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Endocrinologia, Diabetes Y Nutricion Nov 2019To evaluate in the elderly diabetic patient the probability of improving the frailty after performing strength exercises with an elastic band and aerobic exercise.
AIM
To evaluate in the elderly diabetic patient the probability of improving the frailty after performing strength exercises with an elastic band and aerobic exercise.
METHODS
Prospective study of diabetic patients older than 70 years, with Barthel >80 points and Global Deterioration Scale -Functional Assessment Staging <3 points. Strength exercises with an elastic band 3 days a week and walk 30min a day 5 days a week were recommended. Adherence to the exercises was assessed using the Haynes-Sacket test. Frailty was assessed by the Fried criteria and functional capacity by the Short Physical Performance Battery at baseline and at 6 months.
RESULTS
44 patients completed 6 months of follow-up. There was non-adherence to aerobic exercises in 38.6% of cases and to exercises with elastic bands in 47.7%. The prevalence of frailty decreased from an initial 34.1% to 25% at 6 months (p=0.043) and the percentage of patients with a moderate-severe functional limitation was reduced from 26.2% to 21.4% (p=0.007). Adherence to aerobic exercises (p=0.034) and absence of coronary ischemic heart disease (p=0.043) predisposed to improve frailty.
CONCLUSIONS
Performing 6-month strength exercises with an elastic band and aerobic exercise reduces the prevalence of frailty in elderly diabetic patients. The probability of improving frailty decreases in case of coronary ischemic heart disease and increases with adherence to aerobic exercises.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Male; Mobility Limitation; Patient Compliance; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Resistance Training; Time Factors; Walking
PubMed: 30979609
DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2019.01.010 -
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care Apr 2022To date, the effects of resistance exercise on diabetes-related parameters (blood glucose level and insulin use) and pregnancy outcome in participants with gestational... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
To date, the effects of resistance exercise on diabetes-related parameters (blood glucose level and insulin use) and pregnancy outcome in participants with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have not been compared with those of aerobic exercise. To investigate the effect of resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise on blood glucose level, insulin utilization rate, and pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From December 2019 to December 2020, 100 pregnant women with GDM were selected and divided into a resistance exercise group (49 patients) and an aerobic exercise group (51 patients) randomly. The aerobic exercise group received an aerobic exercise intervention, while the resistance exercise group received a resistance exercise intervention. Both groups received exercise intervention for 50-60 min, 3 times per week, lasting for 6 weeks. In addition, patients in both groups received the same routine care, including personalized dietary intervention, online education, and school courses for pregnant women.
RESULTS
The blood glucose level in the resistance exercise group and the aerobic exercise group was lower after the intervention than before the intervention (p<0.05). After the intervention, no significant differences were observed in the fasting blood glucose level, insulin utilization rate, and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the two groups (p>0.05); however, significant differences were noted in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level and exercise compliance between the two groups (p<0.05), with the resistance exercise group showing better outcomes than the aerobic exercise group.
CONCLUSIONS
Resistance exercise is more compliant for pregnant women with GDM than aerobic exercise; hence, it is necessary to popularize resistance exercise in this specific population group. Long-term effects of resistance exercise should be evaluated in future studies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR 1900027929.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes, Gestational; Exercise; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Resistance Training
PubMed: 35383101
DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002622 -
Musculoskeletal Care Dec 2017Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience reduced exercise capacity and muscle strength compared with healthy subjects. There are also indications of reduced... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience reduced exercise capacity and muscle strength compared with healthy subjects. There are also indications of reduced levels of physical activity.
OBJECTIVE
To present the current knowledge of physical exercise in SSc.
