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Neuroscience 1989Angiotensin II binding sites have been localized in sections of bovine adrenal glands and on living cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells using...
Angiotensin II binding sites have been localized in sections of bovine adrenal glands and on living cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells using [125I]-[Sar1,Ile8]-angiotensin II and autoradiographic techniques. Binding sites were observed over both adrenaline and noradrenaline chromaffin cells. However, they were present in higher density over adrenaline cells, as determined by the distribution of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA by in situ hybridization histochemistry and of glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence of noradrenaline. Binding sites were also observed in low density over nerve tracts within the bovine adrenal gland. Living cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells possessed angiotensin II binding sites. Not all cells were labelled. At least 73% of identified dispersed chromaffin cells in these cultures were labelled. Some chromaffin cells were not labelled with the ligand, and at least some non-chromaffin cells in the cultures did possess angiotensin II binding sites. The results provide direct anatomical support for the known ability of angiotensin II to elicit catecholamine secretion from perfused adrenal glands and from cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. They also suggest that some of the effects of angiotensin II on calcium fluxes and second messenger levels measured in cultured adrenal medullary cell preparations may be due to angiotensin II acting on non-chromaffin cells present in these cultures.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Immunohistochemistry; Receptors, Angiotensin
PubMed: 2710342
DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90022-5 -
General and Comparative Endocrinology Feb 1971
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Central Nervous System; Chick Embryo
PubMed: 5542989
DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(71)90215-2 -
Cell Transplantation 1995Adrenal medullary grafts generally exhibit poor viability when grafted into the striatum. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that chromaffin cells can survive...
Adrenal medullary grafts generally exhibit poor viability when grafted into the striatum. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that chromaffin cells can survive well for up to 2 mo following grafting into the intact rat striatum after cells are isolated from the nonchromaffin supporting cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) of the adrenal medulla. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term viability of isolated bovine chromaffin cells following grafting into the intact rat striatum. The viability of grafted bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells was compared in rats receiving either (a) perfused adrenal medulla; (b) isolated chromaffin cells; or (c) isolated chromaffin cells that were subsequently recombined with their nonchromaffin supporting cells. One year postimplantation, all graft types which included fibroblasts and endothelial cells were infiltrated with macrophages and demonstrated an abundance of cellular debris. No viable chromaffin cells were observed. In contrast, healthy tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta hydroxylase (D beta H) immunoreactive chromaffin cells survived for 1 yr posttransplantation when grafted in isolation from the nonchromaffin constituents of the adrenal medulla. Good xenograft survival was achieved in this group despite the fact that these rats were only immunosuppressed for 1 mo postimplantation. Grafted cells demonstrated morphological characteristics of chromaffin cells in situ and these implants were not accompanied by macrophage infiltration. These data demonstrate that long-term survival of chromaffin cells can be achieved following intrastriatal implantation and the viability of grafted chromaffin cells is dependent upon the removal of the nonchromaffin supporting cells.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cattle; Cell Survival; Cell Transplantation; Chromaffin System; Corpus Striatum; Graft Survival; Rats; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 7728334
DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400109 -
The American Journal of Anatomy Jan 1958
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Esterases; Rats
PubMed: 13545184
DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001020105 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Feb 1968
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Catecholamines; Catheterization; Cats; Membranes; Microscopy, Electron; Perfusion; Photomicrography; Stimulation, Chemical
PubMed: 5647051
DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(68)90329-8 -
The Journal of Pharmacology and... Nov 1960
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Urea
PubMed: 13703587
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Jul 1979The pattern of urinary catecholamine excretion in fasting differs in pregnant and nonpregnant rats, which suggests that the sympathoadrenal response to fasting is...
The pattern of urinary catecholamine excretion in fasting differs in pregnant and nonpregnant rats, which suggests that the sympathoadrenal response to fasting is altered by pregnancy. In fasting nonpregnant animals, urinary norepinephrine (NE) excretion decreases and epinephrine (E) excretion remains unchanged, whereas the excretion of both catecholamines rises significantly with refeeding. In contrast, fasting third-trimester pregnant rats exhibit a 420% increase in urinary E and a 345% increase in urinary NE, elevations which fall with refeeding. Specific evaluation of sympathoadrenal activity in fasting pregnant rats reveals stimulation of the adrenal medulla and suppression of sympathetic nerves. In fasting third-trimester rats the adrenal content of E is 37% lower in innervated adrenals as compared with contralateral denervated glands, which indicates the presence of neurally-mediated adrenal medullary activation. Adrenalectomy completely abolishes the fasting-induced rise in urinary E and NE in pregnant rats. Studies with 2-deoxy-D-glucose suggest that stimulation of the adrenal medulla results from hypoglycemia, which is present after 3 d of fasting in pregnant rats (plasma glucose 36.7 mg/dl). Sympathetic nervous system activity, as measured by [(3)H]NE turnover in the heart, decreases in fasting pregnant rats despite hypoglycemia, a response similar to that seen in fasting nonpregnant animals where plasma glucose is maintained above 50 mg/dl. The calculated NE turnover rate is 44% lower in 2-d fasted pregnant rats than in fed pregnant animals (17.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 31.3 +/- 1.8 ng NE/heart per h, respectively). Thus adrenal medullary and sympathetic nervous system responses in fasting pregnant rats appear to be dissociated, which suggests that diet-induced changes in sympathetic activity and stimulation of the adrenal medulla by hypoglycemia may be independently regulated.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Blood Glucose; Catecholamines; Denervation; Deoxyglucose; Fasting; Female; Gestational Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 447847
DOI: 10.1172/JCI109429 -
Advances in Second Messenger and... 1994
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Calcium; Models, Neurological; Quantum Theory; Secretory Rate
PubMed: 7848721
DOI: 10.1016/s1040-7952(06)80025-x -
Acta Neurovegetativa 1957
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Ganglia; Humans; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 13520308
DOI: 10.1007/BF01227231 -
Pediatric Research May 2003Prenatal exposure to nicotine significantly increases enkephalin mRNA levels in the rat adrenal medulla prenatally, and postnatally the normal up-regulation is...
Prenatal exposure to nicotine significantly increases enkephalin mRNA levels in the rat adrenal medulla prenatally, and postnatally the normal up-regulation is obliterated. This may lead to a disturbed modulation or regulation of catecholamine release in the adrenal and may be one factor contributing to the attenuated capacity of nicotine-treated pups to survive severe hypoxia. We speculate that this may be part of the mechanism underlying the relation between maternal smoking and sudden infant death syndrome.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Enkephalins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
PubMed: 12621115
DOI: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000057985.43569.95