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AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Aug 2011
Review
Topics: Acute Disease; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Pancreatitis; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 21785045
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.10.4338 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2011
Review
Topics: Health Status Indicators; Humans; Pancreatitis; Prognosis
PubMed: 21422134
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.101433 -
Hepato-gastroenterology Dec 1993The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis is characterized by a loss of intracellular and extracellular compartmentation, by an obstruction of pancreatic secretory... (Review)
Review
The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis is characterized by a loss of intracellular and extracellular compartmentation, by an obstruction of pancreatic secretory transport and by an activation of pancreatic enzymes. In biliary acute pancreatitis, outflow obstruction with pancreatic duct hypertension and a toxic effect of bile salts contribute to disruption of pancreatic ductules, with subsequent loss of extracellular compartmentation. Alcohol induces functional alterations of plasma membranes and alters the balance between proteolytic enzymes and protease inhibitors, thus triggering enzyme activation, autodigestion and cell destruction. Once the disease has been initiated, the appearance of interstitial edema and inflammatory infiltration are the basic features of acute pancreatitis. The accumulation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissue, and the release of leukocyte enzymes play an essential role in the further progression of the disease and in the development of systemic complications. Activation of different cascade systems by proteolytic activity, and consumption of alpha 2-macroglobulin further characterize the severe clinical course of acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Alcoholism; Animals; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 8119636
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medical Journal May 1996In the 1920s Moynihan described acute pancreatitis as "..the most terrible of all intra-abdominal calamities". He established a practice of immediate surgical... (Review)
Review
In the 1920s Moynihan described acute pancreatitis as "..the most terrible of all intra-abdominal calamities". He established a practice of immediate surgical intervention to remove the toxic products accumulating in the peritoneal cavity, and this treatment was endorsed by most centres, remaining the standard therapy for the next 20 years. In the 1940s, the mortality of patients treated surgically was shown to be far higher than those treated conservatively, and a more conservative line of management was recommended, comprising nasogastric stomach decompression, intravenous fluid therapy, opiate analgesia, and the administration of atropine. Despite half a century passing, a clinician would not be criticised for adopting such a regime today, which in part reflects the lack of understanding of this condition and the failure of seemingly appropriate therapy. Reduction in mortality is a consequence of advances in intensive care preventing the high early mortality of organ failure, but the area of specific therapy remains elusive. While this is so, the mortality rates for these patients will remain static, while the doctor continues to feel clinically impotent.
Topics: Acute Disease; Disease Progression; Humans; Pancreatitis; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 8761500
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.72.847.277 -
Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ... Jan 2001The care of patients with acute pancreatitis is complex. This review summarizes the etiopathogenesis, prognosis, nonoperative management of patients with acute... (Review)
Review
The care of patients with acute pancreatitis is complex. This review summarizes the etiopathogenesis, prognosis, nonoperative management of patients with acute pancreatitis, the importance of nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and the role of monitoring and rationale of endoscopic and surgical intervention.
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Recurrence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 11320550
DOI: No ID Found -
Minerva Gastroenterologica E Dietologica Dec 2012Acute pancreatitis is a disease still not fully understood. Early pathophysiologic event escape clinical observation because patients typically present only some time... (Review)
Review
Acute pancreatitis is a disease still not fully understood. Early pathophysiologic event escape clinical observation because patients typically present only some time after the acute onset of the disease. Also, many ethiologic factors can lead to acute pancreatitis and the clinical course can range from mild, self-limiting to severe and life- threatening. Therefore, experimental models are necessary for any research into early acute pancreatitis. In accordance with the varying clinical picture of acute pancreatitis, many different model exist. In this article, we describe the most commonly used models and show their advantages and disadvantages.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Biomedical Research; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Dogs; Haplorhini; Mice; Pancreatitis; Rats; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 23207612
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Emergency Care Jun 1992Acute pancreatitis in childhood is not a rare condition, and it should be considered in all children presenting with acute abdominal complaints. A complete history... (Review)
Review
Acute pancreatitis in childhood is not a rare condition, and it should be considered in all children presenting with acute abdominal complaints. A complete history should be obtained, with emphasis on recent trauma or infection, current medications, and the presence of any chronic diseases. After a thorough physical examination, simple ancillary studies including noninvasive imaging techniques will confirm the clinical suspicion. Appropriate aggressive treatment, instituted early, will help to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. Most children with acute pancreatitis will recover with conservative management and suffer no significant long-term sequelae.
Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Humans; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 1614909
DOI: 10.1097/00006565-199206000-00012 -
Rozhledy V Chirurgii : Mesicnik... Dec 2012
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Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Mar 2012There is a rising incidence of acute pancreatitis in the United States. Numerous clinical prognostic scoring systems have been developed, including the BISAP score.... (Review)
Review
There is a rising incidence of acute pancreatitis in the United States. Numerous clinical prognostic scoring systems have been developed, including the BISAP score. Vigorous fluid resuscitation remains a cornerstone of early management of acute pancreatitis. Cross-sectional imaging in the early phase of evaluation has not been associated with improvement of outcomes. There is no role for prophylactic antibiotics in early management. However, there is growing emphasis on the identification and treatment of extrapancreatic infections. Enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis has reduced mortality, systemic infection, and multiorgan dysfunction compared to parenteral nutrition. Conservative management consisting of percutaneous drainage and delayed surgical intervention is now favored for local complications, such as infected necrosis. These developments have contributed to improved outcomes for patients with acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 22341246
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2011.12.013 -
Expert Review of Proteomics 2024Around 20% of individuals diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (AP) may develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), possibly resulting in a mortality rate ranging from 15% to... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Around 20% of individuals diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (AP) may develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), possibly resulting in a mortality rate ranging from 15% to 35%. There is an urgent need to thoroughly understand the molecular phenotypes of SAP resulting from diverse etiologies. The field of translational research on AP has seen the use of several innovative proteomic methodologies via the ongoing improvement of isolation, tagging, and quantification methods.
AREAS COVERED
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) identified in AP by searching the PubMed/MEDLINE database (2003-2023) and adds significantly to the current theoretical framework.
EXPERT OPINION
DAPs for potentially diagnosing AP based on proteomic identification need to be confirmed by multi-center studies that include larger samples. The discovery of DAPs in various organs at different AP stages via proteomic technologies is essential better to understand the pathophysiology of AP-related multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Regarding the translational research of AP, novel approaches like single-cell proteomics and imaging using mass spectrometry may be used as soon as they become available.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Proteomics; Acute Disease; Multiple Organ Failure
PubMed: 38372668
DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2320810