RESULTS
Most studies presently available [three case studies, one single subject experimental design, one study comparing patients with healthy controls, one quasi experimental design (pre-post), two clinical trials and two random controlled trials] have included small samples of patients, mostly composed of patients with and without pulmonary involvement. It seems that patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement are able to perform and benefit from aerobic exercises of at least moderate intensity. Exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, walking distance, muscle strength and muscle function as well as health-related quality of life (HRQL) have been found to be improved after participation in programmes including aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercises. Improvements seem to be only partially retained at follow up. Patients with pulmonary involvement may also experience improved muscle strength, physical and aerobic capacity, as well as HRQL following exercise.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be as physically active as the general population. Patients with mild pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be physically active by engaging in exercises of moderate intensity and to participate in moderate-load resistance exercises. Health professionals should inform patients with SSc about the importance of physical activity and avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Resistance Training; Scleroderma, Systemic
PubMed: 28378937
DOI: 10.1002/msc.1185 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Feb 2021Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT), is the largest fat depot and major provider of free fatty acids to the liver. Abdominal fat is indirectly (via increased... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Training and Combined Exercise Modalities on Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT), is the largest fat depot and major provider of free fatty acids to the liver. Abdominal fat is indirectly (via increased levels of low-grade inflammation) correlated with many of the adverse health effects of obesity. Although exercise is one of the most prominent components of obesity management, its effects on SAT are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the independent effects of aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) modalities and combined exercise modalities on SAT in adults. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant publications up to November 2018. The effect sizes were represented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs. Between-study heterogeneity was examined using the I2 test. Overall, 43 identified trials that enrolled 3552 subjects (2684 women) were included. After removal of outliers, combining effect sizes indicated a significant effect of AT (WMD: -13.05 cm2; 95% CI: -18.52, -7.57; P < 0.001), RT (WMD: -5.39 cm2; 95% CI: -9.66, -1.12; P = 0.01), and combined exercise training (CExT; WMD: -28.82 cm2; 95% CI: -30.83, -26.81; P < 0.001) on SAT relative to control groups. Pooled effect sizes demonstrated a significant effect of AT on SAT compared with a CExT group (WMD: 11.07 cm2; 95% CI: 1.81, 20.33; P = 0.01). However, when comparing the AT and RT groups, no significant difference was seen in SAT (WMD: -0.73 cm2; 95% CI: -4.50, 3.04; P = 0.70). Meta-analysis of relevant trials indicated that AT, RT, and CExT lead to SAT reduction. Aerobic exercise was shown to produce greater efficacy in decreasing SAT.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training
PubMed: 32804997
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa090 -
BMC Women's Health May 2018Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder among women of reproductive age. Nearly 40% of women report problems with their menstrual cycles. Exercise is one of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder among women of reproductive age. Nearly 40% of women report problems with their menstrual cycles. Exercise is one of the recommended treatments to reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on severity of physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
METHODS
This study was a randomized clinical trial (IRCT2015021721116N1) that was performed on 65 students living in student dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016, Iran. Samples were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The intervention group engaged in 8 weeks of aerobic exercises, three times a week, and 20 min for each session. The tools were research unit selection questionnaire, midwifery and personal particulars, temporary determination of premenstrual syndrome, Beck Depression, recorded daily symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and Borg scale. We analyzed the data using SPSS software and Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test.
RESULTS
At the beginning of the study, both control and intervention groups were homogeneous. The results of independent t-test showed that among the physical symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome in the intervention group compared to the control group, at the end of the study, headache (p = 0.001), nausea, constipation diarrhea (p = 0.01), swollen (p = 0/001) had a significant reduction. Also, the comparison of the difference between the mean of the signs at the beginning and the end of the study, bloating (p = 0.01), Vomiting (p = 0.002), hot flashes (p = 0.04), increase in appetite (p = 0.008) were significantly decreased.
