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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2015There is an ongoing debate about the existence and effects of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adenotonsillar tissue.
INTRODUCTION
There is an ongoing debate about the existence and effects of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adenotonsillar tissue.
OBJECTIVE
A clinical study was conducted to assess the existence of Hp in the adenoid and/or adenotonsillar tissues, which were surgically excised due to chronic adenotonsillitis.
METHODS
Phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for the detection of Hp and cytotoxin-associated gene as virulence gene were examined in 84 adenotonsillar tissues obtained from 64 patients and patients' serum by using polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
Hp IgG was detected in 57 (89%) patients' serum. A total of seven tissue samples from 64 patients (10.9%) were found positive for Hp DNA, of which five were adenoids and two were tonsil tissues. All polymerase chain reaction positive samples were also positive for the cytotoxin-associated gene, which is a virulence determinant for the organism.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that children are exposed to Hp at an early age of their life in this province. Hp may have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic adenotonsillitis, especially in endemic areas.
Topics: Adenoids; Adolescent; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Carrier State; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Prevalence; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 25900719
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.08.018 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2021The aim of the study was to observe, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the ratio of bacterial biofilm coverage of adenoidal tissue in children diagnosed with...
The aim of the study was to observe, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the ratio of bacterial biofilm coverage of adenoidal tissue in children diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (CR), compared to the ratio of adenoid bacterial biofilm coverage in children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We also performed histopathological and immunohistochemical tests to correlate the results with the images obtained from SEM. We estimated, using an image analysis program, the coverage ratio with bacterial biofilm on the surface of the lymphatic tissue. Adenoid vegetation extracted from children with CR had a higher percentage of bacterial biofilm coverage compared to the group diagnosed with OSA. In the nasopharynx of children with CR, the bacterial biofilm had a constant role of infection generator, and adenoidectomy was the only effective therapeutic procedure to relieve the symptoms. Allergy tests were performed in all children to establish a link between CR, OSA and allergic rhinitis.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Biofilms; Child; Humans; Sinusitis; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 35024736
DOI: 10.47162/RJME.62.2.14 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Nov 2020To determine the reliability of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy in children.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the reliability of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy in children.
METHODS
The subjects were divided into three groups: Group A: Pre-experiment group: 30 children who were hospitalized for adenoidal hypertrophy were selected, and preoperative ultrasound was used to measure adenoid thickness. Their re-confirmed Adenoid ultrasound measurement thickness was obtained during surgery under the guidance of metal instruments; Group B: Ultrasound screening group: 1898 children aged 3-12 y were selected, and their adenoids were examined by ultrasonography to observe the size, shape, echo and blood flow of adenoids and the thickness of adenoids; Group C: Surgical resection group: 133 hospitalized patients were selected, and their adenoid ultrasound measurement thickness (AUT), the adenoid-nasopharynx (A/N) ratio was calculated based on nasopharyngeal lateral radiographs and obstruction ratio was obtained in electronic nasopharyngoscopy [extent of adenoid-posterior nostril occlusion (EANC)] were compared.
RESULTS
In Group A, there was no statistical difference in the measurements of the adenoids between the preoperative ultrasound and the ultrasound measurements under the guidance of intraoperative metal instruments (P > 0.05). In Group B, the adenoids of 1898 children aged 3-12 y were measured and were found thickest at 6 y, with an average of 5.035 ± 0.0609 mm. There was no statistical difference in adenoid thickness between boys and girls (P > 0.05). In Group C, there was a linear correlation between AUT and A/N ratio (r = 0.999, P = 0.01) and between AUT and EANC (r = 0.950, P = 0.000).
CONCLUSIONS
In children between 3 and 12 y of age, AUT greater than 6 mm may be considered for surgical resection of adenoid hypertrophy.
Topics: Adenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Nasopharynx; Reproducibility of Results; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32193786
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03203-4 -
European Journal of Radiology Aug 2011There are several methods of evaluating adenoidal size pre-operatively. Plain nasopharyngeal radiography is a common investigative modality: it has been advocated, and...
BACKGROUND
There are several methods of evaluating adenoidal size pre-operatively. Plain nasopharyngeal radiography is a common investigative modality: it has been advocated, and also condemned.
