, its relation to other bacteria, and its potential association with patients' conditions and samples' characteristics. -positive samples were significantly more diverse than . negative and between-group diversity was higher than intra-group. sp., sp., and sp. were significantly more often present in -positive samples; thus, we suggest these species are concomitants, while and Staphylococcaceae were more often identified in -negative samples; therefore, we propose and these species are mutually exclusive. Additionally, a significantly higher prevalence in patients with ureter stricture associated hydronephrosis ( = 0.020) was noted. We suggest that could be an early polybacterial biofilm colonizer, together with concomitant species, known for pro-inflammatory features.
PubMed: 33807120
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030669 -
Cureus Feb 2021a Gram-positive rod residing in the urinary tract, is responsible for urinary tract infections and their complications including but not limited to bacteremia and...
a Gram-positive rod residing in the urinary tract, is responsible for urinary tract infections and their complications including but not limited to bacteremia and sepsis. is increasingly being detected in body fluid specimens owing to advancements in PCR techniques. This report describes an interesting case of an adult diabetic patient managed for Fournier's gangrene. was detected in the PCR of his wound cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of as the causative agent for Fournier's gangrene.
PubMed: 33728221
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13288 -
Heliyon Apr 2024affects elderly people and is associated with individuals with urological-related predispositions, but can be found in a variety of locations, such as cutaneous,...
affects elderly people and is associated with individuals with urological-related predispositions, but can be found in a variety of locations, such as cutaneous, intraabdominal, genitourinary and surgical infections. Disseminated infections occur less frequently and are by and large related to urinary tract colonisation. This pathogen is often neglected due to growth requirements, especially in urinary tract infections. We present 107 isolated from genitourinary samples (80.4%), from skin and soft tissue infections (13.1%), from bone and deep tissue infection (4.7%) and from blood cultures (1.9%). The automated system Alfred 60/AST was paramount for the isolation of 77.6% of the UTI. All the isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and tetracycline. In conclusion, we present a large series of infections. This pathogen is hard to isolate, and is resistant to commonly used empirical antimicrobials.
PubMed: 38590897
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28589 -
Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 2022Accurate diagnosis and treatment of febrile urinary tract infections (UTI) during childhood are important for the prevention of renal parenchymal damage and functional...
Accurate diagnosis and treatment of febrile urinary tract infections (UTI) during childhood are important for the prevention of renal parenchymal damage and functional loss, and detection of underlying diseases related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). ()-related febrile UTI in children is rare, and its incidence and risk factors remain unclear. A 3-year-old boy with a history of UTI presented with fever and vomiting. Although the culture of his urine specimen in air was negative, was observed in a 5% carbon dioxide (CO) culture condition, as well as an anaerobic one. A diagnosis of febrile UTI was made, and he recovered with antibiotic therapy. He was found to have CKD associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after further investigations. is one of the causative agents of febrile UTI in children with urinary tract abnormalities. Although the culture in the air could show negative results, urine culture in 5% CO and anaerobic conditions is useful for diagnosis. Our case is the youngest and the first known case of -related febrile UTI associated with VUR in children.
PubMed: 36518361
DOI: 10.1159/000526398 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020is an anaerobic, gram-positive commensal organism of the urogenital tract. typically causes urinary tract infections, predominantly in the elderly. Here, we describe...
is an anaerobic, gram-positive commensal organism of the urogenital tract. typically causes urinary tract infections, predominantly in the elderly. Here, we describe the first case of infection presenting as cellulitis and abscess in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. The patient was successfully treated with an incision and drainage and a prolonged antibiotic course. infection should be considered in sterile abscesses, and anaerobic cultures should be requested in the absence of positive routine cultures.
PubMed: 32580346
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060494