CONCLUSION
Aerobic exercise as one of the ways to treat premenstrual syndrome can reduce the physical symptoms of the syndrome.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Name of registry: Zahra Mohebbi Dehnavi. IRCT registration number: IRCT 2015021721116 N1. Registration date: 2015 - 08-28. Registration timing: retrospective.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Female; Humans; Iran; Menstrual Cycle; Premenstrual Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 29855308
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0565-5 -
BMC Geriatrics Mar 2020The ability to walk and perform cognitive tasks simultaneously is a key aspect of daily life. Performance declines in these dual-tasks may be associated with early signs... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of simultaneous cognitive and aerobic exercise training on dual-task walking performance in healthy older adults: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The ability to walk and perform cognitive tasks simultaneously is a key aspect of daily life. Performance declines in these dual-tasks may be associated with early signs of neurodegenerative disease and increased risk of falls. Thus, interventions to improve dual-task walking performance are of great interest for promoting healthy aging. Here, we present results of a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effects of a simultaneous aerobic exercise and cognitive training intervention on dual-task walking performance in healthy older adults.
METHODS
Community-dwelling, healthy older adults were recruited to participate in a 12-week RCT. Participants were randomized into one of four groups (n = 74): 1) cognitive training (COG), 2) aerobic exercise (EX), 3) combined aerobic exercise and cognitive training (EXCOG), and 4) video-watching control (CON). The COG and EXCOG groups both used a tablet-based cognitive training program that challenged aspects of executive cognitive function, memory, and processing speed. Performance on a dual-task walking test (DTWT; serial subtraction during two-minute walk) was assessed by researchers blinded to groupings before the intervention, and at 6 and 12 weeks. We included all participants randomized with baseline measurements in an intention to treat analysis using linear mixed effects models.
RESULTS
We found a significant group by time interaction for cognitive performance on the DTWT (p = 0.039). Specifically, participants in the EXCOG, EX, and COG groups significantly improved on the cognitive aspect of the DTWT following the full 12-week intervention (p = 3.5e-7, p = 0.048, p = 0.048, respectively). The improvements in EXCOG were twice as large as in the other groups, and were significant at 6 weeks (p = 0.019). The CON group did not show a significant change in cognitive performance on the DTWT, and no group significantly altered dual-task gait measures following the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
A simultaneous aerobic exercise and cognitive training intervention significantly improved cognitive performance during a DTWT in healthy older adults. Despite no change in DTWT gait measures, significant improvements in cognitive performance indicate that further investigation in a larger RCT is warranted.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04120792, Retrospectively Registered 08 October 2019.
Topics: Aged; Cognition; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Middle Aged; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Pilot Projects; Psychomotor Performance; Treatment Outcome; Walking
PubMed: 32122325
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1484-5 -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Aug 2019Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease that is associated with neurobiological alterations in multiple brain regions and peripheral organs. Negative symptoms... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease that is associated with neurobiological alterations in multiple brain regions and peripheral organs. Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are present in about half of patients and are difficult to treat, leading to an unfavorable functional outcome. To investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on various neurobiological parameters, we conducted a narrative review. Add-on aerobic exercise was shown to be effective in improving negative and general symptoms, cognition, global functioning, and quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Based on findings in healthy individuals and animal models, this qualitative review gives an overview of different lines of evidence on how aerobic exercise impacts brain structure and function and molecular mechanisms in patients with schizophrenia and how its effects could be related to clinical and functional outcomes. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies showed a volume increase in the hippocampus and cortical regions in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls after endurance training. However, results are inconsistent and individual risk factors may influence neuroplastic processes. Animal studies indicate that alterations in epigenetic mechanisms and synaptic plasticity are possible underlying mechanisms, but that differentiation of glial cells, angiogenesis, and possibly neurogenesis may also be involved. Clinical and animal studies also revealed effects of aerobic exercise on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, growth factors, and immune-related mechanisms. Some findings indicate effects on neurotransmitters and the endocannabinoid system. Further research is required to clarify how individual risk factors in schizophrenia patients mediate or moderate the neurobiological effects of exercise on brain and cognition. Altogether, aerobic exercise is a promising candidate in the search for pathophysiology-based add-on interventions in schizophrenia.
