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Current Pharmaceutical Design 2023Recently, breast cancer has reached the highest incident rate amongst all the reported cancers, and one of its variants, known as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC),... (Review)
Review
Recently, breast cancer has reached the highest incident rate amongst all the reported cancers, and one of its variants, known as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is deadlier compared to the other types of breast cancer due to a lack of feasible diagnostic techniques. Advancements in nanotechnology have paved the way to formulate several nanocarriers with the ability to deliver anticancer drugs effectively and selectively to cancer cells with minimum side effects to non-cancerous cells. Nanotheranostics is a novel approach that can be used in the diagnosis of disease along with therapeutic effects. Currently, various imaging agents, such as organic dyes, radioactive agents, upconversion nanoparticles, various contrasting agents, quantum dots, etc., are being explored for the imaging of internal organs or to examine drug distribution. Furthermore, ligand-targeted nanocarriers, which have the potential to target cancer sites, are being used as advanced agents for cancer theranostic applications, including the identification of various metastatic sites of the cancerous tumor. This review article discusses the need for theranostic application in breast cancer with various imaging techniques, the latest nanotheranostic carriers in breast cancer, and related safety and toxicity issues, as well as highlights the importance of nanotheranostics in breast cancer, which could be helpful in deciphering questions related to nanotheranostic systems.
Topics: Humans; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Antineoplastic Agents; Nanoparticles; Drug Carriers; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 36999427
DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230329122911 -
Current Opinion in Genetics &... Jun 2012New technologies for DNA sequencing, coupled with advanced analytical approaches, are now providing unprecedented speed and precision in decoding human genomes. This... (Review)
Review
New technologies for DNA sequencing, coupled with advanced analytical approaches, are now providing unprecedented speed and precision in decoding human genomes. This combination of technology and analysis, when applied to the study of cancer genomes, is revealing specific and novel information about the fundamental genetic mechanisms that underlie cancer's development and progression. This review outlines the history of the past several years of development in this realm, and discusses the current and future applications that will further elucidate cancer's genomic causes.
Topics: Chromosomes, Human; DNA, Neoplasm; Disease Progression; Genes, Neoplasm; Genetic Testing; Genome, Human; Genomics; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Mutation; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 22534183
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2012.03.005 -
Palliative & Supportive Care Dec 2022The definition of sudden unexpected death (SUD) in patients with advanced cancer near the end of life (EOL) was unclear.
BACKGROUND
The definition of sudden unexpected death (SUD) in patients with advanced cancer near the end of life (EOL) was unclear.
METHODS
This study was conducted as a single-center retrospective analysis. We analyzed 1,282 patients who died of advanced cancer from August 2011 to August 2019 retrospectively. We divided into patients who died within 24 h after the acute change of general condition or others and analyzed risk factors by a multiple logistics method. The reason for SUD was found, the reason is detected by using an electronic medical record retrospectively. The risk factors in SUD were analyzed using age, sex, EOL symptom and treatment, the primary site of cancer, metastatic site of cancer, comorbidly, chemotherapy, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status. The primary endpoint was to identify the frequency and risk factors of SUD in patients with advanced cancer near the EOL.
RESULTS
As a background, the median age is 73 years old, 690 males, 592 females, 227 gastroesophageal cancers, 250 biliary pancreatic cancers, 54 hepatocellular carcinomas, 189 colorectal cancer, 251 lung cancers, 71 breast cancers, 58 urological malignancies, 60 gynecological malignancies, 47 head and neck cancer, 31 hematological malignancies, and 22 sarcomas. The number of patients who died suddenly was 93 (7.2%) at EOL. In a multivariate analysis, Age (ORs 0.619), sex (ORs 1.700), patients with EOL delirium (ORs 0.483), nausea and vomiting (ORs 2.263), 1L or more infusion (ORs 3.479), EOL opioids (ORs 0.465), EOL sedations (ORs 0.339), and with cardiac comorbidity (ORs 0.345) were independent risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of patients who died suddenly was 7.2% ( = 93) at EOL. Age, sex, EOL symptom, EOL treatment, and cardiac comorbidity were independent risk factors in patients with advanced cancer near the EOL. Information on these risk factors is useful to explaining their EOL in advance.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Terminal Care; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Death
PubMed: 34607625
DOI: 10.1017/S1478951521001632 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2017Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a characterized human oncoprotein that is able to promote cancer cells proliferation, anchorage-independent cell... (Review)
Review
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a characterized human oncoprotein that is able to promote cancer cells proliferation, anchorage-independent cell growth and resistance to apoptosis. CIP2A inactivates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) which down-regulates Akt (Protein Kinase B) phosphorylation and stabilizes c-Myc (c-Myc oncogene product) in cancer cells. CIP2A has been studied in the most of human malignancies. Here we discuss the role of CIP2A in cancer and give a summary of CIP2A expression in malignancies. Also, where available we indicated the association of CIP2A with the stage of cancers and patients prognosis, explain its localization and the possibility of targeting CIP2A in different cancers.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autoantigens; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29035828
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.146 -
Pediatrics Dec 2023Pediatric cancer outcomes have significantly improved, and yet this success is not spread equally across cancer types or patients. Disparities data in pediatric oncology...
