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Cells Apr 2022Despite significant technological advancements in conventional therapies, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Although substantial progress has... (Review)
Review
Despite significant technological advancements in conventional therapies, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in the control and treatment of cancer, several limitations still exist, and there is scope for further advancements. Several adverse effects are associated with modern chemotherapy that hinder cancer treatment and lead to other critical disorders. Since ancient times, plant-based medicines have been employed in clinical practice and have yielded good results with few side effects. The modern research system and advanced screening techniques for plants' bioactive constituents have enabled phytochemical discovery for the prevention and treatment of challenging diseases such as cancer. Phytochemicals such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, curcumin, colchicine, and lycopene have shown promising anticancer effects. Discovery of more plant-derived bioactive compounds should be encouraged via the exploitation of advanced and innovative research techniques, to prevent and treat advanced-stage cancers without causing significant adverse effects. This review highlights numerous plant-derived bioactive molecules that have shown potential as anticancer agents and their probable mechanisms of action and provides an overview of in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies on anticancer phytochemicals.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms; Phytochemicals; Plants
PubMed: 35456005
DOI: 10.3390/cells11081326 -
Molecular Cell Nov 2015Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells exhibit a high rate of glycolysis in the presence of ample oxygen, a process termed aerobic glycolysis, in 1924 (Warburg et... (Review)
Review
Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells exhibit a high rate of glycolysis in the presence of ample oxygen, a process termed aerobic glycolysis, in 1924 (Warburg et al., 1924). Since then we have significantly advanced our understanding of cancers' fuel choice to meet their demands for energy and for the production of biosynthetic precursors. In this review, we will discuss the preferred nutrients of cancer cells and how they are utilized to satisfy their bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs. In addition, we will describe how cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as oncogene mutations, nutrient and oxygen availability, and other microenvironmental factors influence fuel choice.
Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Glycolysis; Humans; Neoplasms; Oxygen
PubMed: 26590711
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.10.018 -
Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the... Jan 2020Cancer is a big threat to human life. Asia has about 60% of the global population and accounts for half of global cancer incidence and mortality. Circulating tumor cells... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a big threat to human life. Asia has about 60% of the global population and accounts for half of global cancer incidence and mortality. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been a good biomarker for cancer diagnosis, staging, and prognosis. Conventional detection methods of CTCs require drawing blood. It may disturb the biological environment and limited real-time monitoring. in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) is a burgeoning technique that allows noninvasive detection of CTCs in vivo. Here, we review the technical development of IVFC based on various contrast principles, including fluorescence IVFC, photoacoustic IVFC, imaging IVFC, and label-free IVFC. This powerful tool has been applied widely in many areas of cancer-related studies, especially the CTC studies. We review applications of IVFC in preclinical studies on prevalent cancers in Asia, including liver cancer, blood cancer, and so forth. Other cancer-related studies in breast cancer, prostate cancer, cancer-related stem cell research and drug studies are also reviewed. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cell Count; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis
PubMed: 31273910
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23851 -
Journal of Hematology & Oncology Mar 2024Cancer early detection and treatment response prediction continue to pose significant challenges. Cancer liquid biopsies focusing on detecting circulating tumor cells... (Review)
Review
Cancer early detection and treatment response prediction continue to pose significant challenges. Cancer liquid biopsies focusing on detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and DNA (ctDNA) have shown enormous potential due to their non-invasive nature and the implications in precision cancer management. Recently, liquid biopsy has been further expanded to profile glycoproteins, which are the products of post-translational modifications of proteins and play key roles in both normal and pathological processes, including cancers. The advancements in chemical and mass spectrometry-based technologies and artificial intelligence-based platforms have enabled extensive studies of cancer and organ-specific changes in glycans and glycoproteins through glycomics and glycoproteomics. Glycoproteomic analysis has emerged as a promising tool for biomarker discovery and development in early detection of cancers and prediction of treatment efficacy including response to immunotherapies. These biomarkers could play a crucial role in aiding in early intervention and personalized therapy decisions. In this review, we summarize the significant advance in cancer glycoproteomic biomarker studies and the promise and challenges in integration into clinical practice to improve cancer patient care.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Glycoproteins; Liquid Biopsy; Proteome
