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Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and... 2021L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amino hydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is the most important chemotherapeutic drug used in treating Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), decreasing... (Review)
Review
L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amino hydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is the most important chemotherapeutic drug used in treating Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), decreasing blood asparagine rates causing apoptosis in tumor cells. However, pharmacological drugs cause several side effects making treatments difficult. Thus, searches for new sources of L-asparaginase or enzyme modifications focus on discovering new products to use in therapy. This article reviewed published patents from 2000 to 2020 related to the treatment of ALL using L-asparaginase. Many organisms have been shown as potential viable L-asparaginase producers for use in the treatment of ALL. However, this patent review shows that few of these organisms are gaining attention to becoming bioproducts for the market. It is expected that drugs in the testing phase and patents related to the treatment of ALL and other cancers will become real products. Besides, a treatment using an amino acid depletion approach, now referring to asparagine, altogether with a compound that directly interferes with the expression of the asparagine synthase gene, is more suitable for the treatment of ALL and possibly to other cancers.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase; Humans; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 33685385
DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666210301125843 -
Future Oncology (London, England) 2015The occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients receiving L-asparaginase therapy may cause significant morbidity, neurological... (Review)
Review
The occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients receiving L-asparaginase therapy may cause significant morbidity, neurological sequela and possibly worse outcomes. The prophylactic use of antithrombin infusion (to keep antithrombin activity >60%) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may reduce the risk of VTE. The decision to continue L-asparaginase therapy after the development of VTE should be based on anticipated benefits, severity of VTE and the ability to continue therapeutic anticoagulation. In patients receiving asparaginase rechallenge, the use of therapeutic LMWH, monitoring of anti-Xa level and antithrombin level are important. Novel oral anticoagulants are not dependent on antithrombin level, hence offer theoretical advantages over LMWH for the prevention and therapy of asparaginase-related VTE.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Disease Management; Humans; Incidence; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Risk Factors; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 26274336
DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.114 -
Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine =... 2015Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant neoplasm of the lymphocyte precursor cells. Among adults it is a relatively rare neoplasm with a curability rate around... (Review)
Review
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant neoplasm of the lymphocyte precursor cells. Among adults it is a relatively rare neoplasm with a curability rate around 30% at 5 years. Currently, the diagnosis and classification of ALL is a multistep procedure that relies on the simultaneous application of multiple techniques that include: cytomorphology, immunophenotype and cytogenetic assays. Some of them have important clinical implications for both diagnosis and predicting response to specific treatment regimens, while the role of others is still to be defined. Over the years, several prognostic factors have been identified and today a risk stratification at diagnosis and during the follow-up is based on the characteristics of the leukemic cells.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prognosis
PubMed: 26076558
DOI: 10.1515/rjim-2015-0004 -
Adolescent Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Oct 1999Leukemia remains the most common cancer in childhood, and while great strides have been made in increasing event-free survival in the past 20 years, patients with... (Review)
Review
Leukemia remains the most common cancer in childhood, and while great strides have been made in increasing event-free survival in the past 20 years, patients with high-risk features still pose a challenge for successful disease-free survival. Older children and adolescents are included in that high-risk group. Approximately 80-85% of cases of leukemia in the pediatric population are of the lymphocytic subtype. Overall disease-free survival rates for acute lymphocytic leukemia have increased to 80% for those with standard or low-risk disease and 65-70% for those with high-risk disease. This is a product of both a better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of ALL and the development of better treatment strategies based on risk. In acute myelogenous leukemia, we have not achieved such success, and disease-free survival rates are in the 30-40% range. This article discusses the diagnosis of leukemia in the adolescent population with attention to pathogenesis, prognostic risk factors, therapy, outcome, and late effects of acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 10611938
DOI: No ID Found -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Feb 2001This article reviews future research of potential benefit to adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This new research includes dose intensive anthracyclines,... (Review)
Review
This article reviews future research of potential benefit to adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This new research includes dose intensive anthracyclines, novel agents, STI571 for Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL, and risk-oriented strategies.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Design; Forecasting; Humans; Immunotherapy; Infection Control; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Remission Induction; Rituximab; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 11253607
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8588(05)70205-7 -
European Review For Medical and... 2014Although treatment results for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved considerably in the past decades, treating adult patients with relapsed/refractory... (Review)
Review
Although treatment results for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved considerably in the past decades, treating adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is still difficult. Adults with refractory/relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) processed to death rapidly associated with chemotherapy resistance, high mortality by reinduction, etc. Only 20% to 30% of those patients acquired complete remission (CR). Those patients are always of short duration unless an allogeneic stem cell transplant is feasible. Median survival is only ranging from 2 to 12 months. Therapeutic strategy on relapsed/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is always a major therapeutic challenge bothering hematological researchers. Novel agents and unique therapeutic strategies have been developed in recent years. This review focuses on major clinical advances in the agents for refractory/relapsed ALL.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Salvage Therapy; Young Adult
PubMed: 25268091
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.... Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Optic Nerve; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 36162440
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.08.016 -
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal... Feb 2021
Topics: Acute Disease; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 33548961
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200529-00556 -
Texas Medicine Jan 1994The prognosis of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia has improved over the last two decades. With modern intensive chemotherapy regimens similar to those of pediatric... (Review)
Review
The prognosis of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia has improved over the last two decades. With modern intensive chemotherapy regimens similar to those of pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia, the complete response rate is 75% to 85%, with a long-term, disease-free survival rate of 20% to 35%. We review the clinical, laboratory, and prognostic features of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia and discuss the results of therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Time Factors
PubMed: 8140553
DOI: No ID Found -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Apr 2002Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies. Flow cytometry is an integral part of ALL diagnosis and also provides significant... (Review)
Review
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies. Flow cytometry is an integral part of ALL diagnosis and also provides significant patient prognostic information. This article is a practical review of the basic principles of the flow cytometric evaluation of acute leukemias, the interpretation of flow cytometric data, and the management of practical problems such as aberrant antigen, hematogones, bone marrow regeneration, and minimal residual disease.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antineoplastic Agents; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Examination; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cell Lineage; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Dyes; Forecasting; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Neoplasm, Residual; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prognosis; T-Lymphocytes; Transplantation Conditioning
PubMed: 12094473
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8588(02)00004-7