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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021β-adrenergic antagonists (β-blockers) with at least one chiral center are an exceedingly important class of drugs used mostly to treat cardiovascular diseases. At... (Review)
Review
β-adrenergic antagonists (β-blockers) with at least one chiral center are an exceedingly important class of drugs used mostly to treat cardiovascular diseases. At least 70 β-blockers have been investigated in history. However, only a few β-blockers, e.g., timolol, are clinically marketed as an optically pure enantiomer. Therefore, the separation of racemates of β-blockers is essential both in the laboratory and industry. Many approaches have been explored to obtain the single enantiomeric β-blocker, including high performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and simulated moving bed chromatography. In this article, a review is presented on different chromatographic methods applied for the enantioseparation of β-blockers, covering high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB).
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 33477385
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020468 -
Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. the Journal... Jan 1994
Review
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Clinical Trials as Topic; Heart Failure; Humans; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 9132458
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Therapeutics 2008The development and subsequent clinical application of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs over the past 50 years represent one of the major advances in human... (Review)
Review
The development and subsequent clinical application of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs over the past 50 years represent one of the major advances in human pharmacotherapy. No other class of synthetic drugs has demonstrated such widespread therapeutic utility for the treatment of so many cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. In addition, these drugs have proven to be molecular probes that have contributed to our understanding of disease, and on the molecular level, both the structure and the function of the 7 transmembrane G protein receptors, which mediate the actions of many different hormones, neurotransmitters, and drugs. The evolution of beta-blocker drug development has led to refinements in their pharmacodynamic actions that include agents with relative beta1-selectivity, partial agonist activity, concomitant alpha-adrenergic blockers activity, and direct vasodilator activity. In addition, long-acting and ultra-short-acting formulations of beta-blockers have also demonstrated a remarkable record of clinical safety in patients of all ages. Indeed, the beta-adrenergic blockers have provided us with a great clinical legacy for now and in years to come.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans
PubMed: 19127141
DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e318188bdca -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jul 1984
Review
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Coronary Disease; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypertension; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
PubMed: 6145439
DOI: 10.1093/bja/56.7.751 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Mar 2018Many systemic medications have been used off-label in cutaneous diseases. Use of β-adrenergic-blocking agents has risen in popularity among dermatologists since the... (Review)
Review
Many systemic medications have been used off-label in cutaneous diseases. Use of β-adrenergic-blocking agents has risen in popularity among dermatologists since the discovery of their efficacy in treating infantile haemangioma. There has also been an increase in the interest of the applications of β-blockers in other skin disorders. Overall, β-blockers are effective in treating diseases of vascular origin and promote wound healing. They are relatively safe and inexpensive medications that could be included in the armamentarium against skin diseases.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Hemangioma; Humans; Skin Diseases, Vascular; Skin Neoplasms; Wound Healing
PubMed: 28850731
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14566 -
Australasian Annals of Medicine Aug 1970
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angina Pectoris; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Humans; Hypertension; Sympatholytics; Tetralogy of Fallot
PubMed: 4394287
DOI: 10.1111/imj.1970.19.3.266 -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 1970
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angina Pectoris; Anxiety; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Asthma; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperthyroidism; Sympatholytics
PubMed: 4194133
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jan 2002This review focuses on the mechanisms and sites of action underlying beta-adrenergic antagonism in perioperative medicine. A large body of knowledge has recently emerged... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on the mechanisms and sites of action underlying beta-adrenergic antagonism in perioperative medicine. A large body of knowledge has recently emerged from basic and clinical research concerning the mechanisms of the life-saving effects of beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-AAs) in high-risk cardiac patients. This article re-emphasizes the mechanisms underlying beta-adrenergic antagonism and also illuminates novel rationales behind the use of perioperative beta-AAs from a biological point of view. Particularly, it delineates new concepts of beta-adrenergic signal transduction emerging from transgenic animal models. The role of the different characteristics of various beta-AAs is discussed, and evidence will be presented for the selection of one specific agent over another on the basis of individual drug profiles in defined clinical situations. The salutary effects of beta-AAs on the cardiovascular system will be described at the cellular and molecular levels. Beta-AAs exhibit many effects beyond a reduction in heart rate, which are less known by perioperative physicians but equally desirable in the perioperative care of high-risk cardiac patients. These include effects on core components of an anaesthetic regimen, such as analgesia, hypnosis, and memory function. Despite overwhelming evidence of benefit, beta-AAs are currently under-utilized in the perioperative period because of concerns of potential adverse effects and toxicity. The effects of acute administration of beta-AAs on cardiac function in the compromised patient and strategies to counteract potential adverse effects will be discussed in detail. This may help to overcome barriers to the initiation of perioperative treatment with beta-AAs in a larger number of high-risk cardiac patients undergoing surgery.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Disease Models, Animal; Heart; Humans; Perioperative Care; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
PubMed: 11881864
DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.1.101 -
Basic Research in Cardiology Jul 2023
Topics: Swine; Animals; Metoprolol; Swine, Miniature; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Infarction
PubMed: 37439879
DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00998-z -
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents... 2015Beta-blockers are considered as suitable drugs to treat essential hypertension also in elderly patients and they are currently recommended for treatment of hypertension,... (Review)
Review
Beta-blockers are considered as suitable drugs to treat essential hypertension also in elderly patients and they are currently recommended for treatment of hypertension, even in older patients, by the ESH/ESC Guidelines. Different meta-analyses and results of some large clinical trials have shown that here is no clinically difference between β-blockers and other drug classes in decreasing high blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. The new vasodilating β-blockers, as nebivolol, carvedilol and celiprolol, offer additional important advantages, compared with traditional β-blockers. The cardio-protective effect of β-blockers (except atenolol) is not inferior to that obtained with other drug classes which is independent of age and gender of the patients.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Contraindications; Humans; Hypertension
PubMed: 25761100
DOI: 10.2174/1871525713666150310112759