PubMed: 38515194
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01532-x -
Clinical & Developmental Immunology 2012The past decade has witnessed the evolvement of cancer immunotherapy as an increasingly effective therapeutic modality, evidenced by the approval of two immune-based... (Review)
Review
The past decade has witnessed the evolvement of cancer immunotherapy as an increasingly effective therapeutic modality, evidenced by the approval of two immune-based products by the FDA, that is, the cancer vaccine Provenge (sipuleucel-T) for prostate cancer and the antagonist antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. In addition, the clinical evaluations of a variety of promising immunotherapy drugs are well under way. Benefiting from more efficacious immunotherapeutic agents and treatment strategies, a number of recent clinical studies have achieved unprecedented therapeutic outcomes in some patients with certain types of cancers. Despite these advances, however, the efficacy of most cancer immunotherapies currently under clinical development has been modest. A recurring scenario is that therapeutic maneuvers initially led to measurable antitumor immune responses in cancer patients but ultimately failed to improve patient outcomes. It is increasingly recognized that tumor cells can antagonize therapy-induced immune attacks through a variety of counterregulation mechanisms, which represent a fundamental barrier to the success of cancer immunotherapy. Herein we summarize the findings from some recent preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on how tumor cells advance their survival and expansion by hijacking therapy-induced immune effector mechanisms that would otherwise mediate their destruction.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunomodulation; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Tumor Escape
PubMed: 22778760
DOI: 10.1155/2012/124187 -
Seminars in Oncology Nursing Aug 2016To describe how nurses can use risk reduction and health promotion activities to facilitate surveillance of late effects and secondary cancers in long-term cancer... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To describe how nurses can use risk reduction and health promotion activities to facilitate surveillance of late effects and secondary cancers in long-term cancer survivors.
DATA SOURCES
Literature review on survivorship, nursing practice, cancer prevention, and survivorship; articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals; and Web-based or professional organization resources.
CONCLUSION
Appropriate participation in screening activities, early detection of cancer, and further advances in treatment have contributed to the rise in cancer survivors. A demand for nurses with clinical experience and competence in survivorship care will follow.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Oncology nurses have an essential role in providing safe and high-quality care throughout the survivorship experience, which can contribute to better long-term outcomes.
Topics: Cancer Survivors; Humans; Neoplasms; Oncology Nursing; Survivorship
PubMed: 27539283
DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2016.05.009 -
Endocrinology Aug 2019Cancer recurrence and metastasis involves many biological interactions, such as genetic, transcription, environmental, endocrine signaling, and metabolism. These... (Review)
Review
Cancer recurrence and metastasis involves many biological interactions, such as genetic, transcription, environmental, endocrine signaling, and metabolism. These interactions add a complex understanding of cancer recurrence and metastatic progression, delaying the advancement in therapeutic opportunities. We highlight the recent advances on the molecular complexities of endocrine-related cancers, focusing on breast and prostate cancer, and briefly review how endocrine signaling and metabolic programs can influence transcriptional complexes for metastasis competence. Nuclear receptors and transcriptional coregulators function as molecular nodes for the crosstalk between endocrine signaling and metabolism that alter downstream gene expression important for tumor progression and metastasis. This exciting regulatory axis may provide insights to the development of cancer therapeutics important for these desensitized endocrine-dependent cancers.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Castration; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
PubMed: 31157867
DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00097 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2017Our understanding of breast cancer and its therapeutic approach has improved greatly due to the advancement of molecular biology in recent years. Clinically, breast... (Review)
Review
