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Science (New York, N.Y.) May 1973
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Biological Evolution; Mitochondria; Symbiosis
PubMed: 4700607
DOI: 10.1126/science.180.4085.516 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 1973
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacteria; Biological Evolution; Mitochondria
PubMed: 4730058
DOI: 10.1126/science.182.4107.85 -
International Anesthesiology Clinics 1981Aerobic metabolism is of fundamental importance to the living organism. The mitochondrion, which probably evolved from an early aerobic parasite of anaerobic cells, is... (Review)
Review
Aerobic metabolism is of fundamental importance to the living organism. The mitochondrion, which probably evolved from an early aerobic parasite of anaerobic cells, is the keystone of aerobic metabolism. It is able to convert the energy of substrate to a useful form which the living organism requires. It functions under strong metabolic control so that it may adjust to changing cellular energy requirements. When mitochondrial metabolism is impaired by oxygen deficiency, many physiological changes occur rapidly; some of these are detailed in this chapter. The material presented here is intended as an introduction to the important topics to be discussed in the following chapters.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Citric Acid Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Hypoxia; Mitochondria; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption
PubMed: 7026456
DOI: 10.1097/00004311-198119030-00004 -
Journal of Breath Research Jan 2015Mammalian methanogenesis is widely considered to be an exclusive sign of anaerobic microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract. This commonly held view was... (Review)
Review
Mammalian methanogenesis is widely considered to be an exclusive sign of anaerobic microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract. This commonly held view was challenged, however, when in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated the possibility of nonmicrobial methane formation in aerobic organisms, in plants and animals. The aim of this review is to discuss the available literature data on the biological role of methane. When we evaluate the significance of methane generation in the mammalian physiology, the question may be examined: is it a gas mediator? Overall the data do not fully support the gasotransmitter concept, but they do support the notion that methane liberation may be linked to redox regulation and may be connected with hypoxic events leading to, or associated with a mitochondrial dysfunction. In this respect, the available information suggests that hypoxia-induced methane generation may be a necessary phenomenon of aerobic life, and perhaps a surviving evolutionary trait in the eukaryote cell.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Animals; Biological Evolution; Gasotransmitters; Mammals; Methane; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 25624411
DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/1/014001 -
Microbiology and Molecular Biology... Sep 1998The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a relatively recently discovered bacterial group. Although taxonomically and phylogenetically heterogeneous, these... (Review)
Review
The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a relatively recently discovered bacterial group. Although taxonomically and phylogenetically heterogeneous, these bacteria share the following distinguishing features: the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a incorporated into reaction center and light-harvesting complexes, low levels of the photosynthetic unit in cells, an abundance of carotenoids, a strong inhibition by light of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis, and the inability to grow photosynthetically under anaerobic conditions. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are classified in two marine (Erythrobacter and Roseobacter) and six freshwater (Acidiphilium, Erythromicrobium, Erythromonas, Porphyrobacter, Roseococcus, and Sandaracinobacter) genera, which phylogenetically belong to the alpha-1, alpha-3, and alpha-4 subclasses of the class Proteobacteria. Despite this phylogenetic information, the evolution and ancestry of their photosynthetic properties are unclear. We discuss several current proposals for the evolutionary origin of aerobic phototrophic bacteria. The closest phylogenetic relatives of aerobic phototrophic bacteria include facultatively anaerobic purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacteria. Since these two bacterial groups share many properties, yet have significant differences, we compare and contrast their physiology, with an emphasis on morphology and photosynthetic and other metabolic processes.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacteria
PubMed: 9729607
DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.62.3.695-724.1998 -
Journal of Bacteriology Apr 1983The role of protein induction and repression in the adaptation of Escherichia coli to changes in the supply of oxygen and other electron acceptors is only poorly...
The role of protein induction and repression in the adaptation of Escherichia coli to changes in the supply of oxygen and other electron acceptors is only poorly understood. We have studied the changes in cellular protein composition associated with this adaptation by measuring the levels of 170 individual polypeptides produced during aerobic or anaerobic growth of E. coli, with and without nitrate. Nineteen polypeptides had levels highest during aerobic growth. These proteins include the enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, several tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate transmethylase. The other aerobiosis-induced proteins have not been identified. These polypeptides are major cellular proteins during aerobic growth and display several different patterns of regulation in response to medium composition. Induction ratios for oxygen ranged from 2.2 to 11.2, with one exceptional member, superoxide dismutase, increasing 71-fold with aeration. Most of the proteins were also induced by nitrate during anaerobic growth. The time course of induction after shifts in oxygen supply revealed similarities in response among proteins of related function or metabolic regulation class. These results are discussed in relation to previously reported information on the identified aerobiosis-induced proteins.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacterial Proteins; Escherichia coli; Time Factors
PubMed: 6339477
DOI: 10.1128/jb.154.1.344-350.1983 -
Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2017We sought to review studies examining the effect of statins on symptoms of exercise tolerance, markers of muscle injury and activity levels in physical active... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We sought to review studies examining the effect of statins on symptoms of exercise tolerance, markers of muscle injury and activity levels in physical active individuals.