AIM
This study was intended to assess nasopharyngeal airway obstruction by the adenoids using plain X-rays; and also to find correlation if any, with the symptomatology.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study carried out between January and December 2008. The case notes and plain X-rays of the nasopharynx of 34 paediatric patients with clinical features of obstructive adenoids were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 34 children were studied, 22 (64.7%) were males and 12 (35.3%) were females. Their ages ranged between 7 months and 10 years: mean age was 3.55 years, standard deviation 2.723. Majority (67.6%) of the children were in the age group 0-4 years. The lowest symptomatology assessment score was 0 and the highest was 3. Children 4 years and below had the highest symptomatology scores. The minimum adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio was 0.35 and the maximum was 0.94. There was no significant difference in the mean adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio of males and females (t=0.407; p=0.692). Many (75.0%) of the children with moderate to severe nasopharyngeal airway obstruction by the adenoids were in the age bracket 0-4 years. The lowest adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio score was 0 and the highest was 3. Children 4 years and below had the highest adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio scores. There was a very weak nonsignificant correlation between the symptomatology assessment score and the radiological assessment score (r=0.168; p=0.375).
CONCLUSION
The adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio is reliable in assessing the nasopharyngeal airway in children with obstructive adenoids.
Topics: Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Radiography; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 20950975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.09.027 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Oct 2006To assess the long-term (3-5 years) success of adenoidectomy and reasons for unsatisfactory results.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the long-term (3-5 years) success of adenoidectomy and reasons for unsatisfactory results.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
The parents of all children who underwent adenoidectomy alone at a major tertiary center from 1998 to 2000 were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their child's well-being and symptomatology 3-5 years after surgery; some were invited for follow-up. Symptom improvement, persistent symptoms, and adenoid regrowth were evaluated.
RESULTS
Among the 206 parents who complied, 74%-87% reported improvement in all main symptoms: nasal obstruction, snoring, chronic rhinorrhea, hyponasal speech, and obstructive sleep disorder. At follow-up (n = 36), the symptomatic patients had significantly more anatomic nasal abnormalities (P = 0.01) and a higher rate of significant adenoid enlargement (P = 0.08), 3 patients (19%) vs none (0%).
CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE
Adenoidectomy alone is satisfactory treatment for nasal obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea in selected children. Though some adenoid regrowth is not rare, clinically significant adenoid regrowth is infrequent. Persistent or recurrent symptoms are attributable mainly to nasal pathology.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Recurrence; Time Factors
PubMed: 17011420
DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.05.027 -
The Laryngoscope Sep 1996
Topics: Adenoids; Adult; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypertrophy; Prospective Studies; Sinusitis
PubMed: 8822729
DOI: 10.1097/00005537-199609000-00027 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America May 1958
Topics: Adenoids; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases
PubMed: 13542062
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)30653-8 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Sep 1992Forty-four adenoids and 52 palatine tonsils from 71 children and adolescents (age 3-21 years) undergoing surgery because of adenoidal hypertrophy or recurrent...
Forty-four adenoids and 52 palatine tonsils from 71 children and adolescents (age 3-21 years) undergoing surgery because of adenoidal hypertrophy or recurrent tonsillitis were examined for the presence of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) employing an enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). ISC constituted less than 2% of the mononuclear cell population. Adenoids contained IgG, IgA, and IgM ISC in significantly lower numbers than palatine tonsils. The predominant isotype of the ISC was IgG, in adenoids accounting for 62% of the ISC and in palatine tonsils for 73%. The relative numbers for IgA and IgM ISC were similar. A significant correlation existed between autologous adenoids and palatine tonsils for the numbers of IgA and IgM ISC, but not for the numbers of IgG cells. These observations suggest that, adenoid and palatine tonsils display similar immunoglobulin distribution patterns within a single individual. However, individuals with hypertrophied adenoids exhibited a numeric decrease in IgG ISC with increasing age (P less than 0.01). Both lymphoid tissues may be involved in mucosal immune defense.
Topics: Adenoids; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Palatine Tonsil
PubMed: 1428591
DOI: 10.1016/0165-5876(92)90138-f -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Nov 2020
Topics: Adenoids; Allergens; Child; Humans; Hypertrophy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32910335
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03487-6 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Feb 2018
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Antigens, CD19; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Interleukin-10; Male
PubMed: 29486786
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0471-3