Our understanding of breast cancer and its therapeutic approach has improved greatly due to the advancement of molecular biology in recent years. Clinically, breast cancers are characterized into three basic types based on their immunohistochemical properties. They are triple-negative breast cancer, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive-HR positive breast cancer, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Even though these subtypes have been characterized, assessment of a breast cancer's receptor status is still widely used to determine whether or not a targeted therapy could be applied. Moreover, drug resistance is common in all breast cancer types despite the different treatment modalities applied. The development of resistance to different therapeutics is not mutually exclusive. It seems that tumor could be resistant to multiple treatment strategies, such as being both chemoresistant and monoclonal antibody resistant. However, the underlying mechanisms are complicated and need further investigation. In this chapter, we aim to provide a brief review of the different types of breast cancer and their respective treatment strategies. We also review the possible mechanisms of potential drug resistance associated with each treatment type. We believe that a better understanding of the drug resistance mechanisms can lead to a more effective and efficient therapeutic success.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Female; Humans; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Progesterone
PubMed: 29282680
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_4 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2023Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, but advances in treatment, early detection, and prevention have helped to reduce its impact. To translate cancer research... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, but advances in treatment, early detection, and prevention have helped to reduce its impact. To translate cancer research findings into clinical interventions for patients, appropriate animal experimental models, particularly in oral cancer therapy, can be helpful. In vitro experiments using animal or human cells can provide insight into cancer's biochemical pathways. This review discusses the various animal models used in recent years for research and clinical intervention in oral cancer, along with their advantages and disadvantages. We highlight the advantages and limitations of the used animal models in oral cancer research and therapy by searching the terms of animal models, oral cancer, oral cancer therapy, oral cancer research, and animals to find all relevant publications during 2010-2023. Mouse models, widely used in cancer research, can help us understand protein and gene functions in vivo and molecular pathways more deeply. To induce cancer in rodents, xenografts are often used, but companion animals with spontaneous tumours are underutilized for rapid advancement in human and veterinary cancer treatments. Like humans with cancer, companion animals exhibit biological behaviour, treatment responses, and cytotoxic agent responses similar to humans. In companion animal models, disease progression is more rapid, and the animals have a shorter lifespan. Animal models allow researchers to study how immune cells interact with cancer cells and how they can be targeted specifically. Additionally, animal models have been extensively used in research on oral cancers, so researchers can use existing knowledge and tools to better understand oral cancers using animal models.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Antineoplastic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 37196179
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1161 -
Drug Delivery and Translational Research Apr 2020Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer existing across the globe. It begins with the formation of polyps leading to the development of metastasis,... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer existing across the globe. It begins with the formation of polyps leading to the development of metastasis, especially in advanced stage patients, who necessitate intensive chemotherapy that usually results in a poor response and high morbidity owing to multidrug resistance and severe untoward effects to the non-cancerous cells. Advancements in the targeted drug delivery permit the targeting of tumor cells without affecting the non-tumor cells. Various nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, micelles, and nanogels, etc. are being developed and explored for effective delivery of cytotoxic drugs to the target site thereby enhancing the drug distribution and bioavailability, simultaneously subduing the side effects. Moreover, immunotherapy for CRC is being explored for last few decades. Few clinical trials have even potentially benefited patients suffering from CRC, still immunotherapy persists merely an experimental alternative. Assessment of the ongoing and completed trials is to be warranted for effective treatment of CRC. Scientists are paying efforts to develop novel carrier systems that may enhance the targeting potential of low therapeutic index chemo- and immune-therapeutics. Several preclinical studies have revealed the superior efficacy of nanotherapy in CRC as compared to conventional approaches. Clinical trials are being recruited to ascertain the safety and efficacy of CRC therapies. The present review discourses in a nutshell the molecular interventions including the genetics, signaling pathways involved in CRC, and advances in various strategies explored for the treatment of CRC with a special emphasis on nanocarriers based drug targeting.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colorectal Neoplasms; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; Immunotherapy; Nanostructures
PubMed: 31701486
DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00680-9