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Onkologie 2010Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic and cytokine-producing lymphocytes involved in the immune defense against viral infections and tumors. NK cells activated with... (Review)
Review
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic and cytokine-producing lymphocytes involved in the immune defense against viral infections and tumors. NK cells activated with cytokines, such as interleukin-2, have been used since the 1980s as adoptive immunotherapy against cancer. NK cell alloreactivity has been demonstrated to enhance control of acute myeloid leukemia relapse and greatly reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease in HLA haplotype-mismatched hematopoietic transplantation, and has been explored as a tool for adoptive immunotherapy for cancer patients. Future manipulation to improve NK cell adoptive immunotherapy by means of increasing target recognition and reducing inhibitory signaling is being explored.
Topics: Forecasting; Graft vs Host Reaction; Graft vs Leukemia Effect; HLA Antigens; Haplotypes; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukemia; Neoplasms; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
PubMed: 20631487
DOI: 10.1159/000315698 -
Oncology Research and Treatment 2017Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents a treatment option for a diversity of advanced hematopoietic malignancies providing hope for...
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents a treatment option for a diversity of advanced hematopoietic malignancies providing hope for long-term responses especially due to immunogenic effects associated with the treatment modality. Despite respectable progress in the field, relapses and/or opportunistic infections are major reasons for the high treatment-related mortality. However, a number of novel immunotherapeutic approaches using defined cell populations have been developed to directly target residual malignant cells as well as defined infectious diseases. We here provide an overview of current adoptive cellular immunotherapies in the context of allo-HSCT and close with an outlook on new directions within the field.
Topics: Allografts; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Neoplasm, Residual; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 29069663
DOI: 10.1159/000484051 -
European Journal of Haematology Dec 2022Hematological malignancies represent defying clinical conditions, with high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly considering patients who manifest multiple... (Review)
Review
Hematological malignancies represent defying clinical conditions, with high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly considering patients who manifest multiple refractory diseases. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment option for relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies, which have motivated the Food and Drug Administration approval of a series of products based on this technique. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of CAR-T cell therapy for patients with hematological malignancies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases (CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, and MEDLINE), clinical trials register platforms (Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO-ICTRP), and grey literature (OpenGrey). The Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Interventions was used for developing the review and the PRISMA Statement for manuscript reporting. The protocol was prospectively published in PROSPERO database (CRD42020181047). After the selection process, seven RCTs were included, three of which with available outcome results. The available results are from studies assessing axicabtagene, lisocabtagene, and tisagenlecleucel for patients with B cell lymphoma, and the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low for survival and progression-related outcome and for safety outcomes. Additionally, four randomized controlled trials comparing CAR-T cell therapy to the standard treatment for various types of relapsed/refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma included in this systematic review still did not have available outcome data. The results of this review may be used to guide clinical practice but evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of CAR-T Cell therapy for hematological malignancies is still immature to recommend its application outside of clinical trials or compassionate use context for advanced and terminal cases. It is expected the results of the referred comparative studies will provide further elements to subsidize the broader application of this immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Hematologic Neoplasms; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
PubMed: 36018500
DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13851 -
Current Oncology Reports Aug 2018This review will discuss the challenges facing adoptive cell techniques in the treatment of solid tumors and examine the therapies that are in development for... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review will discuss the challenges facing adoptive cell techniques in the treatment of solid tumors and examine the therapies that are in development for specifically pediatric solid tumors.
RECENT FINDINGS
Targeting solid tumors with adoptive cell therapy has been limited by the inhibitory tumor microenvironment and heterogeneous expression of targetable antigens. Many creative strategies to overcome these limitations are being developed but still need to be tested clinically. Early phase clinical trials in neuroblastoma with GD2 CAR T cells are promising but results need to be validated on a larger scale. Most research in other pediatric solid tumors is still in early stages. Adoptive cell therapy represents a useful tool to improve the outcomes of many pediatric solid tumors but significant study is still required. Several clinical trials are ongoing to test therapies that have shown promise in the lab.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Child; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Neoplasms
PubMed: 30069644
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0715-9 -
Bulletin of Mathematical Biology May 2018Modified T cells that have been engineered to recognize the CD19 surface marker have recently been shown to be very successful at treating acute lymphocytic leukemias....
