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Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Jul 2018The main purpose of this review was to synthesize evidence from existing childhood cancer survivor studies that report the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The main purpose of this review was to synthesize evidence from existing childhood cancer survivor studies that report the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary fitness (a marker of cardiovascular health), in survivors that were currently receiving or had been treated with a cardiotoxic agent.
METHODS
Studies were identified for this review by searching both electronic databases of peer-reviewed articles, as well as various sources of gray literature. Risk of bias was qualitatively assessed in these studies using the domains outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data was analyzed quantitatively using random-effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses in RevMan Software.
RESULTS
Meta-analysis of pooled evidence from the nine included studies suggests that aerobic exercise has a statistically and clinically significant positive effect on cardiopulmonary fitness (effect estimate = 6.92%, p value = 0.02). Findings from subgroup analyses of clinical characteristics and exercise parameters were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings from this review, although not directly demonstrating a cardioprotective effect, are a preliminary step towards establishing the putative cardioprotective effect of aerobic exercise against the direct cardiotoxic impact of cancer treatments. The significant positive effect estimate in favor of aerobic exercise is a small but important advancement towards the standardization of aerobic exercise in childhood cancer survivors. Further studies are necessary.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cancer Survivors; Cardiotoxicity; Cardiotoxins; Child; Exercise; Heart; Humans; Neoplasms; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 29671063
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4208-z -
Journal of Cellular Physiology May 2023Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory vascular disease with lipid metabolism abnormalities, is one of the major pathological bases of coronary heart disease. As... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory vascular disease with lipid metabolism abnormalities, is one of the major pathological bases of coronary heart disease. As people's lifestyles and diets change, the incidence of AS increases yearly. Physical activity and exercise training have recently been identified as effective strategies for lowering cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the best exercise mode to ameliorate the risk factors related to AS is not clear. The effect of exercise on AS is affected by the type of exercise, intensity, and duration. In particular, aerobic and anaerobic exercise are the two most widely discussed types of exercise. During exercise, the cardiovascular system undergoes physiological changes via various signaling pathways. The review aims to summarize signaling pathways related to AS in two different exercise types and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AS in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Anaerobiosis; Exercise; Atherosclerosis; Exercise Therapy; Cardiovascular System
PubMed: 36890781
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30989 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Mar 2014There is growing interest in the use of exercise in the treatment of depression. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a reduction in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
There is growing interest in the use of exercise in the treatment of depression. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a reduction in depressive symptoms with both aerobic and non-aerobic exercise interventions. This has been supported in a number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the heterogeneous nature of the exercise intervention trials makes determining the appropriate program variables (frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercise) difficult.
DESIGN
A systematic review was undertaken on all RCTs reporting a significant treatment effect of exercise in the treatment of depression.
METHODS
Studies were analyzed for exercise frequency, intensity, session duration, exercise type, exercise mode, intervention duration, delivery of exercise, level and quality of supervision and compliance. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale.
RESULTS
Five RCTs published since 2007 met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. Most programs were performed three times weekly and of moderate intensity. All included trials used aerobic exercise, either treadmill or outdoor walking, stationary cycle or elliptical cross trainer exercise. Intervention duration ranged from four to twelve weeks. Both group and individual programs were shown to be effective in lowering the symptoms of depression. Some level of supervision is recommended.
CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence for the use supervised aerobic exercise, undertaken three times weekly at moderate intensity for a minimum of nine weeks in the treatment of depression. Further research on the manipulation of program variables is warranted.
Topics: Depression; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training
PubMed: 23602562
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.010 -
Journal of the International Society of... 2022Exercise modality differentially alters body composition and physical performance. Metabolic changes underlying these outcomes can be tracked through assessment of...
BACKGROUND
Exercise modality differentially alters body composition and physical performance. Metabolic changes underlying these outcomes can be tracked through assessment of circulating metabolites. Here, global responses to an acute bout of aerobic or anaerobic exercise were compared in the serum of male and female subjects using a discovery-based metabolomics platform.