Pediatric cancer outcomes have significantly improved, and yet this success is not spread equally across cancer types or patients. Disparities data in pediatric oncology highlight needed improvements in access to care, including clinical trials and advanced testing for all patients. For cancers such as brain tumors and sarcomas, continued advancement in understanding the biology of tumor heterogeneity is an essential step toward finding new therapeutic combinations to improve outcomes. Pediatric cancer survivors need access to emerging technologies aimed at reducing or better managing toxicities from therapy. With advances in treatment and survival, pediatric oncology patients continue to need longitudinal, multidisciplinary subspecialty care. Refining the communication between pediatric oncologists, primary pediatricians, survivorship clinics, and adult primary care is key in ensuring the best lifelong care of pediatric cancer survivors. In this State-of-The-Art review, we discuss 5 major domains in pediatric oncology: reducing toxicity, cancer biology, novel therapies, detection and monitoring, and access to care, to highlight recent advances and areas for continued improvement.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Survivors; Cancer Survivors; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 37920939
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061539 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Significant advancements have been made in comprehending the interactions between the microbiome and cancer. However, prevailing research predominantly directs its focus... (Review)
Review
Significant advancements have been made in comprehending the interactions between the microbiome and cancer. However, prevailing research predominantly directs its focus toward the gut microbiome, affording limited consideration to the interactions of intratumoral microbiota and tumors. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the intratumoral microbiome and its associated products wield regulatory influence, directing the modulation of cancer cell properties and impacting immune system functionality. However, to grasp a more profound insight into the intratumoral microbiota in cancer, further research into its underlying mechanisms is necessary. In this review, we delve into the intricate associations between intratumoral microbiota and cancer, with a specific focus on elucidating the significant contribution of intratumoral microbiota to the onset and advancement of cancer. Notably, we provide a detailed exploration of therapeutic advances facilitated by intratumoral microbiota, offering insights into recent developments in this burgeoning field.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38292482
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301506 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews... Jan 2022Spatial mapping of heterogeneity in gene expression in cancer tissues can improve our understanding of cancers and help in the rapid detection of cancers with high... (Review)
Review
Spatial mapping of heterogeneity in gene expression in cancer tissues can improve our understanding of cancers and help in the rapid detection of cancers with high accuracy and reliability. Significant advancements have been made in recent years in OMICS technologies, which possess the strong potential to be applied in the spatial mapping of biopsy tissue samples and their molecular profiling to a single-cell level. The clinical application of OMICS technologies in spatial profiling of cancer tissues is also advancing. The current review presents recent advancements and prospects of applying OMICS technologies to the spatial mapping of various analytes in cancer tissues. We benchmark the current state of the art in the field to advance existing OMICS technologies for high throughput spatial profiling. The factors taken into consideration include spatial resolution, types of biomolecules, number of different biomolecules that can be detected from the same assay, labeled versus label-free approaches, and approximate time required for each assay. Further advancements are still needed for the widespread application of OMICs technologies in performing fast and high throughput spatial mapping of cancer tissues as well as their effective use in research and clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34861353
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188663 -
Thyroid : Official Journal of the... Oct 2021Thyroid cancer is a common malignancy whose detection has increased significantly in past decades. Most of the increased incidence is due to detection of early... (Review)
Review
Thyroid cancer is a common malignancy whose detection has increased significantly in past decades. Most of the increased incidence is due to detection of early well-differentiated thyroid cancer, but the incidence of more advanced thyroid cancers has increased as well. Recent methodological advancements have allowed for a deep understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the various types of thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancers harbor a high frequency of potential druggable molecular alterations, including the highest frequency of oncogenic driver kinase fusions seen across all solid tumors. Analyses of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma confirmed that these tumors develop from more well-differentiated follicular-derived thyroid cancers through acquired additional mutations. The recognition of driver genomic alterations in thyroid cancers not only predicts tumor phenotype but also now can inform treatment approaches. Major progress in understanding the oncogenic molecular underpinnings across the array of thyroid cancers has led to considerable gains in gene-specific systemic therapies for many cancers. This article focuses on the molecular characteristics of aggressive follicular-derived thyroid cancers and medullary thyroid cancer and highlights advancements in treating thyroid cancer in the era of targeted therapy.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Humans; Immunotherapy; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Mutation; Oncogene Fusion; Phosphotransferases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 33860688
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0962 -
BMC Cancer Mar 2023Cancer models are indispensable research tools for elucidating the mechanisms involved in tumor onset, progression and treatment resistance. They are key in evaluating...
Cancer models are indispensable research tools for elucidating the mechanisms involved in tumor onset, progression and treatment resistance. They are key in evaluating therapeutics prior clinical trials. In this editorial, we invite contributions for a BMC Cancer's Collection of articles addressing 'Advances in pre-clinical cancer models' towards relivable outcomes at the preclinical stage.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Models, Biological
PubMed: 36899363
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10715-7 -
Discovery Medicine Feb 2013Despite billions of dollars allocated to cancer research, cancer remains the number 2 cause of death in the United States with less than 50% of advanced cancer patients... (Review)
Review
Despite billions of dollars allocated to cancer research, cancer remains the number 2 cause of death in the United States with less than 50% of advanced cancer patients living one year following standard treatment. Cancer is a complex disease both intrinsically and in relation to its host environment. From a molecular standpoint no two cancers are the same despite histotypic similarity. As evidenced by the recent advances in molecular biology, treatment for advanced cancer is headed towards specific targeting of vulnerable signaling nodes within the reconfigured pathways created by "omic" rewiring. With advancements in proteo-genomics and the capacity of bioinformatics, complex tumor biology can now be more effectively and rapidly analyzed to discover the vulnerable high information transfer nodes within individual tumors. RNA interference (RNAi) technology, with its capability to knock down the expression of targeted genes (the vulnerable nodes), is moving into the clinic to target these nodes, which are integral to tumor maintenance, with a low risk of side-effects and to block intrinsic immunosuppressors thereby priming the tumor for immune attack. An RNAi based sequential approach, a so called "one-two punch," is being advocated comprising tumor volume reduction (ideally to minimal residual disease status) effected by integrated multi-target knockdown followed by immune activation. Examples and recent developments are provided to illustrate this highly powerful approach heralding the future of personalized cancer therapy.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; RNA Interference
PubMed: 23449112
DOI: No ID Found