Modified T cells that have been engineered to recognize the CD19 surface marker have recently been shown to be very successful at treating acute lymphocytic leukemias. Here, we explore four previous approaches that have used ordinary differential equations to model this type of therapy, compare their properties, and modify the models to address their deficiencies. Although the four models treat the workings of the immune system in slightly different ways, they all predict that adoptive immunotherapy can be successful to move a patient from the large tumor fixed point to an equilibrium with little or no tumor.
Topics: Antigens, CD19; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Mathematical Concepts; Models, Immunological; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 28382423
DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0263-8 -
Virulence Nov 2016The outcome after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has significantly improved during the last decades. However, opportunistic infections... (Review)
Review
The outcome after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has significantly improved during the last decades. However, opportunistic infections such as viral and mold infections are still a major obstacle for cure. Within this field, adoptive T cell therapy against pathogens is a promising treatment approach. Recently, the techniques to develop T cell products including pathogen-specific T cells have been sophisticated and are now available in accordance to good manufacturing practice (GMP). Here, we aim to summarize current knowledge about adoptive T cell therapy against viral and mold infections.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Opportunistic Infections; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 27385102
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1207038 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Apr 2014Immunotherapy has evolved considerably in the last decade and is becoming an integral component of the armamentarium for the treatment of patients with advanced solid... (Review)
Review
Immunotherapy has evolved considerably in the last decade and is becoming an integral component of the armamentarium for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. It is important for clinicians, especially surgeons, to understand the basic principles of novel immunotherapies and the immune system. This review summarizes the evolution of the most relevant immunotherapies, their mechanisms of action, the data supporting their clinical use, and integration of immunotherapy into multidisciplinary management of solid tumors. This review should serve as a primer for clinicians and surgeons to understand the rapidly evolving field of immunotherapy.
Topics: Cancer Vaccines; Combined Modality Therapy; General Surgery; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Neoplasms
PubMed: 24485876
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.018 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Oct 2000Adoptive immunotherapy was first introduced in the 1980s. This new anticancer therapeutic approach has already demonstrated promising results in both animal models and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Adoptive immunotherapy was first introduced in the 1980s. This new anticancer therapeutic approach has already demonstrated promising results in both animal models and humans affected by various tumors.
CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS
This review summarizes the requirements of such therapies involving either activated lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or activated macrophages. It focuses more particularly on the promising approaches that represent antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and antigen-loaded dendritic cells in the development of safe and effective cancer vaccines.
FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS
Standardized procedures for macrophages and dendritic cell generation, as well as preliminary results of clinical applications in patients with either prostate cancer or melanoma, are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Dendritic Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Forecasting; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Macrophages; Male; Melanoma; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 11075395
DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(00)00237-x -
Personalized Medicine May 2017Cancer immunotherapy has long offered the promise of producing cancer treatments that are more effective and less toxic than traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.... (Review)
Review
Cancer immunotherapy has long offered the promise of producing cancer treatments that are more effective and less toxic than traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. That potential has only begun to be realized in the last 5 years with the first US FDA-approved cancer vaccine (sipuleucel-T), checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy. While these therapies have been remarkably more effective than previous cancer immunotherapeutics, they are often limited by their inherently personalized nature. Indeed, each patient's immune system and cancer are unique, limiting the scalability and generalizability of new approaches. However, emerging solutions may overcome these limitations, producing 'off-the-shelf' cancer immunotherapies that transform patient outcomes.
Topics: Antibodies, Bispecific; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cancer Vaccines; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 29767586
DOI: 10.2217/pme-2016-0108 -
Seminars in Hematology Jan 2023Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used as a curative standard of care for moderate to severe primary immunodeficiency disorders as well as relapsed... (Review)
Review
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used as a curative standard of care for moderate to severe primary immunodeficiency disorders as well as relapsed hematologic malignancies for over 50 years [1,2]. However, chronic and refractory viral infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the immune deficient period following HSCT, where use of available antiviral pharmacotherapies is limited by toxicity and emerging resistance [3]. Adoptive immunotherapy using virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has been explored for over 2 decades [4,5] in patients post-HSCT and has been shown prior phase I-II studies to be safe and effective for treatment or preventions of viral infections including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, BK virus, and adenovirus with minimal toxicity and low risk of graft vs host disease [6-9]. This review summarizes methodologies to generate VSTs the clinical results utilizing VST therapeutics and the challenges and future directions for the field.
Topics: Humans; T-Lymphocytes; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Virus Diseases; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 37080705
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2022.12.002