METHODS
On separate days, 40 healthy, active participants completed 45 min of aerobic cycling or resistance exercise, and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after (T1) and 1 hour post-exercise (T2) to examine the serum metabolomic landscape.
RESULTS
The two exercise metabolomes appeared more similar than different in this healthy cohort. Overall, metabolomic signatures of both exercise modalities were markedly altered from rest at T1, and returned toward baseline by T2. Metabolomic perturbations at T1 and the T1-T2 rate of recovery post-exercise were greater following aerobic cycling than resistance exercise. Shared signatures included elevations in purine metabolism, substrate catabolism and mobilization, and inflammatory signaling. Aerobic exercise resulted in greater substrate diversity and use of fatty acids, whereas resistance exercise displayed higher purine turnover and glycolytic flux.
DISCUSSION
Individual metabolite differences between conditions were seen in magnitude but not direction. Metabolomic signatures of the exercise responses appeared fairly robust across exercise modalities. An initial perturbation and subsequent shift toward recovery by an hour post-exercise defined the signature in our healthy cohort. The expedited recovery following aerobic cycling may be explained by globally elevated lipid metabolism.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Exercise; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolome; Purines
PubMed: 36250148
DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2115858 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Feb 2024We aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of aerobic exercise on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and haemodynamic factors in adults with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of aerobic exercise on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and haemodynamic factors in adults with hypertension. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to April 2022 for randomized trials of aerobic exercise in adults with hypertension. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MDs) and 95%CIs for each 30 min/week increase in aerobic exercise. The certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. The analysis of 34 trials with 1787 participants indicated that each 30 min/week aerobic exercise reduced SBP by 1.78 mmHg (95%CI: -2.22 to -1.33; n = 34, GRADE=low), DBP by 1.23 mmHg (95%CI: -1.53 to -0.93; n = 34, GRADE=moderate), resting heart rate (MD = -1.08 bpm, 95%CI: -1.46 to -0.71; n = 23, GRADE=low), and mean arterial pressure (MD = -1.37 mmHg, 95%CI: -1.80 to -0.93; n = 9, GRADE = low). A nonlinear dose-dependent decrement was seen on SBP and DBP, with the greatest decrement at 150 min/week (MD = -7.23 mmHg, 95%CI: -9.08 to -5.39 for SBP and -5.58 mmHg, 95%CI: -6.90 to -4.27 for DBP). Aerobic exercise can lead to a large and clinically important reduction in blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest reduction at 150 min/week. The dose-dependent effects of aerobic exercise on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and haemodynamic factors in adults with hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Blood Pressure; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Hypertension; Exercise
PubMed: 37872373
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01467-9 -
Journal of Sports Sciences Oct 1994The Type A behaviour pattern is a well-documented, if controversial, risk factor for coronary heart disease. Surprisingly, relatively little work has been reported on... (Review)
Review
The Type A behaviour pattern is a well-documented, if controversial, risk factor for coronary heart disease. Surprisingly, relatively little work has been reported on ways of modifying this behaviour pattern. Aerobic exercise, with its demonstrated benefits for both cardiovascular reactivity and psychological 'well-being', is a promising treatment. The literature is reviewed and recommendations are made for practical applications and future research.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Coronary Disease; Exercise; Humans; Risk Factors; Type A Personality
PubMed: 7799472
DOI: 10.1080/02640419408732193 -
Aviation, Space, and Environmental... Jan 2010Bed rest is a well-accepted model for spaceflight in which the physiologic adaptations, particularly in the cardiovascular system, are studied and potential... (Review)
Review
Bed rest is a well-accepted model for spaceflight in which the physiologic adaptations, particularly in the cardiovascular system, are studied and potential countermeasures can be tested. Bed rest without countermeasures results in reduced aerobic capacity and altered submaximal exercise responses. Aerobic endurance and factors which may impact prolonged exercise, however, have not been well studied. The initial loss of aerobic capacity is rapid, occurring in parallel with the loss of plasma volume. Thereafter, the reduction in maximal aerobic capacity proceeds more slowly and is influenced by central and peripheral adaptation. Exercise capacity can be maintained during bed rest and may be improved during recovery with appropriate countermeasures. Plasma volume restoration, resistive exercise, orthostatic stress, aerobic exercise, and aerobic exercise plus orthostatic stress all have been tested with varying levels of success. However, the optimal combination of elements-exercise modality, intensity, duration, muscle groups exercised and frequency of aerobic exercise, orthostatic stress, and supplementary resistive or anaerobic exercise training-has not been systematically evaluated. Currently, frequent (at least 3 days per week) bouts of intense exercise (interval-style and near maximal) with orthostatic stress appears to be the most efficacious method to protect aerobic capacity during bed rest. Further refinement of protocols and countermeasure hardware may be necessary to insure the success of countermeasures in the unique environment of space.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bed Rest; Exercise; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Gravitation; Humans; Physical Endurance; Space Flight
PubMed: 20058738
DOI: 10.3357/asem.2474.2010 -
PloS One 2023Aerobic exercise and action observation are two clinic-ready modes of neural priming that have the potential to enhance subsequent motor learning. Prior work using...
