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Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... 2020Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common medical problem, but the diagnosis of PID can be challenging because the...
Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common medical problem, but the diagnosis of PID can be challenging because the clinical manifestations may mimic those of other pelvic and abdominal processes. As PID might cause late complications such as infertility or chronic pelvic pain, it is of prime importance that the diagnosis of PID is made promptly to assure the early onset of an adequate antibiotic therapy. Where uncomplicated PID usually has a favorable course, complicated forms with tubo-ovarian abscess generally require surgical exploration.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pelvic Pain
PubMed: 32772692
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001171 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Dec 2008Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is common infection among reproductive-aged women. The presentation ranges from acute severe illness to a more indolent and mild... (Review)
Review
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is common infection among reproductive-aged women. The presentation ranges from acute severe illness to a more indolent and mild clinical picture. Attention has turned to subclinical PID as an important entity. The majority of the public health impact from PID comes from its attributable long-term sequelae, including tubal-factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) represents a severe form of PID. Vigilance is required when caring for women who have PID to detect the presence of a TOA given the serious nature of the infection and the potential need for procedural intervention.
Topics: Abscess; Adnexal Diseases; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Young Adult
PubMed: 18954759
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2008.05.008 -
Ceskoslovenska Gynekologie Feb 1972
Topics: Adnexal Diseases; Blood Sedimentation; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PubMed: 5010345
DOI: No ID Found -
Annales Universitatis Saraviensis.... 1958
Topics: Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PubMed: 13637532
DOI: No ID Found -
The Australian & New Zealand Journal of... May 1984There is convincing clinical evidence that PID is more common in IUD users than in users of other contraceptive methods. There appears to be a smaller but significant... (Review)
Review
There is convincing clinical evidence that PID is more common in IUD users than in users of other contraceptive methods. There appears to be a smaller but significant increase when IUDs are compared with sexually active noncontraceptive users. However, the incidence of PID severe enough to warrant hospitalization is only of the order of 1 to 2 per 1,000 women per year. The question which remains is whether beyond this low figure of moderate and severe disease there is a much higher incidence of subclinical PID which may result in complications for IUD users. Development of a marker such as C-Reactive protein or the split complement component C3d to detect mild PID would prove invaluable in the elucidation of several crucial problems in the clinical management of women using IUDs.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Blood Proteins; C-Reactive Protein; Complement C3; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Risk
PubMed: 6388551
DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1984.tb01468.x -
American Family Physician Mar 2006Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract in women that can include endometritis, parametritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian... (Review)
Review
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract in women that can include endometritis, parametritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and peritonitis. The spectrum of disease ranges from subclinical, asymptomatic infection to severe, life-threatening illness; sequelae include chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. PID is diagnosed clinically, with laboratory and imaging studies reserved for patients who have an uncertain diagnosis, are severely ill, or do not respond to initial therapy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic criteria include uterine, adnexal, or cervical motion tenderness with no other obvious cause in women at risk of PID. Empiric treatment should be initiated promptly and must cover Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae; the possibility of fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae also should be considered. Hospitalization for initial parenteral therapy is necessary for patients with tubo-ovarian abscess and for those who are pregnant, severely ill, unable to follow a prescribed treatment plan, or unable to tolerate oral antibiotics. Patients also should be hospitalized if a surgical emergency cannot be excluded or if no clinical improvement occurs after three days. Routine screening for asymptomatic chlamydial infection can help prevent PID and its sequelae.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; United States
PubMed: 16529095
DOI: No ID Found -
Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging Jun 2012The diagnosis of pelvic infection is most often made clinically, based on a combination of pelvic pain and fever, and possibly a foul discharge. The patient is referred... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of pelvic infection is most often made clinically, based on a combination of pelvic pain and fever, and possibly a foul discharge. The patient is referred to radiology in two very different circumstances: either in the acute phase where the challenge is to differentiate a pelvic infection from appendicitis, urinary tract infection, and complications of a hemorrhagic luteal cyst; or some time after the infectious episode, which may have gone unnoticed, and the patient presents with an undetermined pelvic mass that needs to be characterized, where the challenge in that situation is not to confuse it with ovarian cancer. The signs and symptoms on the pelvic ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI suggest the correct diagnosis.
Topics: Adnexal Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Infections; Laparoscopy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 22647749
DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2012.04.002 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2016Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common medical problem, with almost 1 million cases diagnosed annually. Historically, PID has been a clinical diagnosis... (Review)
Review
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common medical problem, with almost 1 million cases diagnosed annually. Historically, PID has been a clinical diagnosis supplemented with the findings from ultrasonography (US) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, the diagnosis of PID can be challenging because the clinical manifestations may mimic those of other pelvic and abdominal processes. Given the nonspecific clinical manifestations, computed tomography (CT) is commonly the first imaging examination performed. General CT findings of early- and late-stage PID include thickening of the uterosacral ligaments, pelvic fat stranding with obscuration of fascial planes, reactive lymphadenopathy, and pelvic free fluid. Recognition of these findings, as well as those seen with cervicitis, endometritis, acute salpingitis, oophoritis, pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pyometra, is crucial in allowing prompt and accurate diagnosis. Late complications of PID include tubal damage resulting in infertility and ectopic pregnancy, peritonitis caused by uterine and/or tubo-ovarian abscess rupture, development of peritoneal adhesions resulting in bowel obstruction and/or hydroureteronephrosis, right upper abdominal inflammation (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome), and septic thrombophlebitis. Recognition of these late manifestations at CT can also aid in proper patient management. At CT, careful assessment of common PID mimics, such as endometriosis, adnexal torsion, ruptured hemorrhagic ovarian cyst, adnexal neoplasms, appendicitis, and diverticulitis, is important to avoid misinterpretation, delay in management, and unnecessary surgery. Correlation with the findings from complementary imaging examinations, such as US and MR imaging, is useful for establishing a definitive diagnosis. (©)RSNA, 2016.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 27618331
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150202 -
Australian Family Physician Nov 2006Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a treatable condition with serious long term sequelae. The recognition and diagnosis of PID can be challenging due to the wide... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a treatable condition with serious long term sequelae. The recognition and diagnosis of PID can be challenging due to the wide spectrum of disease and clinical presentation.
OBJECTIVE
This article discusses the presentation, aetiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of PID.
DISCUSSION
A high index of suspicion and a low threshold for treatment for women at risk of PID may help decrease the burden of serious associated morbidity. Screening for chlamydia in young sexually active women may reduce the incidence of PID.
Topics: Algorithms; Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Risk Factors
PubMed: 17099803
DOI: No ID Found -
Papua and New Guinea Medical Journal Mar 1987
Topics: Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PubMed: 3475863
DOI: No ID Found