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Science (New York, N.Y.) Aug 1976The transsynaptic induction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TH) in rat adrenal medulla is preceded by an early increase in the ratio of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)...
The transsynaptic induction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TH) in rat adrenal medulla is preceded by an early increase in the ratio of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to cyclic guanosine monophosphate, an activation of cytosol cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and a subsequent translocation of protein kinase catalytic subunits from cytosol to subcellular particles. As a result of this translocation, nuclear protein kinase activity increases during the induction of TH. Transection of splanchnic nerve reverts these events and prevents the induction of TH. Thus, adrenal medulla activation and translocation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase may act as a long-range messenger for the genetic regulation of TH synthesis.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Nucleus; Cold Temperature; Cytosol; Denervation; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Induction; Models, Biological; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Protein Kinases; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Synapses; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
PubMed: 7836
DOI: 10.1126/science.7836 -
International Journal of Developmental... 1989Epinephrine and norepinephrine-containing chromaffin cells proliferate in the adrenal glands of normal adult rats throughout life. Moreover, their rate of proliferation...
Epinephrine and norepinephrine-containing chromaffin cells proliferate in the adrenal glands of normal adult rats throughout life. Moreover, their rate of proliferation is markedly increased by short-term administration of reserpine, one of many agents which in long-term experiments are associated with the development of adrenal medullary tumors. Current data suggest that chromaffin cell proliferation in the adult rat adrenal is mediated by the interaction of neurogenic and hormonal signals. Reserpine is known to directly deplete catecholamine stores, and to reflexively increase the activity of the splanchnic nerve endings innervating the adrenal medulla to stimulate both secretion and synthesis of catecholamines and other secretory granule constituents. Its effect on chromaffin cell proliferation suggests that the same signals may regulate chromaffin cell number to meet physiological needs. The reserpine model might shed light on signal transduction mechanisms which normally promote or prevent proliferation of chromaffin cells and of other neuroendocrine cells during development or in adult life, and on ways in which such mechanisms are altered in the course of the development and progression of tumors. It also suggests the possibility that chromaffin cells might be propagated in vitro for use in basic biological studies or in transplants for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Catecholamines; Cell Division; Rats; Reserpine
PubMed: 2816483
DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(89)90004-x -
The Anatomical Record Feb 1971
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Adrenalectomy; Anatomy, Comparative; Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chromaffin System; Inclusion Bodies
PubMed: 4322694
DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091690204 -
Acta Morphologica Academiae Scientiarum... 1976The disposition of adrenaline and noradrenaline storing cells in the adrenal medulla has been studied in the rat. It has been demonstrated that no morphological or...
The disposition of adrenaline and noradrenaline storing cells in the adrenal medulla has been studied in the rat. It has been demonstrated that no morphological or functional reason exists for the follicular designation of clumps of chromaffin cells in the medulla. No significant difference was found between the outer and inner zone as regards the frequency of NA cells by morphometric and statistical methods. The cytoarchitectural differences between adrenaline- and noradrenaline-storing cell arrangement are described. Special features of the interrelation between noradrenaline storing cells, cortical cells and the connective tissue framework are stressed. The light and electron microscopic appearance of two types of cortical cells, assumed to represent different states of functional activity is described.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Chromaffin System; Epinephrine; Female; Histocytochemistry; Norepinephrine; Rats
PubMed: 1031568
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1984In order to investigate the mechanism of uptake of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) by the adrenal glands, autoradiographic and pharmacologic studies were performed in...
In order to investigate the mechanism of uptake of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) by the adrenal glands, autoradiographic and pharmacologic studies were performed in mice and dogs receiving radioiodinated mIBG. In mice, on macroautoradiography of whole body sections 48 h after 125I-mIBG, most of the radioactivity was focused in the adrenal glands. On microautoradiography, silver grains were exclusively located in the adrenal medulla. Tissue counting after phenoxybenzamine, cocaine, and desipramine treatment resulted in 45%, 35%, and 0% inhibition of mIBG uptake, respectively. Tissue counting and scintigraphic studies demonstrated a more than 50% mIBG release from the adrenal glands after reserpine. These data indicate the high affinity of mIBG for adrenal medulla and suggest that the mIBG and catecholamine uptake mechanisms are only partially the same.
Topics: 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Autoradiography; Cocaine; Desipramine; Dogs; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iodobenzenes; Mice; Phenoxybenzamine; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Reserpine; Sympatholytics; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 6745297
DOI: 10.1007/BF00803250 -
Folia Morphologica 1980
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Rats
PubMed: 7439858
DOI: No ID Found -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Feb 1980
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Catecholamines; Chlordecone; Diet; Insecticides; Male; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Rats; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 6153821
DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(80)90118-0 -
The Anatomical Record. Part A,... Mar 2004Exocytosis is considered the main route of granule discharge in chromaffin cells. We recently provided ultrastructural evidence suggesting that piecemeal degranulation...
Exocytosis is considered the main route of granule discharge in chromaffin cells. We recently provided ultrastructural evidence suggesting that piecemeal degranulation (PMD) occurs in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. In the present study, we processed rat adrenal glands for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and examined chromaffin cells for changes characteristic of PMD. Both adrenaline (A)- and noradrenaline (NA)-storing cells express ultrastructural features suggestive of a slow and particulate mode of granule discharge. In adrenaline-containing cells, some granules present enlarged dimensions accompanied by eroded or dissolved matrices. Likewise, a number of granules in NA-releasing cells show content reduction with variably expanded granule chambers. Dilated, empty granule containers are recognizable in the cytoplasm of both cell types. Characteristically, altered granules and empty containers are seen intermingled with normal, resting granules. In addition, chromaffin granules often show irregular profiles, with budding or tail-like projections of their limiting membranes. Thirty 150-nm-diameter membrane-bound vesicles with a moderately electron-dense or -lucent internal structure are observable in the cytoplasm of both cell types. These vesicles are seen among the granules and some of them are fused with the perigranule membranes in the process of attachment to or budding from the granules. These data add further support to the concept that PMD may be an alternative secretory pathway in adrenal chromaffin cells.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Chromaffin Cells; Male; Particle Size; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 14983514
DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20004 -
Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System Nov 1988Distribution of [3H]deoxyglucose- and [3H]dopamine-derived radioactivity in the mouse adrenal medulla and nerve endings in the capsule was examined by autoradiography....
Distribution of [3H]deoxyglucose- and [3H]dopamine-derived radioactivity in the mouse adrenal medulla and nerve endings in the capsule was examined by autoradiography. Nerve endings and medullary chromaffin cells exhibited an accumulation of [3H]dopamine but not [3H]deoxyglucose, indicating that their amine uptake system does not require high glucose consumption rate as is required to generate action potential. The study also indicated that uneven capacity in handling dopamine within a single type of chromaffin cell; peripheral cells incorporate more dopamine than those in the center, was not due to different rate of glucose utilization.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Autoradiography; Deoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose; Dopamine; Male; Mice; Nerve Endings
PubMed: 3225384
DOI: 10.1016/0165-1838(88)90010-0 -
Surgery Mar 1979
Topics: Adrenal Gland Diseases; Adrenal Medulla; Adrenalectomy; Humans; Hyperplasia
PubMed: 425008
DOI: No ID Found