BACKGROUND
Statin therapy reduces atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Regular physical activity is also associated with reduced CVD events, but statin therapy can produce muscle complaints, which may be more frequent in physically active individuals. We reviewed the literature to determine the effects of statins on symptoms, exercise performance and activity levels in physically active individuals.
METHODS
We performed a PubMed search to identify English language articles reporting on statins and their effect on athletic/exercise performance, and symptoms in active individuals.
RESULTS
We identified 65 articles, 32 of which provided sufficient information to be included in this review. Seventeen of the 32 studies examined the incidence of myalgia while exercising on statins, and showed that myalgia was increased in 8 of the 17 (47%) of these studies. Of the 17 studies examining the effects of statin therapy on muscle injury, 6 (35%) studies reported that statins augment the increase in creatine kinase (CK) produced by exercise. There were 10 studies that examined statin effects on aerobic exercise performance, only 3 of which (33%) concluded that statins decreased performance. Two (25%) of the 8 studies examined the effects of statins on muscular strength and suggested that statins decreased muscular strength, whereas 2 (25%) reported increased strength. Statins did not consistently affect physical activity levels since statins were associated with an increase in activity in 3 of the 5 studies examining habitual exercise. None of the studies showed a relationship between statins use and exercise and an increase in myalgia or a decrease in exercise performance. There was also no correlation between intensity of statin therapy and an effect on these variables.
CONCLUSION
Statins may increase the incidence of exercise-related muscle complaints and in some studies augment the exercise-induced rise in muscle enzymes, but statins do not consistently reduce muscle strength, endurance, overall exercise performance or physical activity.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Exercise; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Mitochondria; Muscles
PubMed: 28807461
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.07.003 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 2010Aerobic organisms are faced with a dilemma. Environmental iron is found primarily in the relatively inert Fe(III) form, whereas the more metabolically active ferrous... (Review)
Review
Aerobic organisms are faced with a dilemma. Environmental iron is found primarily in the relatively inert Fe(III) form, whereas the more metabolically active ferrous form is a strong pro-oxidant. This conundrum is solved by the redox cycling of iron between Fe(III) and Fe(II) at every step in the iron metabolic pathway. As a transition metal ion, iron can be "metabolized" only by this redox cycling, which is catalyzed in aerobes by the coupled activities of ferric iron reductases (ferrireductases) and ferrous iron oxidases (ferroxidases).
Topics: Aerobiosis; Animals; Ceruloplasmin; FMN Reductase; Humans; Ion Transport; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 20522542
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.R110.113217 -
Bioresource Technology Jan 2018Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a novel microbial community which allows simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a single sludge... (Review)
Review
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a novel microbial community which allows simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a single sludge system. AGS is distinct from activated sludge in physical, chemical and microbiological properties and offers compact and cost-effective treatment for removing oxidized and reduced contaminants from wastewater. AGS sequencing batch reactors have shown their utility in the treatment of abattoir, live-stock, rubber, landfill leachate, dairy, brewery, textile and other effluents. AGS is extensively researched for wide-spread implementation in sewage treatment plants. However, formation of AGS takes relatively much longer time while treating low-strength wastewaters like sewage. Strategies like increased volumetric flow by means of short cycles and mixing of sewage with industrial wastewaters can promote AGS formation while treating low-strength sewage. This article reviewed the state of research on AGS formation mechanisms, bioremediation capabilities and biotechnological applications of AGS technology in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioreactors; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 28985995
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.131 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Feb 2021The aerobic dive limit (ADL) and the hypothesis that most dives are aerobic in nature have become fundamental to the understanding of diving physiology and to the... (Review)
Review
The aerobic dive limit (ADL) and the hypothesis that most dives are aerobic in nature have become fundamental to the understanding of diving physiology and to the interpretation of diving behavior and foraging ecology of marine mammals and seabirds. An ADL, the dive duration associated with the onset of post-dive blood lactate accumulation, has only been documented with blood lactate analyses in five species. Applications to other species have involved behavioral estimates or use of an oxygen store / metabolic rate formula. Both approaches have limitations, but have proved useful to the evaluation of the dive behavior and ecology of many species.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diving
PubMed: 33186706
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110841