Aerobic exercise and action observation are two clinic-ready modes of neural priming that have the potential to enhance subsequent motor learning. Prior work using transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess priming effects have shown changes in corticospinal excitability involving intra- and interhemispheric circuitry. The objective of this study was to determine outcomes exclusive to priming- how aerobic exercise and action observation priming influence functional connectivity within a sensorimotor neural network using electroencephalography. We hypothesized that both action observation and aerobic exercise priming would alter resting-state coherence measures between dominant primary motor cortex and motor-related areas in alpha (7-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) frequency bands with effects most apparent in the high beta (20-30 Hz) band. Nine unimpaired individuals (24.8 ± 3 years) completed a repeated-measures cross-over study where they received a single five-minute bout of action observation or moderate-intensity aerobic exercise priming in random order with a one-week washout period. Serial resting-state electroencephalography recordings acquired from 0 to 30 minutes following aerobic and action observation priming revealed increased alpha and beta coherence between leads overlying dominant primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area relative to pre- and immediate post-priming timepoints. Aerobic exercise priming also resulted in enhanced high beta coherence between leads overlying dominant primary motor and parietal cortices. These findings indicate that a brief bout of aerobic- or action observation-based priming modulates functional connectivity with effects most pronounced with aerobic priming. The gradual increases in coherence observed over a 10 to 30-minute post-priming window may guide the pairing of aerobic- or action observation-based priming with subsequent training to optimize learning-related outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Exercise; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Motor Activity
PubMed: 37023070
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283975 -
Nutrients Oct 2019Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes.... (Review)
Review
Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
Topics: Biological Transport; Exercise; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 31614762
DOI: 10.3390/nu11102432 -
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension... 2018The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on blood pressure in East Asians. The inclusion criteria of the randomized... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on blood pressure in East Asians. The inclusion criteria of the randomized controlled trials were healthy East Asian adults, exercise group performing regular aerobic exercise and control group not exercising, and a description of the mean systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure at rest. This study included 31 study groups and 1994 subjects. Pooled changes in blood pressure showed significant reductions (systolic blood pressure: -4.7 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure: -3.2 mmHg). In subgroup analyses, the change in systolic blood pressure for randomized controlled trials meeting the America Heart Association and American College of Sports Medicine guidelines for physical activity to maintain health was significantly larger than in randomized controlled trials not meeting the guidelines. In addition, meta-regression indicated that the change in systolic blood pressure was significantly related to "exercise time × exercise frequency." The ideal volume of exercise is that for a long time at a high frequency, such as the volume recommended in the America Heart Association and American College of Sports Medicine guidelines: moderate intensity and >150 min per week. List of abbreviations: BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; RCT: randomized controlled trial; AHA: America Heart Association; ACSM: America College of Sports Medicine; SD: standard deviation; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; PEDro: Physiotherapy Evidence Database; CI: confidence intervals; %HR: percentage of maximal heart rate.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Pressure; Exercise; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Systole
PubMed: 29083942
DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1384483