Topics: Brain; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuronal Plasticity; Quality of Life; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 31115660
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01025-w -
Cancer Medicine Sep 2021Aerobic exercise is an important non-pharmacological means of antitumor intervention, but related mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, previous studies are... (Review)
Review
Aerobic exercise is an important non-pharmacological means of antitumor intervention, but related mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, previous studies are summarized from the aspects of tumor oxygenation, autophagy versus apoptosis, and organismal immunity. Current findings on the antitumor effects of aerobic exercise involve AMPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, Th1/Th2 cytokine balance related to immunity, PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive signaling, and related cytokine pathways. Several directions for further research are proposed, including whether newly discovered subgroups of cytokines influence the effects of aerobic exercise on tumors, tailoring corresponding exercise prescriptions based on the bidirectional effects of certain cytokines at different stages, identifying the potential effects of exercise time and intensity, and elucidating details of the unclear mechanisms. Through the discussion of the existing data, we hope to provide new ideas for the future research of exercise therapy.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Neoplasms; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Signal Transduction; Tumor Hypoxia; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34387383
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4169 -
Archives Italiennes de Biologie Jul 2018Previous reviews and meta-analysis have shown that physical activity has positive effects on cognition in healthy elderly as well as in patients with Mild Cognitive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Previous reviews and meta-analysis have shown that physical activity has positive effects on cognition in healthy elderly as well as in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, even if with a minor effect whereas less is known about the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to evaluate aerobic exercise effects upon cognition in AD patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and DARE databases were analytically searched for RCTs including aerobic exercise interventions for AD patients.
RESULTS
There is scarce evidence that aerobic exercise improves cognition in AD patients. Overall, the included studies reported only positive effects for patients'global cognition after intervention, mainly due to a lack of accurate neuropsychological assessment of each cognitive domain. Whether the bene ts of exercise are evident in all stages of AD pathology remain also uncertain.
CONCLUSIONS
Standardized protocols, larger and more rigorous RCTs with long-term follow-ups may provide better insight into the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive deterioration characterizing people with AD.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Exercise; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 30039836
DOI: 10.12871/00039829201816 -
Headache Feb 2016Engagement in regular exercise routinely is recommended as an intervention for managing and preventing migraine, and yet empirical support is far from definitive. We... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Engagement in regular exercise routinely is recommended as an intervention for managing and preventing migraine, and yet empirical support is far from definitive. We possess at best a weak understanding of how aerobic exercise and resulting change in aerobic capacity influence migraine, let alone the optimal parameters for exercise regimens as migraine therapy (eg, who will benefit, when to prescribe, optimal types, and doses/intensities of exercise, level of anticipated benefit). These fundamental knowledge gaps critically limit our capacity to deploy exercise as an intervention for migraine.
OVERVIEW
Clear articulation of the markers and mechanisms through which aerobic exercise confers benefits for migraine would prove invaluable and could yield insights on migraine pathophysiology. Neurovascular and neuroinflammatory pathways, including an effect on obesity or adiposity, are obvious candidates for study given their role both in migraine as well as the changes known to accrue with regular exercise. In addition to these biological pathways, improvements in aerobic fitness and migraine alike also are mediated by changes in psychological and sociocognitive factors. Indeed a number of specific mechanisms and pathways likely are operational in the relationship between exercise and migraine improvement, and it remains to be established whether these pathways operate in parallel or synergistically. As heuristics that might conceptually benefit our research programs here forward, we: (1) provide an extensive listing of potential mechanisms and markers that could account for the effects of aerobic exercise on migraine and are worthy of empirical exploration and (2) present two exemplar conceptual models depicting pathways through which exercise may serve to reduce the burden of migraine.
CONCLUSION
Should the promise of aerobic exercise as a feasible and effective migraine therapy be realized, this line of endeavor stands to benefit migraineurs (including the many who presently remain suboptimally treated) by providing a new therapeutic avenue as an alternative or augmentative compliment to established interventions for migraine.
Topics: Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Models, Biological
PubMed: 26643584
DOI: 10.1111/head.12738